BACKGROUND:N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is an ionic glutamate receptor which is closely related with the neural synaptic plasticity, and also can regulate neural synaptic plasticity. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B regulate neural synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia. METHODS: 60 Wister rats were randomly and evenly divided into a sham-operated group and a cerebral ischemia group. Rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia were established using the modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method in the cerebral ischemia group, while rats in the sham-operated group did not undergo occlusion of the common carotid artery and vagus nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 0-12 hours after chronic cerebral ischemia, NR2A expression in the rat hippocampus was gradualy decreased, while the expression of NR2B reached its peak level at 4 hours after cerebral ischemia. Under the circumstance of cerebral ischemia, neither low frequency nor high frequency induced long-term potentiation. These findings suggest that NR2B exhibit inhibitory effect, while NR2A exhibit promoting effect on long-term potentiation induced by stimulation.

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with 131I-loaded bone cement in treating vertebral tumor in rabbit models. Methods Twelve New Zealand white rabbits with lumbar vertebral tumor, which was established by puncturing transplant of VX2 carcinoma, were randomly and equally divided into the study group and the control group with 6 rabbits in each group. PVP with injection of 131I-loaded bone cement was carried out in the rabbits of the study group, while PVP with injection of pure bone cement was employed in the rabbits of the control group. The blood cell count was determined in all the animals one day before PVP as well as on the 4th day after PVP. PET-CT examination was performed one day before PVP as well as on the 4th day after PVP to check the stand uptake value (SUV) of each vertebral tumor. SPECT was performed in all rabbits of the study group at one, 4 and 8 days after PVP respectively to estimate the distribution of 131I in the animals’ bodies. Eight days after PVP, blood cell counts, which were determined both before and after PVP, existed between the study group and the control group. SPECT that was performed after PVP indicated that 131I was mainly accumulated within PVP-treated vertebrae, and the distribution of 131I showed no obvious changes at different points of time after the procedure. Before PVP, the difference in SUV between the two groups was of no statistical significance (F = 0.765, P > 0.05). In the study group, the postoperative SUV was significantly lower than the preoperative SUV (F = 423.792, P < 0.05). Pathological examination showed that the extent of tumor cell necrosis around the bone cement in the study group was remarkably bigger than that in the control group. Conclusion In treating vertebral tumors with PVP, the use of 131I-loaded bone cement is clinically feasible, and short-term follow-up indicates that this technique is safe and effective.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of prescription about Lingnan Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) masters for Biqiu treatment based on data mining, so as to provide reference for the clinical practice and patent drug research and development of rhinorrhea in Lingnan district.Methods:By searching journal documents and medical records in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese BioMedical Database (SinoMed) and Duxiu Data Retrieval Platform, we selected the articles and famous TCM medical records that met the criteria on the TCM medical rules of treating Biqiu. We screened database in strict accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted prescription information from medical cases. The software Ancient and Modern Consilia Cloud Platform (V 1.5) was used for data mining analysis and medical case standardization, and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software were used to conduct frequency statistics, association analysis and cluster analysis of drugs in medical cases. Results:A total of 31 articles and 42 medical cases including 73 prescriptions were screened. The frequency results showed that there were 40 kinds of high frequency TCMs (frequency more than 5), mainly including drugs for benefiting the qi and strengthening the spleen, medicine to relieve cold and promote nasal passages, which was the same as the frequency statistics of the effects of herbal medicine. Seven drug groups were obtained by cluster analysis. The results of rule analysis showed that 16 association rules for drug pairs and 18 association rules for 3 TCMs pairs were obtained.Conclusions:While treating allergic rhinitis, Lingnan medical doctors focus on tonifying spleen qi, dispersing wind and cold, and promoting the nasal passages, which reflect the treatment theory of cultivating earth and generating gold, and attacking and tonifying. Lingnan medical doctors commonly used Guangdong medicinal herbs, which have distinct regional characteristics. The data mining methods can comprehensively summarize and explore the potential rules of Lingnan prominent practitioners' treatment of allergic rhinitis, and provide reference for guiding the treatment of congested nose and congested nose in TCM.

Background/Aims: To evaluate temporal trends of atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence in critically ill patients who received prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) in the United States. Methods: We used the 2008 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample to compute the weighted prevalence of AF among hospitalized adult patients on prolonged MV. We used multivariable-adjusted models to evaluate the association of AF with clinical factors, in-hospital mortality, hospitalization cost, and length of stay (LOS). Results: We identified 2,578,165 patients who received prolonged MV (21.27% of AF patients). The prevalence of AF increased from 14.63% in 2008 to 24.43% in 2014 (p for trend < 0.0001). Amongst different phenotypes of critically ill patients, the prevalence of AF increased in patients with severe sepsis, asthma exacerbation, congestive heart failure exacerbation, acute stroke, and cardiac arrest. Older age, male sex, white race, medicare access, higher income, urban teaching hospital setting, and Western region were associated with a higher prevalence of AF. AF in critical illness was a risk factor for in-hospital death (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.15), but in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AF decreased from 11.6% to 8.3%. AF was linked to prolonged LOS (2%, p < 0.0001) and high hospitalization cost (4%, p < 0.0001). LOS (–1%, p < 0.0001) and hospitalization cost (–4%, p < 0.0001) decreased yearly. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbid AF is increasing, particularly in older patients. AF may lead to poorer prognosis, and high-quality intensive care is imperative for this population.

