ObjectiveTo explore the normal range of the volume of internal capsules in Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age,body habitus,and craniocerebral volume.Methods One thousand healthy volunteers (age range =18 to 80 years) were divided into 5 groups according to their age;Group A ( 18 to 30 years old),group B (31 to 40 years),group C (41 to 50 years),group D (51 to 60 years),and group E (61 to 80 years).Each group consisted of 100 males and 100 females.MR imaging was performed in all of the volunteers using T1 weighted three-dimensional nagnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence. After three dimension data reconstruction,the volumes of bilateral internal capsules were manually measured. The volumes of bilateral internal capsules were compared by paired sample t test.The internal capsule volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test,and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.The relationship between the volumes of internal capsule and age,body habitus or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation.ResultsThe left and right internal capsule volumes were (2809 ± 393) and (2677 ± 343 ) mm3 respectively.The left internal capsule volumes were significantly larger than that of right (t =12.078,P ＜ 0.05 ).The left and right side of internal capsule volumes in male were (2863 ± 396) and (2744 ±358) mm3 respectively,and (2754 ±385) and (2609 ±314) mm3 in female.The left and right internal capsule volumes were larger in males than in female (t =1.982,2.851 ;P ＜ 0.05 ).The left internal capsule volume of the 5 age groups were ( 3273 ± 361 ),( 2943 ± 299 ),( 2777 ± 255 ),( 2607 ± 199 ),(2444 ±213) mm3,and the right were (2993 ± 361 ),(2814 ± 270),(2682 ± 239),(2543 ± 219),(2351 ±210) mm3.There were significant differences among 5 age groups between left and right internal capsule volume ( F =55.244,34.493 ; P ＜ 0.05 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume of left and right internal capsule and age ( r =- 0.718,- 0.637 ; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions1.5 T MR scanner can be used to accurately measure the internal capsule volumes.There is a significant negative correlation between age and internal capsule volumes.

ObjectiveTo measure the volume of thalamus in 1000 healthy Chinese Han nationality adults,and to analyze the relationship between thalamic volume and age,sex,weight and cerebral volume,to provide reliable data for the construction of database of Chinese adults' digital standard brain.Methods Totally 1000 healthy Chinese adults of Han nationality aged from 18 to 80 years were recruited.They were divided into 5 groups by age:18-30,31-40,41-50,51-60 and 61-80 years.Each group included 100 males and 100 females.Brain images were obtained on a 1.5 T MR,and the outline of thalami was drawn with Aquariusws software.Then the thalamic volume was calculated automatically.The volumes of left and right thalamus were compared by paired sample t-test.Thalamic volumes of the same side were compared between males and females by independent sample t-test.And thalamic volumes of different age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.The relationships between thalamic volume and age,sex,weight and cerebral volume were analyzed respectively.ResultsThe males' standardized volumes of left and right thalamus of healthy Chinese Han nationality adults were (5776 ± 780),(5655 ± 759) mm3,and they were (5464 ±573 ),(5360 ± 542) mm3 for female.The males' thalamic volume was more than the females' on the same side ( t =2.245,2.200,P ＜ 0.01 ).The left thalamic volumes of various age groups were ( 6180 ± 534 ),(6047 ± 562 ),( 5426 ± 471 ),( 5552 ± 526 ),( 4866 ± 552 ) mm3,respectively,while the right thalamic volumes of the 5 groups were ( 6069 ± 532 ),( 5895 ± 539 ),( 5357 ± 480 ),( 5396 ± 445 ),( 4791 ± 558)mm3,respectively.There were statistically significant difference among the 5 groups( F =165.686,165.235,P ＜ 0.01 ).The left and right thalamic volume were all negatively correlated with age ( r =- 0.633,-0.645,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsWith high resolution 1.5 T MR scanner,grey matter and white matter can be depicted clearly and the outline of thalamic can be discriminated specifically.It is useful for the measurement of thalamic volume and scientific data to build Chinese adults' digital standard brain.

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential molecular mechanisms for Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) improving the endocrine function of ovarian granular cells by observing the effect of BTR containing serum on follicle stimulating hormone/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (FSH/ cAMP-PKA) pathway in in vitro cultured human ovarian granular cells.

