Adult-onset Still′s disease (AOSD) is a type of systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, with diverse clinical manifestations, and there are some difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, it has been found that some new markers, such as heme oxygenase 1, calreticulin, inflammatory cytokines and advanced glycation end products, can be used for a comprehensive assessment of the activity and severity of AOSD. Moreover, new biological agents, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors and recombinant IL-18 binding proteins, bring new hope for the treatment of AOSD. This review mainly summarizes progress in the diagnosis and treatment of AOSD.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects young and middle-aged women. It can involve multiple organ systems, with complex and diverse clinical manifestations. The research on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of SLE has always been a hot spot in this field. In 2019, a lot of new progress was made in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment of SLE in China and other countries, and this review summarizes main representative advances.

Objective:To explore the clinical features of Sweet′s syndrome and analyze its histopathological features and treatment.Methods:The general data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, histopathological examination and treatment of 36 patients with Sweet′s syndrome who admitted our hospital from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The male to female ratio is 1∶1, with the highest incidence in the 50-60 years old range (27.8%). Skin lesions were more common in head and neck (30.6%), limbs (27.8%), upper limbs (19.4%) and whole body (22.2%). Accompanying symptoms were observed in 20 patients (55.6%) and most common are fever (47.2%) and joint pain (19.4%). Malignant tumors were associated with 5 patients (13.9%), chronic inflammation or infection with 17 patients (47.2%), diabetes mellitus with 4 patients (11.1%) and pregnancy with 3 patients (8.3%). It is most easily misdiagnosed as erythema polyforms (11.1%) and allergic dermatitis dermatitis (11.1%). Histopathologic features ware dermal papillary edema, dermal neutrophilic infiltration and nuclear dust. All patients relieved after glucocorticoid therapy.Conclusions:The proportion of male and female in Sweet syndrome is close to the same. Chronic infection and malignant tumor are the most common causes, which are easy to be misdiagnosed in clinic. Comprehensive evaluation of patients′ systemic diseases and accurate histopathological analysis are helpful for early identification and diagnosis of Sweet syndrome.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly involving young and middle-aged women, with various clinical manifestations and complicated pathogenesis. SLE has always been a hot spot in the field of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes new achievements and advances in genomics and clinical studies in SLE in 2018.

Systemic lupus erythematosus has always been a research hotspot in the field of autoimmune diseases in China and other countries. In 2022, Chinese and international researchers have made a lot of new progress in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. This review mainly summarizes major representative advances.

In 2021, Chinese and international researchers have made a lot of new progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes major representative advances.

The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is still unclear, and its pathogenesis is complicated. In 2020, Chinese and international researchers made a lot of new progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes major representative advances.

A 24-year-old female patient presented with recurrent itchy annular erythema and scales on the trunk and extremities for 9 years. Histopathological study revealed hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, neutrophil aggregation in the stratum corneum, blisters below the stratum corneum, and perivascular infiltration with lymphocytes, a small number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the superficial and middle dermis. Direct immunofluorescence assay showed negative staining for IgG, IgM, IgA and C3. Whole-exome sequencing of the SPINK5 gene showed a missense mutation c.2423C>T (p.T808I) in exon 25, and a splicing site mutation c.2965-1G>A in exon 31. The compound heterozygosity for the two mutations may be the cause of Netherton syndrome in the patient. Based on the clinical manifestations and genetic testing results, the patient was diagnosed with Netherton syndrome.

Androgenetic alopecia is a distinctive condition associated with genetic factors and effect of androgens, usually adversely affects the appearance and mental health of patients. This review summarizes research progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, evaluation and clinical treatment of androgenetic alopecia in 2020.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a classical autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and systems. In 2023, a lot of new research progress was made in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes the major representative achievements.