Acute abdomen is often a general term for abdominal diseases with acute abdominal pain as the main manifestation. Common clinical acute abdomen includes acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction and other diseases, its characteristics are great changes, rapid progress, high misdiagnosis rate, high postoperative complication rate and high mortality rate, accurate diagnosis and early treatment can obtain a good prognosis. With our in-depth understanding of the occurrence and development of acute abdomen diseases and the development of evidence-based medicine, minimally invasive technology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of common acute abdomen. Laparoscopy on diagnosis can clarify disease diagnosis to a large extent. For those who cannot undergo surgery, decompression and drainage under endoscopy provides a diversified plan for treatment decisions. In addition, minimally invasive techniques are also used in etiological treatment and complications. Disease, prevention of recurrence in all aspects, Minimally invasive technology is beneficial to the etiological treatment of biliary pancreatitis, appendicitis and cholangitis, and endoscopic technology is more consistent with the minimally invasive concept in the treatment of complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between clinical outcome and gene mutations in children with Fanconi anemia (FA).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of six children with the same severity of FA and receiving the same treatment. At first, single cell gel electrophoresis and chromosome breakage induced by mitomycin C were performed for diagnosis. Then the gene detection kit for congenital bone marrow failure diseases or complementation test was used for genotyping of FA. Finally the association between the clinical outcome at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months after treatment and gene mutation was analyzed.

RESULTSOf all the six FA children, five had FANCA type disease, and one had FANCM type disease; four children carried two or more FA gene mutations. Among the children with the same severity of FA, those with more FA mutations had a younger age of onset and poorer response to medication, and tended to progress to a severe type.

CONCLUSIONSChildren carrying more than two FA mutations have a poor clinical outcome, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be performed as soon as possible.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fanconi Anemia ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Retrospective Studies

This study was aimed to investigate the quantity and subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and to explore the role of DC in pathogenesis of IRP. The quantity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+)cells) in peripheral blood of 65 patients with IRP (37 new diagnosed and 28 remitted) and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the ratio of pDC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was (0.91 ± 064)% in new diagnosed group, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (0.39 ± 0.11)% and control group (0.29 ± 0.13)% (P < 0.01), while this ratio of pDC in remission group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC was (0.21 ± 0.20)% in new diagnosed group and (0.34 ± 0.21)% in remission group respectively, there was no statistical difference as compared with control group (0.29 ± 0.09)% (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC to mDC in new diagnosed group was 6.75 ± 7.11, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (1.55 ± 0.93) and control group (1.07 ± 0.43, P < 0.01), there was no statistical difference between the ratio of remission group and control group (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC in PBMNC of IRP group negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.347, P < 0.05), and positively correlated to the ratio of auto-antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.606, P < 0.05) and to the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.709, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.381, P < 0.01) and platelets (r = -0.343, P < 0.01). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC positively correlated to the ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = 0.595, P < 0.05) and the level of hemoglobin (r = 0.292, P < 0.05). The ratio of pDC/mDC negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.395, P < 0.05), it positively correlated to the level of antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.421, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.423, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.304, P < 0.05) and platelets (r = -0.287, P < 0.05). It is concluded that the quantity of pDC in peripheral blood of IRP patients increases, which may be related to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Cell Count ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of dendritic cells (DC) of patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and explore the role of DC in IRP.

METHODSThe expression of CD80 and CD86 on myeloid DC (mDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+) cells) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) of 65 IRP (37 untreated and 28 remitted) patients and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expression of CD86 on pDC was (82.47 ± 13.17)% in untreated group and (60.08 ± 14.29)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (47.95 ± 18.59)% (P < 0.05), while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of remission group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on pDC was (6.31 ± 4.49)% in untreated group, which was significantly higher than that of remitted patients (3.09 ± 2.93)% and controls (2.33 ± 2.25)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on mDC was (97.06 ± 4.82)% in untreated group and (91.35 ± 12.20)% in control group, while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on mDC was (6.20 ± 5.44)% in untreated group and (3.97 ± 3.24)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (1.86 ± 1.73)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on pDC was negatively correlated to Th1/Th2 (r = -0.733, P < 0.05), it was positively correlated to the antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.283, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.436, P < 0.05), while it was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells (r = -0.539, P < 0.05; r = -0.519, P < 0.05; r = -0.567, P < 0.05, respectively). The expression of CD80 on pDC was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin and platelets (r = -0.431, P < 0.05; r = -0.464, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe function of pDC in PB of IRP were strengthened, which was relevant to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; complications ; B7-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

Chinese medicinal formulae are the important means of clinical treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. It is urgent to use modern advanced scientific and technological means to reveal the complicated mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae because they have the function characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and integrated regulation. The systematic and comprehensive research model of proteomic is in line with the function characteristics of Chinese medicinal formulae, and proteomic has been widely used in the study of pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae. The recent applications of proteomic in pharmacological study of Chinese medicinal formulae in anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, anti-liver disease, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases were reviewed in this paper, and then the future development direction of proteomic in pharmacological study of Chinese medicinal formulae was put forward. This review is to provide the ideas and method for proteomic research on function mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae.

Investigation of the cause of death during diving is one of the contents of forensic pathology. In this article, relevant foreign literature is reviewed to summarize the techniques and methods used in the identification of diving deaths, such as accident reconstruction, diving monitoring data, postmortem CT examination and gas analysis (location and quantity) in the body of the corpse, in order to provide a reference for forensic identification of such cases.
Autopsy/methods* ; Diving ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes