Neurological complications of viral hepatitis mainly include hepatic encephalopathy,hepatic myelopathy,peripheral neuropathy,meningoencephalitis,and epilepsy.Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication with mature diagnosis and treatment methods,and the other complications are relatively uncommon and lack treatment methods.This article introduces the classification,clinical manifestation,and treatment of each complication,in order to find the optimal therapies for neurological complications of viral hepatitis.

1 cases of pleomorphic hyalinizing vascular tumor(PHAT) at the right side of neck soft tissue is reported and related literatures are reviewed.The clinical symptoms of PHAT are mild and non-characteristic,imaging examination and postoperative pathological examination may show specificity of the lesion.It is a kind of soft tissue tumor with malignant tendency.Surgical excision is the main treatment,long-term follow-up is recommended.

Objective] Summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis by Gu ’s surgery department. [Method] By collecting medical records, from the teachers, pathogenesis, to summarize the inheritance and development of diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis by Gu ’s surgery department three generations, according to the present situation, analysis of the problems existing in the treatment of the disease. [Results] The disease was first discovered and reported by Dr.Gu Bohua in the domestic.Gu’s surgery department gradually gropes for a set of solution method in treatment of plasma cell mastitis after three generations from the treatment based on the external therapies in the initial, to later, internal and external therapies, at present based on the internal therapies. Clinical studies have found that the internal and external therapies have advantages of high cure rate, short treatment time, but the scar is larger, while the internal therapies in the long treatment cycle achieve the same cure rate, but the scar is smaller, less expensive. But the exploration of the cause of the disease, diagnosis and standardized treatment is still fraught with problems. [Conclusion]Developing by three generations, Gu ’s surgery department provides a more complete mentality and pragmatic value in treating plasma cell mastitis.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has its own exclusive pathological and molecular biological characteristic.At present,the treatment guidelines for triple negative breast cancer is not perfect,and the chemotherapy is the main method.A deeper insight into the targeted therapy of TNBC can improve the curative effect.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of dendritic cells (DCs) and homologous cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) on the growth and liver metastasis of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine. Methods A histologically intact liver metastasis fragment derived from a surgical specimen of patients with primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine was implanted in the mucous layer of small intestine in nude mice to construct the liver metastasis model of the malignant melanoma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with malignant melanoma of the small intestine were isolated. DCs and CIKs were separately produced according to corresponding culture method, and the DC-CIKs were harvested after coculorthotopically implanted in 56 nude mice, and 72 hours later, all the mice were equally divided into normal saline group (0.3 ml), mitomycin treatment group (400 μg/0.3 ml), healthy donor CIK group (6 × 107/0.3 ml),healthy donor DC-CIK group (3 × 107/0.3 ml), autologous CIK treatment group (6 × 107/0.3 ml), autologous DC-CIK group (6 × 107/0. 3 ml) and DC-CIK (6 × 107/0.3 ml) + mitomycin (400 μg/0. 3 ml) treatment group. Mice in the experimental groups were administered the agents once daily by vena caudalis injection for 28 days. Mice were sacrificed 72 hours after treatment, and the orthotopic xenografts were removed for weighing,and the liver metastases were simultaneously evaluated by macroscopy and microscopy. All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance, LSD test and chi-square test. Results A liver metastatic model of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine ( HSIM-0603 ) was established. Of the control group, healthy donor CIK group, healthy donor DC-CIK group, autologous CIK treatment group, autologous DC-CIK group and DC-CIK +mitomycin group, the tumor weights were ( 1.18 ± 0. 17), (0.71 ± 0.06), (0.68 ± 0. 15 ), (0. 43 ± 0.08 ),(0.67 ± 0.07 ), (0.37 ± 0.08 ) and (0.20 ± 0.05 ) g, respectively; the tumor inhibition rates were 0, 39.82%,42.37%, 65.56%, 43.22%, 68.64% and 83.05%, respectively; liver metastases were detected in 8, 8, 5,4, 4, 3, 2 rats, respectively, in the above mentioned groups. There were significant differences in the tumor weight, tumor inhibition rate and liver metastasis rate among the seven groups (F = 152. 300, x2= 200. 538,94. 325, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The liver metastatic model could be applied to the studies on the pathogenesis,invasion, metastasis and treatment of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine. DC-CIK has the potential in inhibiting the growth and liver metastasis of the malignant melanoma of the small intestine.

