Along with the popularity of youth movement, the incidence of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) showed a trend of increase, but its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Previous studies suggested that trauma is the main potential cause, but with the emergence of vast family cases, hereditary factor is also gradually taken seriously. Arthroscopy is the "gold standard" for diagnosing OCD, but for the patient with early incomplete joint surface lesions, the diagnositic value of MRI is better than the arthroscopy. For the patients with stable form OCD, nonoperative management should be used such as adjusting activity, fixator and drugs; for the patient with unstable form OCD or failing after conservative treatment, surgery should be generally used such as joint clearing, drilling, microfracture method, fixation and transplantation. With the progress of research, stem cell technology and platelet-rich plasma gradually applied in cartilage repair, which will improve the curative effect of OCD, but still further clinical and experimental research, and also a long-term effective follow-up are needed.
Humans ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Along with the popularity of youth movement,the incidence of osteochondritis dissecans(OCD) showed a trend of increase,but its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Previous studies suggested that trauma is the main potential cause ,but with the emergence of vast family cases ,hereditary factor is also gradually taken seriously. Arthroscopy is the “gold standard”for diag-nosing OCD,but for the patient with early incomplete joint surface lesions,the diagnositic value of MRI is better than the arthroscopy. For the patients with stable form OCD ,nonoperative management should be used such as adjusting activity ,fixator and drugs;for the patient with unstable form OCD or failing after conservative treatment ,surgery should be generally used such as joint clearing,drilling,microfracture method,fixation and transplantation. With the progress of research,stem cell technolo-gy and platelet rich plasma gradually applied in cartilage repair ,which will improve the curative effect of OCD ,but still further clinical and experimental research ,and also a long term effective follow up are needed.

Objective To assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided 16G and 18G core needle biopsy for detecting ultrasound visible breast lesions with different sonographic features. Methods A total of 955 sonographically detected breast lesions examined with ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) and subsequently surgically excised from July 2005 to July 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Histological findings of US- CNB and the surgical specimens were analyzed for agreements, sensitivities, false negative rates, and underestimate rates according to different sonographic features. Results The pathological results of the US-CNB showed malignant lesions in 84.1%, high-risk lesions in 8.4%, and benign lesions in 7.5%of the samples. The overall agreement rates were 92.4% for 16G CNB and 92.8% for 18G CNB; their complete sensitivities and false negative rates were both 98.6%and 1.4%, respectively;the high-risk underestimate rates and DCIS underestimate rates were 48.0% and 46.2% for 16G CNB vs 53.3% and 41.2% for 18G CNB, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.01). For both 16G and 18G CNB, the agreements were better for mass lesions than for non-mass lesions (P<0.01). For the mass lesions with a diameter no greater than 10 mm, the agreement rates were lower than the overall data (P<0.01). Calcification in the lesions did not affect the agreement rates (P>0.01). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided 16G and 18G CNB are both accurate methods for evaluating ultrasound visible breast mass lesions with a diameter larger than 10 mm.

Objective To assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided 16G and 18G core needle biopsy for detecting ultrasound visible breast lesions with different sonographic features. Methods A total of 955 sonographically detected breast lesions examined with ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) and subsequently surgically excised from July 2005 to July 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Histological findings of US- CNB and the surgical specimens were analyzed for agreements, sensitivities, false negative rates, and underestimate rates according to different sonographic features. Results The pathological results of the US-CNB showed malignant lesions in 84.1%, high-risk lesions in 8.4%, and benign lesions in 7.5%of the samples. The overall agreement rates were 92.4% for 16G CNB and 92.8% for 18G CNB; their complete sensitivities and false negative rates were both 98.6%and 1.4%, respectively;the high-risk underestimate rates and DCIS underestimate rates were 48.0% and 46.2% for 16G CNB vs 53.3% and 41.2% for 18G CNB, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.01). For both 16G and 18G CNB, the agreements were better for mass lesions than for non-mass lesions (P<0.01). For the mass lesions with a diameter no greater than 10 mm, the agreement rates were lower than the overall data (P<0.01). Calcification in the lesions did not affect the agreement rates (P>0.01). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided 16G and 18G CNB are both accurate methods for evaluating ultrasound visible breast mass lesions with a diameter larger than 10 mm.