Conventional periodontal regenerative surgery has limited effect on tooth with severe periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects. This article reported a case of regenerative treatment in severe distal-bone defect of mandibular first molar. The treatment involved applying 3D printing, advanced/injectable platelet-rich fibrin, and guided tissue-regeneration technology. After the operation, the periodontal clinical index significantly improved and the alveolar bone was well reconstructed.
Humans ; Platelet-Rich Fibrin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Digital Technology ; Furcation Defects/drug therapy* ; Periodontitis ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal

Magnesium-doped calcium silicate (CS) bioceramic scaffolds have unique advantages in mandibular defect repair; however, they lack antibacterial properties to cope with the complex oral microbiome. Herein, for the first time, the CS scaffold was functionally modified with a novel copper-containing polydopamine (PDA(Cu^2+‍)) rapid deposition method, to construct internally modified (*P), externally modified (@PDA), and dually modified (*P@PDA) scaffolds. The morphology, degradation behavior, and mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the CS*P@PDA had a unique micro-/nano-structural surface and appreciable mechanical resistance. During the prolonged immersion stage, the release of copper ions from the CS*P@PDA scaffolds was rapid in the early stage and exhibited long-term sustained release. The in vitro evaluation revealed that the release behavior of copper ions ascribed an excellent antibacterial effect to the CS*P@PDA, while the scaffolds retained good cytocompatibility with improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects. Finally, the PDA(Cu²⁺)-modified scaffolds showed effective early bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit mandibular defect model. Overall, it was indicated that considerable antibacterial property along with the enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration can be imparted to the scaffold by the two-step PDA(Cu²⁺) modification, and the convenience and wide applicability of this technique make it a promising strategy to avoid bacterial infections on implants.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Copper/pharmacology* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Bone Regeneration ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Osteogenesis ; Calcium ; Ions/pharmacology*