Objective To replicate an ideal animal model for exploring pathogenesis and experimental treatment of malignant lymphoma of small intestine. Methods Fresh lymphoma tissues derived from primary lesion and liver metastasis of malignant lymphoma of human small intestine obtained during operation were respectively transplanted into mucosa of small intestine and subcutaneous space in the interscapular region in nude mice. Tumorigenicity, invasion and metastasis of transplanted tumors were observed. Morphology (light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), karyotype analysis, DNA quantitative assay (FCM) were also studied. Results From five patients of malignant lymphoma of small intestine, tumor tissue from 3 patients was successfully transplanted. According to the new classification of the World Health Organization, a strain of high metastatic model of orthotopically transplanted malignant lymphoma in nude mice (HSIL-0101) and another of subcutaneously transplanted highly metastatic model were reproduced from the same human neoplasm (non-Hodgkin B cell type); orthotopically Pathological study showed that the tumor was high-grade large B-cell lymphoma. Histochemitry showed that it was CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD45 positive, and CD3 and CD7 negative. The number of chromosome is ranged from 55 to 59; DI (DNA Index) was 1.47～1.61 (ie, heteroploid). HSIL-0101 and HSIL-0102 had been passaged for 32 and 38 generations in nude mice separately. 357 nude mice were transplanted. Rate of growth of neoplasm transplantation and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation were both 100%. In HSIL-0101, metastasis rate of liver and lymph node was 100%. In HSIL-0102, metastasis rate of liver was 63.5% and metastasis rate of lymph node was 62.7%. Transplanted tumors invasively grew in small intestine and subcutaneous region of nude mice. Blood metastasis was found (liver and spleen metastases). There were also lymph metastasis and seeding metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions The study first successfully established spontaneous high metastasis models of malignant lymphoma of human small intestine in nude mice by orthotopic and subcutaneous transplantation. HSIL-0101 and HSIL-0102 could be used to carry out the research on pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and experimental therapy of malignant lymphoma of small intestine.

Background and purpose:urokinase-typeplasminoogen activator receptor(uPAR) plays important roles in terms of fibrolysis in tissue,cell adhering prolifration and signal transduction uPAR can the detected in both cancer and matrix cells.It has been reorted that uPAR is associated with invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.This paper is to study the effects of the gene expression of uPAR and VEGF-C on onco-genesis and progression of ovarian cancer.Methods:The expression of uPAR gene protein and VEGF-C were examined immunohistochemically in 58 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma,10 cases of borderline serous cystadenomas and 13 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma.The relationships between the results and pathological features were studied.Results:① The expressions of uPAR in benign and malignant tumors were different significantly(P

Spasticity is a common complication of stroke.It may cause the function and ability of patients to be restricted significantly and affect the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers.The estimated prevalence of poststroke spasticity (PSS) is 19％ to 42.6％.PSS can be usually assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale,Modified Tardieu Scale,and electromyography.Therapeutic methods of PSS include physical therapy and drug treatment.The treatment options should be individualized.

Chinese Caterpillar Fungus (CCF) is one of the rare Chinese traditional drugs. As the resource is reducing sharply, the price is rising higher and higher, and there have been much more adulterants in the markets, but until now we don't have a scientific and accurate research on the identification study for this drug. On the basis of resource investigation, during the study of the samples collected by ourselves and the specimens stored in the museum, using the macroscopic and microscopic methods, referring to the literatures of entomology, emphasizing on the characteristics of polypide part, we have studied this species in detail of the macroscopic characters such as the insertion position of the stroma part, the annulations and segments of the caterpillar, the abdominal leg, the pinaculum, and the microscopic characters of the body wall; firstly added the microscopic character of the crotchets on the planta of abdominal leg. The result turned out that the characters which we have studied are regular and stable, and it have laid the foundation for the powder products and patent medicines which have used the crude drug of CCF.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present in the peripheral blood,and play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer.As the researches about CTCs and targeted therapy move along,it is found that CTCs can be used as a liquid tumor tissue to guide clinical treatment and have a certain significance in the clinical staging and prognosis evaluation of lung cancer.