Objective To investigate the psychological status of parents when premature infants discharge from Neonate Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 100 premature infants and 100 parents who had been hospitalized in NICU of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2015 to July 2016 were enrolled in the study. All the parents were investigated for their psychological status when premature infants were discharged from NICU by Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze and process the research data. Results The total score of SCL-90 was (134.60±21.77), of which the scores of 6 factors were on the high side:somatization (18.15±4.54), depression (22.10±3.72), anxiety (15.70±3.08), hostility (9.55±1.95) and terror (9.35±2.61). It showed that the score of mothers were higher than fathers. The SCL-90 score had a statistical difference in parents at different age group and with different education background (P<0.05). The differences of SCL-90 scores for parents of premature infants with different admission age, admission weight, discharge weight, and NICU time were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that parents' gender, age and premature infants' admission age, admission weight, discharge weight and NICU time were the main influencing factors of parents' psychological status. Conclusions The psychological status of parents of premature infants when discharged from NICU is poor and affected by various factors. To construct personalized psychological adjustment strategies to improve the mental state of parents of NICU premature infants at discharge is of great significance for optimizing family nursing, improving the prognosis of premature infants, improving the compliance of parents and harmonizing the relationship between doctors and patients.