Objective To analyze the injury characteristics in 2004-2009 road traffic accidents (RTAS) of 0-25 years old adolescents treated in Beijing 120 Emergency Center so as to provide scientific basis for making effective measures in prevention and control of RTAs. Methods The data of all the adolescents with traffic injuries treated in Beijing 120 Medical Emergency Center were collected for a retrospective analysis on sex,age,traffic injury time,wound regions,injury characteristics and death condition of the injured adolescents. Results( 1 ) There were 17 232 injuries and 259 deaths according to the traffic reports from 2004 to 2009. Among the total injury cases,there were 4 229 cases of 0-25 years old adolescents (24.5％),at (20.13 ± 4.43 ) years of age.The injury number showed a significant rising trend with the increase of age and the injury number of 20 years old group were obvious more than that of other age groups.(2) There were 2 252 males and 1 677 females,with ratio of males to females for 1.5:1 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) Total number of patients was decreased yearly.The high incidence of adolescent RTAs could be seen in September,October and May in one year; Friday,Saturday and Sunday in one week; and between 8:00 am and 11:00 pm in one day.The low incidence of adolescent RTAs could be seen in Tuesday in one week,and 3:00-6:00 am in one day (P ＜0.05).(4) Cases of limb and arthrosis wounds (53.4％) were more than those of head and neck wounds (35％).Most of the cases were pedestrians (49.1％ ).(5) There were 38 deaths,including 28 males and 10 females,at ageof (19.29 ± 5.30) years.The death were mainly resulted from craniocerebral injuries (87％),which mainly concentrated in July ( 13.2％ ) and August ( 15.8％ ). Conclusions The present condition ofadolescent traffic injuries is not good enough.We should strengthen traffic security education,increase executive powers in the traffic rush and promote cooperation and communication in pre-hospital emergency,as may be beneficial for decreasing adolescent RTA.

Objective To investigate infection status and antimicrobial resistance mechanism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus(MRSA),and provide reference for the rational antimicrobial use in clinic. Methods Staphylococcusaureus (SA)isolated from various specimens in Xuzhou area in 2012-2015 were collected,MR-SA strains were preliminarily screened by cefoxitin disk diffusion method,and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene,antimicrobial resistance of MRSA was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)was measured by E-test method,genotypes of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec(SCCmec)were de-termined by multiplex PCR. Results A total of 116 strains of MRSA were identified among 210 SA strains in 2012-2015,114 of which were positive for mecA gene,the total detection rate of MRSA was 55.24% . Susceptibility rates of MRSA to vancomycin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,and linezolid were all 100% ,resistance rates of MRSA to chloramphenicol and furantoin were both low,which were 15.52% and 1.72% respectively,resistance rates of MR-SA to 10 kinds of antimicrobial agents were all>80% ;resistance rates of MRSA to penicillins,aminoglycosides, macrolides,quinolones,sulfanilamide,rifampicin,tetracycline,and clindamycin were all higher than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcusaureus(MSSA). MICs of vancomycin to MRSA in 2012-2015 were all 1.0μg/mL,MIC90 were all 1.5μg/mL,one MRSA isolate was with a vancomycin MIC of 2.0μg/mL in 2015. MRSA typing results of 116 MRSA isolates showed that SCCmec II,SCCmec III,and SCCmec IV accounted for 9.48% (n= 11),73.28% (n= 85),and 1.72% (Iva,n= 2;IVb,n= 2)respectively,13.79% (n= 16)of MRSA isolates were nontypeable, SCCmec I and SCCmec V type strains were not found. Conclusion MRSA is seriously multidrug-resistant,the drift has not been discovered in MIC value of vancomycin against MRSA,the major SCCmec genotype of MRSA is SCCmec III,infection control measures should be taken to control MRSA infection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of road traffic injury in Beijing.MethodsData of road traffic injuries of Beijing Changping Hospital in 2010 was collected for statistical analysis of the epidemiological features. ResultsA total of 990 cases of road traffic injuries were treated in Beijing Changping Hospital in 2010,with a male/female ratio of 2.57:1 and at average age of 45 yeats.There were 21 cases aged ＜ 18 years,703 cases aged 18-55 years and 266 cases aged ≥56 years.Self-employed individuals and fanning production staffs were the risky population that were easily subjected to road traffic injuries.Summer and autumn were the accident-prone seasons.The most common injury site was the lower limbs,next with the neck and head.The hospital stay was mainly in a range of 5-10 days (12.8 days on average).ConclusionsMale self-employed individuals and agricultural producers are the high-risk groups of road traffie accidents in the area,where shows a high occurrence of road traffic accidents in the summer and autumn.Thereby,traffic safety education and prevention-control measures based on these characteristics should be carried out to effectively reduce the number and severity of the local traffic injuries.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of activated microglia grafting on rats' hind limb motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.

METHODSMicroglia were separated from primary culture and subcultured for 3 generations. Lipopolysaccharide was added to the culture medium with the terminal concentration of 10 microl/L for microglia activation 3 days before transplantation. Totally 80 adult Wistar rats were divided into transplantation group and control group, with 40 rats in each group. Spinal cord injury model of rats was set by hitting onto the spinal cord using a modified Allen impactor. With a 5 microl micro-syringe, the activated microglia suspension was injected into the injured area 7 days after the first operation. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring for hind limb motor function was taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after microglia transplantation, and 8 rats were sacrificed at each time point mentioned above, respectively. Frozen sections of the spinal cord were made for haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Naoumenko-Feigin stainings. SPSS 11.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSBBB scores for hind limb motor function on the 14th, 21st, and 28th day were significantly higher compared with the control group. Most liquefaction necrosis areas disappeared and only a few multicystic cavities surrounded by aggregated microglia remained in the transplantation group. Naoumenko-Feigin staining for microglia showed that the transplantation group had significantly more positive cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGrafting of activated microglia into the injured spinal cord can significantly promote the hind limb motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury and reduce the size of liquefaction necrosis area. The extent of lower limb motor function improvement has a positive correlation with the number of aggregated microglia.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Hindlimb ; physiopathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microglia ; transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Overtraining is a condition characterized by various functional disorders or pathological states caused by continuous fatigue, which occurs after a persisting imbalance between training-related load and physical function and recovery. Generally speaking, it’s a state of imbalance between training and recovery, exercise and exercise performance, and stress and stress tolerance. Overtraining can cause various phenotypic changes or pathological remodeling, such as decreased skeletal muscle strength and exhaustive exercise endurance, skeletal muscle fatigue damage and dysfunction, skeletal muscle atrophy and loss, skeletal muscle glycogen depletion, skeletal muscle soreness and stiffness, skeletal muscle glucose intolerance, inattention, memory decline, anxiety, depression, abnormal emotions and behaviors, sleep disorders, cognitive function impairment, poor appetite, weight loss, liver/heart fat deposition, compensatory increase of liver/heart insulin signaling and glycogen storage, cardiac pathological hypertrophy, exercise-induced arrhythmias, myocardial fibrosis, ectopic and visceral fat deposition, and increased risk of injury. Unfortunately, its underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Recently, the enrichment of molecular and cellular signal pathway theory offers us a new explanatory paradigm for revealing its internal mechanisms. Based on the traditional explanation mechanisms and molecular and cellular signal pathway theory, we thoroughly analyzed the key mechanisms of health damage caused by overtraining from the perspective of oxidative stress, mitochondrial quality control disorder, inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, and so forth. Specifically, overtraining-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to serious oxidative stress damage in organisms at least via depressing Kelch like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) antioxidant pathway and activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. Overtraining induces mitochondrial quality control disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction, and thus triggers health impairment through inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, stimulating mitochondrial fission, and over-activating autophagy/mitophagy. Overtraining can also produce muscle, skeletal and joint trauma, then circulating monocytes are abundantly activated by injury-related cytokines, and in turn generate large quantities of proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, TNF‑α, causing systemic inflammation and inflammatory health injury. Overtraining induces excessive pathological endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and severe health damage via PERK-eIF2α, IRE1α-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways which activated by proinflammatory signals. Overtraining also induces excessive apoptosis and harmful health consequences via Bax/Bcl2-Caspase 3-mediated mitoptosis which activated by oxidative stress and inflammation or even CHOP and Caspase 12-dependent ERS apoptosis. Nonetheless, it should be importantly emphasized that oxidative stress and inflammation are the central and pre-emptive mechanisms of overtraining and its health damage. Although the efficient strategies for preventing and controlling overtraining are scientifically and reasonably arranging and planning training intensity, training volume, and recovery period, as well as accurately assessing and monitoring physical function status in the early stage, yet various anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, or anti-aging drugs such as curcumin, astaxanthin, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, silibinin, hibiscus sabdariffa, dasatinib, quercetin, hydroxytyrosol, complex probiotics, astragalus polysaccharides, semaglutide and fasudil also have an irreplaceable positive effect on preventing overtraining and its relevant health damage via depressing oxidative stress, mitochondrial quality control disorder, proinflammatory signals, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and so on. We hope that this review can help us further grasp the features, mechanisms and regularity of overtraining, and provide an important reference for athletes and sports fan to conduct scientific training, improve training effectiveness, extend exercise lifespan, and promote physical and mental health.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum lamin A(LMNA)and leukotriene(LT)B4 for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP).Methods A total of 83 HDP patients admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the HDP group and 83 healthy pregnant women in the same period were selected as the control group.According to the pregnancy outcome,the HDP patients were divided into a poor outcome group(38 cases)and a good outcome group(45 cases).Serum LMNA and LTB4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDP.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum LMNA and LTB4 levels for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDP.Results Compared with the control group,the serum LMNA level was decreased and the LTB4 level was increased in the HDP group(P＜0.05).Compared with the good outcome group,the serum LMNA level was significantly de-creased,and the LTB4 level was increased in the poor outcome group(P＜0.05).Preeclampsia,severe pre-eclampsia and elevated LTB4 level were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDP,and elevated LMNA level was an independent protective factor(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum LMNA and LTB4 levels in the diagnosis of adverse pregnancy outcomes of HDP patients was 0.873,which was larger than 0.787 and 0.786 of serum LMNA and LTB4 levels alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion De-creased serum LMNA and increased LTB4 levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDP.Combined detection of serum LMNA and LTB4 levels have a high diagnostic value for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDP.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hip osteoarthritis(HOA)after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoro-acetabular impingement(FAI)syndrome,and to reduce and prevent HOA.Methods From September 2018 to Septem-ber 2020,106 patients with FAI underwent hip arthroscopy,including 40 males and 66 females,aged from 20 to 55 years old with an average age of(33.05±10.19)years old.The mechanism of injury included 51 cases for sports injury,36 for traffic ac-cidents,and 19 for blunt object injury.The duration of the disease ranged from 5 to 19 days with an average of(12.02±3.69)days.All patients were followed up for 18 months.Patients were divided into HOA group(23 cases)and non-HOA group(83 cases)according to the occurrence of HOA.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of HOA after hip arthroscopy in FAI patients.Results By univariate analysis,aged from 50 to 70 years old,female,body mass index(BMI)＞30 kg·m-2,physical labor,cam type,postoperative infection,last follow-up hip degree of motion(range of motion,ROM)(flex-ion,abduction,adduction,internal rotation)and T?nnis grade 1 and above of the HOA group were higher than those of the non-HOA group(P＜0.05),and the relative appendicular skeletal muscle index(RASM)was lower than that of non-HOA group(P＜0.05).By multiple Logistic regression analysis,cam type,BMI＞30 kg·m-2,last follow-up hip internal rotation ROM and T?nnis grade 1 were risk factors for HOA after hip arthroscopy in FAI patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion FAI classification,body mass index,hip ROM and T?nnis grade are all related to HOA after hip arthroscopy in FAI patients.Follow-up and intervention should be strengthened in high-risk FAI patients to reduce the occurrence of HOA.

BACKGROUNDRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a worldwide issue associated with increasing development and motorization. However, statistical studies do not include any analyses of Beijing's geriatric population. Using data from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center, we present the main characteristics of traffic injuries involving the elderly in Beijing. We also provide objective information for those concerned with the safety of traffic systems and the prevention of traffic injuries.

METHODSIn a longitudinal, retrospective study, data were collected on 1706 victims aged 65 years and older who sustained traffic injuries in Beijing between 2004 and 2010. Personal information, time of injury event, emergency care response time, road user type, striking vehicle type, injury site, and severity of injury were analyzed using χ(2) tests and Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe annual rate of traffic injuries was 21.80 per 100 000 elderly people in Beijing, and the morbidity rate decreased from 2004 to 2010 (P < 0.001). The mean age was (72.92 ± 5.67) years, and 911 (53.40%) of the victims were male. The majority of victims sustained head and lower limb injuries and were classified as being of medium severity. Traffic collisions occurred most frequently in the daytime excluding rush hours; these collisions included being hit by a car (85.64%) and pedestrian victim injuries (79.19%). Our statistical analysis found three factors for injury severity: abdominal injuries (P < 0.001), number of injury sites (P = 0.027), and head injuries (P = 0.034). The decline in traffic injuries is due to a decrease in victims aged 65-74 years and pedestrians; the severity of RTIs also decreased.

CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the declining trend in traffic injuries among older adults in Beijing. However, traffic injuries remain a serious public health problem for the elderly and effective measures are required to reduce their incidence.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation in patients with lumbar Brucellosis spondylitis.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients admitted from October 2017 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,2 patients were lost to follow-up at 10 months after surgery,at the final 22 cases were included in the study,including 13 males and 9 females with an average age of(52.00±6.89)years old,were treated with one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,follow-up time,ery-throcyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)before and after operation were recorded.The pain visual ana-logue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score for neurofunction,American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)spinal cord injury grade and modified MacNab criteria were ussed to evaluate the efficacy.Results All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of(17.41±4.45)months.The operation time was 70 to 155 min with an average of(1 16.59±24.32)min;the intraoperative bleeding volume was 120 to 520 ml with an average of(275.00±97.53)ml.CRP and ESR levels decreased more significantly at 1 week and at the final follow-up than pre-operative levels(P＜0.05).VAS,JOA score and ODI at 1 week and at the latest follow-up were more significantly improved than preoperative results(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between ASIA preoperative and 1 week after operation(P＞0.05),and a significant difference between preoperative and last follow-up(P＜0.05).In the final follow-up,21 patients had ex-cellent efficacy,1 patient had fair,and there was no recurrence during the follow-up.Conclusion One-stage transpedicular le-sion removal and internal spinal fixation,with few incisions and short operation time,helps the recovery of neurological func-tion,and the prognosis meets the clinical requirements,which can effectively control Brucella spondylitis.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a new highly infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. Recently, the number of new cases infected pneumonia in the world continues to increase, which has aroused great concern from the international community. At present, there are no small-molecule specific anti-viral drugs for the treatment. The high mortality rate seriously threatens human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique health resource in China. The combination of TCM and Western medicine has played a positive and important role in combating COVID-19 in China. In this review, through literature mining and analysis, it was found that TCM has the potential to prevent and treat the COVID-19. Then, the network pharmacological studies demonstrated that TCM played roles of anti-virus, anti-inflammation and immunoregulation in the management of COVID-19 via multiple components acting on multiple targets and multiple pathways. Finally, clinical researches also confirmed the beneficial effects of TCM on the treatment of patients. This review may provide meaningful and useful information on further drug development of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/trends* ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects*