Objective To investigate the scientific research ability and training needs of the new posts of medical undergraduates for better training them.Methods A total of 62 new posts of medical undergraduates from a level-two general hospital in China were recruited by questionnaire survey.Resuits the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates is poor,so it is very necessary for their in-service training,93.5~ of them have interest in scientific research and hope to get the training,especially want to take part in the practical activity.Conclusions It is not better that the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates,so as early as possible to give the scientific research skill training to them.

Background and purpose:urokinase-typeplasminoogen activator receptor(uPAR) plays important roles in terms of fibrolysis in tissue,cell adhering prolifration and signal transduction uPAR can the detected in both cancer and matrix cells.It has been reorted that uPAR is associated with invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.This paper is to study the effects of the gene expression of uPAR and VEGF-C on onco-genesis and progression of ovarian cancer.Methods:The expression of uPAR gene protein and VEGF-C were examined immunohistochemically in 58 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma,10 cases of borderline serous cystadenomas and 13 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma.The relationships between the results and pathological features were studied.Results:① The expressions of uPAR in benign and malignant tumors were different significantly(P

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of different doses of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Clinical Trails.gov,CJFD,Wangfang Database and VIP,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about different doses of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cachrane 5.10. RESULTS:Totally 11 RCTs were enrolled,involving 5 399 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,canagliflozin 300 mg/d were superior to 100 mg/d in reducing HbA1c[MD=0.14,95%CI(0.09,0.19), P<0.001],FPG[MD=0.40,95%CI(0.20,0.61),P<0.001] and reduction rate of body mass[MD=0.69,95%CI(0.42,0.96),P<0.001],the differences were statistically significant;and there were no significant differences in the incidence of total adverse reac-tions [RR=0.97,95%CI(0.94,1.01),P=0.10],hypoglycemia [RR=1.02,95%CI(0.94,1.10),P=0.67],urinary tract infection[RR=0.96,95%CI (0.78,1.18),P=0.69] in 2 groups;There was significantly different of genital mycotic infection in 2 groups[RR=0.84,95%CI(0.70,1.00),P=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS:Canagliflozin 300 mg/d is better than 100 mg/d in controlling HbA1c,fasting blood glucose and body mass of patients with type 2 diabetes,and the genital mycotic infection should be attentioned.

Objective To study the clinical features of gallbladder small cell carcinoma (GSCC),to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GSCC.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of GSCC patients at our hospital from January 2000 to January 2012,and made a collective review of the literature.Results In this series,there were four female cases,one male case,the age at the first diagnosis was between 42-67,with the median age of 57.The main complain was pain and dis-comfort on the up and right abdomen.Tumor located in the bottom of gallbladder in 3 cases,and in the body in 2.Cholelithiasis was complicated in 4 cases.2 patients received radical resection of GSCC,followed by adjuvant chemotherapy of VP-16 and cisplatin,radioactive therapy in one.Postoperatively,these two were followed up for 45 and 32 mons with tumor free survival.3 cases received palliative resection,followed by adjuvant chemoradioactive therapy or intervention treatment,these three were followed up to 8,11,30 months respectively to their death for tumor recurrence.Conclusions GSCC is a rare disease,the initial symptoms are not often specific and easily misdiagnosed.The prognosis of GSCC is poor.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical feature,therapeutic mnethods and prognosis of colorectal small cell carcinoma.Methods From January 2000 to January 2012,15 patients of colorectal small cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 12 male cases,3 females.The age at diagnosis was between 39-71 years,with median age of 60.SCC located in the rectum in 12 cases,in the colon in 3 cases.The time from the onset of symptoms to final diagnosis was from 1 to 12 months.The diameter of tumors varied from 2.5 to 8.0 cm.13 cases received up-front surgery,including radical tumor resection in 6 cases,palliative resection in 7 cases,and neoadjuvant-chemotherapy followed by palliative resection in one case.The initial Ⅰ,Ⅲ B,Ⅳ B stage were 1 case,6 cases and 8 cases,respectively.The overall median survival time is 11 months,1,2 year's survival rate is 40.0％ and 20.0％,respectively.Conclusions Colorectal SCC is less common and the prognosis is poor.Multimodality management,with radical surgical resection of the primary lesion followed by standard adjuvantchemotherapy,affords good local disease control and a fair survival.