METHODSThe primary ovarian granular cells collected from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients were cultured for 24 h. The human and rat serum containing different concentrations of BTR (low, medium, high dose), and their normal serums were co-incubated with ovarian granular cells for 48 h respectively, and then they were divided into the low, medium, high dose BTR groups and the control group. The levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the culture medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. The protein expression of FSHR in ovarian granular cells was detected by Western Blot. The mRNA expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and P450 aromatase (P450arom) in ovarian granular cells were detected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSIn human BTR containing serum groups: Compared with control group, the levels of E2 and cAMP in the culture medium were higher (both P < 0.05) in the medium and high dose BTR groups; the levels of P in the culture medium decreased in the medium dose BTR group (P < 0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of FSHR in ovarian granular cells increased (all P < 0.01), the mRNA expressions of P450arom in ovarian granular cells were higher (P < 0.05, P< 0.01) in the medium and high dose BTR groups. In rat BTR containing serum groups: Compared with the control group, the levels of E2 in the culture medium were higher (all P < 0.01), cAMP in the culture medium were higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the medium and high dose BTR group; the levels of P in the culture medium decreased in the medium dose BTR group (P < 0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of FSHR in ovarian granular cells were higher (all P < 0.01), the mRNA expression of P450arom in ovarian granular cells increased in the medium and high dose BTR groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBTR could possibly improve the endocrine function of ovarian granular cells by regulating main effector molecules FSHR, cAMP, P450arom, and E2 in FSH/cAMP-PKA pathway of ovarian granular cells.

Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Serum ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective:To compare the radiation chemistry effects on water molecules after ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) and conventional irradiation.Methods:Both FLASH and conventional irradiation were applied to ultrapure water, with the hydroxyl radical yield in the homogeneous phase detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and the hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) yield in the diffusion phase analyzed uuxing fluorescence probe. The liposome model was then established to investigate the radiation chemistry effect of FLASH and conventional irradiation in inducing lipid peroxidation. Results:Radiation chemistry reactions were observed in water molecules after irradiation. In the homogeneous phase, the yield of free radicals using FLASH irradiation is similar to those from conventional irradiation ( P>0.05). In the diffusion phase, the amount of H 2O 2 produced by FLASH irradiation was significantly lower than those from conventional irradiation ( t=0.49-12.81, P<0.05). The liposome model confirmed that conventional irradiation could significantly induce lipid peroxidation through the radiation chemistry effect in water molecules as compared with FLASH irradiation ( t=0.31-11.73, P<0.05). Conclusions:The radiation chemistry effect in water molecules after FLASH irradiation was significantly lower than that from conventional irradiation. This could be one of the mechanisms of FLASH effect.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of modified basin-forming anastomosis for recurrent stones after choledochojejunostomy. Methods: A total of 83 patients suffering from recurrent choledocholithiasis undergoing re-operation at our department from Jan 2013 to Dec 2017 were divided into two groups. 46 patients treated by routine choledochojejunostomy(controls), and 37 patients by modified basin-forming biliary-intestinal anastomosis(study group). Results: Control vs study group: intraoperative blood loss were(262±86)ml vs(121±77)ml, blood transfusion: (139±256)ml vs(22±92)ml , and operative time: (316±75)min vs(245±73)min , the number of patients with liver resection were 8 vs 3(all P<0.05). The number of patients with fever, biliary tract infection, abdominal infection, anemia, and postoperative hospital stay were 14 vs 4, 12 vs 3, 7 vs 0, 11 vs 1, (11.5±1.8) d vs (8.5±1.9) d (all P<0.05). Conclusions The modified basin-forming biliary-intestinal anastomosis is a simple, safe and effective surgical method for recurrent choledocholithiasis after choledochojejunostomy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and toxicity of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) compared with CCRT alone for the treatment of children and adolescent locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LACANPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 194 locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients youngerthan 21 years who received CCRT with or without IC before were included in the study population. Overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Treatment toxicities were clarified and compared between two groups. RESULTS: One hundred and thiry of 194 patients received IC+CCRT. Patients who were younger and with more advanced TNM stage were more likely to receive IC+CCRT and intensive modulated radiotherapy. The addition of IC before CCRT failed to improve survival significantly. The matched analysis identified 43 well-balanced patients in both two groups. With a median follow-up of 51.5 months, no differences were found between the IC+CCRT group and the CCRT group in 5-year OS (83.7% vs. 74.6%, p=0.153), PFS (79.2% vs. 73.4%, p=0.355), LRFS (97.7% vs. 88.2%, p=0.083), and DMFS (81.6% vs. 81.6%, p=0.860). N3 was an independent prognostic factor predicting poorer OS, PFS, and DMFS. The addition of IC was associated with increased rates of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia. CONCLUSION: This study failed to demonstrate that adding IC before CCRT could provide a significant additional survival benefit for LACANPC patients. Further investigations are warranted.
Adolescent* ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Child* ; Cohort Studies* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Methods ; Neutropenia ; Radiotherapy

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of liraglutide on the paraquat (PQ)⁃ induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. Methods Totally 24 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, PQ group and PQ +liraglutide group, 8 mice in each group. PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of PQ (10 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, and liraglutide (50 nmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. The free⁃standing and locomotor activity of mice were measured by behavioral method. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunoreactive cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of protein TH, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitofusin⁃2 (Mfn2) and dynamin⁃related protein 1 (Drp1). Results The numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity numbers decreased significantly (P<0.01, P < 0.05) in PQ group compared with the control group, and the number of TH immunoreactive cells and TH protein expression in substantia nigra decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group, while the number of Iba1 immunoreactive cells and GFAP protein expression increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group; the expression of Drp1 protein in PQ group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the Mfn2 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control group. After treatment with liraglutide, the number of TH positive cells in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05); the numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.05) in PQ + liraglutide group compared with the PQ group, and the number of TH positive cells and expression of TH protein in PQ + liraglutide group were significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01, P< 0.01); while the number of Iba1 positive cells and GFAP protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared with the PQ group; the Drp1 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with the PQ group, while the expression of Mfn2 protein in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01). Conclusion Liraglutide has neuroprotective effect by reducing neuroinflammation in substantia nigra, regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission.