Objective To evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on lymph node micrometastasis and DC cell number in stage Ⅲ gastric cancer patients.Methods Lymph node micrometastases in pathologically negative lymph nodes from 76 stage Ⅲ gastric cancer patients [56 cases with neoadjavant chemotherapy (NCT) and 20 cases without],were assessed by cytokeratin-20 antibody.Dendritic cells (DC) in HE positive lymph nodes,HE negatives near tumor foci and HE negatives far foci were assessed by CD83 antibody respectively.Patients were divided into four groups:group 0 (20 cases without NCT),group 2 (two courses of NCT in 29 patients),group 3 (three courses of NCT in 16 patients),group 4 (four courses of NCT in 11 patients).Results In NCT group there were two patients with micrometastases (2/56).All the patients were with micrometastases in control group (20/20).Difference was statistically significant (P =0.000).In HE-positive lymph node group:the number of CD83-positive DC in 2 times group,3 times group,and 4 times group when compared with no chemotherapy group were statistically significant (P20 =0.001,P30 =0.000,P40 =0.000).In HE-negative lymph node near foci group:the number of CD83-positive DC in 3 times group,and 4 times group compared with 0 group were statistically significant increased (P30 =0.001,P40 =0.001).In HE-negative lymph node far foci group:the number of 4 times group was significantly higher than 0,2 and 3 group (P40 =0.000,P42 =0.000,P43 =0.001).Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective in the prevention of lymph node micrometastases in stage Ⅲ gastric carcinoma and it increases the number of mature dendritic cells in lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and abnormal expression of the CREB in different grade gliomas. Methods The expression of CREB was examined by using immunohistochemistry in brain tissues from the brain injury (5 cases) and different grade gliomas (55 cases).The mRNA and protein levels of CREB were further as?sessed using Western blot and RT-PCR in brain tissues from the patients with brain injury (10 cases) and those with dif?ferent grade gliomas (30 cases). Results The positive rates of CREB immunohistochemistry were 2/5 in control, 10/15 inⅠ-,Ⅱ11/12 in Ⅲ, 28/28 in Ⅳ. The positive rates of CREB were significantly different among different groups (H=28.183,P<0.05).The mRNA levels of CREB were 1.00 ± 0.000 in control, 1.35 ± 0.068 inⅠ-Ⅱ, 2.88 ± 0.111 in Ⅲand 3.75 ± 0.196 in Ⅳ. The expression of CREB was higher in the glioma than in control group, and the mRNA levels of CREB were significantly different among different groups(F=1.208,P<0.05). The protein levels of CREB were 0.311 ± 0.014 in control, 0.469±0.026 inⅠ-Ⅱ, 0.641±0.028 inⅢand 0.896±0.024 inⅣ. The protein levels of CREB were sig?nificantly different among different groups(F=1.123,P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of CREB is elevated in glio?mas with different differentiation degrees. The expression of CREB was positively correlated with the degree of differentia?tion, indicating that CREB may have an important regulatory role in the progress of gliomas.

Objective To characterize differences within facial profile esthetic evaluations among three groups of evaluators and the influences of sagittal or vertical skeletal patterns on facial profile esthetics. Methods A total of 114 silhouettes,from the pre?or post?treatment facial profiles of 57 patients,were scored by three groups of evaluators(professionals,patients'parents,and laypersons)to characterize differences within facial es?thetics evaluation among evaluators. The highest?scoring 30 silhouettes and the lowest?scoring 30 silhouettes were selected as the high score group and the low score group,respectively. Sixteen indices of the relative lateral cephalometric films were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results Facial profiles following orthodontic treatment scored higher than pre?treatment(P<0.05). There were significant differences between professionals and laypersons in facial profile scoring. Different sagittal skeletal patterns had no effect on esthetic evaluation ,but lower facial height significantly influenced whether a patient received a high or low esthetic score(P<0.05). Conclusion Orthodontic treatment can improve the fa?cial profile significantly,and lower facial height is the most sensitive index for facial profile evaluation in our study. However,all three evaluator groups have different esthetic standards that don't overlap. Notably,the expectations of laymen are higher than those of orthodontists.

Objective To compare the effects of median nerve electrical stimulation on coma patients after traumatic brain injury with different settings. Methods From 2013 to 2015, 161 patients with traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into control group (n=40), experimental group 1 (n=41), experimental group 2 (n=39) and experimental group 3 (n=41). The control group received routine conscious-ness-promoted methods, and the experimental groups received median nerve electrical stimulation with 200μs and 30 Hz, 100 Hz and 50 Hz in sequence, 60 minutes a day for 90 days. They were assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) before, 30 days and 90 days after treatment. Results There was significant difference in the scores of CCS and CRS-R, times of treatment, number of sobered patients and coma time among groups (P<0.01), that the experimental groups were better than the control group (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found between the experimental groups 1 and 2 (P>0.05). The experimental group 3 was better than the experimental groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Median nerve electrical stimulation with 200μs, 50 Hz could promote co-ma patients to wake up optimally.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to discuss surgical approach.Methods All patients underwent total thyroidectomy,central lymph nodes and lateral lymph nodes dissection in Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Hospital of the Jilin University,from Dec.2011 to Dec.2012.Results With the increase of the number of positive central lymph nodes,lateral cervical lymph node metastasis rate increased as well and accompanied multi region metastasis trend.In 102 cases of lateral positive cervical lymph node patients,55 cases were in level Ⅱ,accounting for 53.92％,62 cases were in level Ⅲ,accounting for 60.78％,76 cases were in level Ⅳ,accounting for 74.51％,and 17 cases were in level V,accounting for 16.67％.In lateral lymph nodes metastasis,we found level Ⅳ was the most vulnerable area,followed by level Ⅲ,level Ⅱ and level Ⅴ.Conclusions Prophylactic central lymph node dissection should be performed in PTC patients.Patients with central lymph node metastasis especially with the number of positive lymph nodes ＞ 3 should be performed ipsilateral level Ⅱ-Ⅴ lymph node dissection.