This study was aimed to analyze the serological characteristics, efficacy and safety of incompatible RBC transfusion in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The patients with idiopathic or secondary AIHA were analyzed retrospectively, then the serological characteristics and the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions were investigated, and the efficacy and safety of incompatible RBC transfusion were evaluated according to the different autoantibody type and infused different RBC components. The results showed that out of 61 cases of AIHA, 21 cases were idiopathic, and 40 cases were secondary. 8 cases (13.1%) had IgM cold autoantibody, 50 cases (82.0%) had IgG warm autoantibody, and 3 cases (4.9%) had IgM and IgG autoantibodies simultaneously. There were 18 cases (29.5%) combined with alloantibodies. After the exclusion of alloantibodies interference, 113 incompatible RBC transfusions were performed for 36 patients with AIHA, total efficiency rate, total partial efficiency rate and total inefficiency rate were 56.6%, 15.1% and 28.3%, respectively. Incompatible RBC transfusions were divided into non-washed RBC group and washed RBC group. The efficiency rate, partial efficiency rate and inefficiency rate in non-washed RBC group were 57.6%, 13.0% and 29.4%, respectively. The efficiency rate, partial efficiency rate and inefficiency rate in washed RBC group were 53.6%, 21.4% and 25.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference of transfusion efficacy (P > 0.05) in two groups. Incompatible RBC transfusions were also divided into IgM cold autoantibody group and IgG warm autoantibody group. The efficiency rate, partial efficiency rate and inefficiency rate in IgM cold autoantibody group were 46.2%, 30.8% and 29.4%, respectively. The efficiency rate, partial efficiency rate and inefficiency rate in IgG warm autoantibody group were 56.7%, 13.4% and 29.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference of transfusion efficacy (P > 0.05 ) in two groups. Hemolytic transfusion reaction was not observed in all incompatible RBC transfusions. It is concluded that the same ABO type of non-washed RBC transfusion and O type washed RBC transfusion are all relatively safe for the AIHA patients with severe anemia after the exclusion of alloantibodies interference. There is no significant difference of transfusion efficacy in two groups. The same ABO type of non-washed RBC transfusion is more convenient and efficient than washed RBC transfusion, and excessive use of type O RBCs can also be avoided.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Application of microscopic spectroscopy in quality control of Niuhuang Qingxin pills was discussed. First, microscopic characteristics specified by the statutory standard of Niuhuang Qingxin pills were summarized. Then new identification method was established for Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Cinnamomi Cortex and Saposhnikoviae Radix. Finally, microscopic spectroscopy was used for test of Dioscoreae Rhizoma's adulterant Dioscoreae Fordii Rhizoma.It was the first time for this technology being applied in adulteration test of Chinese patent medicine.The results showed that Saigae Tataricae Cornu was not detected in 2 batches of Niuhuang Qingxin pills from 1 manufacturer while Dioscoreae Fordii Rhizoma was detected in 3 batches of samples from 2 manufacturers. The proposed methods were accurate, simple, rapid, objective and economic, which offered a more comprehensive approach for quality control of Niuhuang Qingxin pills. It was indicated that conventional technology such as microscopic spectroscopy could play an important role in identification of traditional Chinese medicine whose index ingredient was deficient or tiny.

Poria is an important medical herb in clinic. The authors isolated a polysaccharide(PCP-Ⅰ) from Poria in previous studies, which is composed of galactose, mannose, fucose and glucose. PCP-Ⅰ exhibited significant adjuvant effects on H1N1 influenza vaccine, hepatitis B surface antigen and anthrax protective antigen, and its adjuvant activity was stronger than aluminium adjuvant. However, little is known about the chemical structure of PCP-Ⅰ at present. In this study, weak acid hydrolysis was used to obtain the backbone oligosaccharide of PCP-Ⅰ. Then periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were performed to investigate the chemical structural features of PCP-Ⅰ and its hydrolytic oligosaccharide(PCP-Ⅰ-hy-1). These results suggested that the backbone of PCP-Ⅰ was composed of galactose with α anomeric carbon and β anomeric carbon. The linking residues of galactan are(1→),(l→6) and(1→2,6).
Adjuvants, Vaccine ; Poria ; Hydrolysis ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Galactose ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; Oligosaccharides ; Carbon