Objective To explore the effects of tamoxifen on the proliferation of SHG-44 glioma cells and the currents of sodium channel. Methods The cell activity was detected by MTT. The alteration of cellular proliferation and apoptosis were dectected by flow cytometer. Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the Na currents.Results After treatment with tamoxifen,the cells began aging and shedding and cell counting decreased.The cells in G2/M cell cycle were more than that in control and the apoptosis ration increased. Tamoxifen significantly decreased the amplitude of Na currents of SHG-44 cell line.This blocking effect was dose-dependent and voltage-dependent.When the holding potential was 0 mV, 8 ?mol/L tamoxifen could block this currents by 69%.The half inhibition concentration(IC50) was 5.54 ?mol/L. Conclusion Tamoxifen can inhibit SHG-44 glioma cells proliferation.The inhibion of sodium channel may be one of its mechanisms.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estrogen Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

Objective To verify the application value of the Oxford classification in child IgA nephropathy (IgAN) .Methods The clinical and pathological data by renal biospy in 123 children patients with IgAN from January 2010 to September 2013 were collected and retrospectively analyzed .84 cases were followed up .The results were divided into 4 grades(A ,B ,C ,D) based on the manifestations at the end of follow‐up .Finally the pathological analysis was performed .Results Among 123 cases ,the clinical man‐ifestations were dominated by nephrotic syndrome (42 .28% ) ,followed by hematuria complicating proteinuria (24 .39% ) .The scores of 4 pathological indexes were dominated by M 1 (82 .11% ) ,E1 (53 .66% ) ,S0 (59 .35% ) and T0 (82 .11% ) respectively ;the mesangial cells proliferation and endocapillary proliferation were related with the hematuria severity (P<0 .01);mesangial cells pro‐liferation ,endocapillary proliferation and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the edema occurrence ( P<0 .05);the mesangial cells proliferation ,segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the average arterial pressure increase(P<0 .05) .4 pathological indexes were related with 24 h urinary protein amount(P<0 .01);the segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the decrease of the estimated glo‐merular filtration rate(P<0 .01) .84 cases were successfully followed up ,the clinical outcome was grade A in 43 cases(51 .19% ) , grade B in 30 cases(31 .71% ) ,grade C in 8 cases(9 .52% ) and grade D in 3 cases(3 .57% ) .Only the renal tubule atrophy/intersti‐tial fibrosis was related with prognosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The Oxford classification has certain relation with clinical indexes of children with IgAN .Only the renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis are the risk factors of prognosis .

Objective To summarize surgical strategies and skills against aneurysms of posterior circulation .Methods Twenty-one cases of posterior circulation aneurysms who had undergone microsurgery between March 2008 and March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively .Two of these cases had their basilar artery aneurysms clipped via the pterion approach and five through the subtemporal approach .Five posterior cerebral artery aneurysms were clipped via the subtemporal approach , two anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms were clipped via the retrosigmoid approach , three posterior inferior cerebel-lar artery aneurysms were clipped through the far lateral approach , and two vertebral artery aneurysms were clipped similar-ly approach.Results All the aneurysms were clipped successfully .According to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), the cura-tive effect was poor in 3 cases(GOS 2-3 points), good in 16 cases(GOS 4-5 points) and 2 patients died(GOS 1 point). Conclusion Aneurysms of posterior circulation can be treated through microsurgery .Proper surgical strategies , operative ap-proach and delicate surgical skills are critical to the success of surgeries and curative effects .

Objective To study the relevance of 1iver fibrosis at Kasai procedure with age, degree of pathological changes of liver tissue, header bile ductuler proliferation and pathological feature of portal fibrous tissue in biliary atresia patients. Methods From January 2013 to June 2016, 48 biliary atresia patients accepted Kasai procedure, and liver tissue biopsy and portal fibrous tissue excision was done. Level of liver fibrosis was evaluated under microscope using Masson trichrome staining and HE staining, and extent of ductular reaction was evaluated using CKl9 immunohistochemistry staining with image analysis technology. Based on classification of Okamoto severity degree of liver fibrosis, forty eight patients were divided into two groups:low-grade liver fibrosis group (23 patients)and severe liver fibrosis group (25 patients). The relevance of age at Kasai procedure, liver pathological changes, header bile ductuler proliferation, portal fibrous tissue in volume and bile ductuler proliferation, inflammation reaction with severity degree of liver fibrosis was analyzed with SPSSl6.0 software statistically. Results Age of severe 1iver fibrosis group at Kasai procedure were 38- 89 d, and the mean age was (62.64 ± 14.92) d. Age of low-grade 1iver fibrosis group were 18- 92 d, and the mean age was (53.13 ± 16.89) d. There was significant difference (t=2.071, P=0.044). Mean number of patients with header bile ductuler proliferation at Kasai procedure in severe 1iver fibrosis group and low-grade 1iver fibrosis group were (17.28 ± 4.31) cases and (11.39 ± 4.00) cases, and there was significant difference (t=4.900, P=0.000). There was significant difference in degree of hepatocellular pathological changes at Kasai procedure between groups (χ2 =4.691, P=0.030). There were no significant differences in the volume of portal fibrous tissue in volume (t=0.276, P=0.784), portal bile ducts proliferation (t=0.53, P=0.60) and inflammation reaction (χ2=3.074, P=0.080) between groups. Conclusions There is significant relevance between the degree of 1iver fibrosis in biliary atresia patients at Kasai procedure and age, level of hepatocellular pathological change and degree of header bile ductuler proliferation , The more older the age, the more sever the hepatocellular pathological change and the bile ductuler proliferation, the more sever the liver fibrous.

objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jianguguben capsule on osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid in rats.Methods:The rats were given retinoic acid 75mg(kg/d)for 2 weeks by intragastric administration,at the same time treated with different drugs according to various groups consecutive for 4 weeks.The bone mine density(BMD)and bone mine capacity(BMC)were assayed by double energy X-ray bone-densitometry equipment,the blood was collected to assay the activity of StrACP in serum,and the hydroxyproline(HOP)contents of femur by commercial kits,the bone’s biomechanics of femur were detected.Results:Jianguguben capsule could significantly improve the bone’s biomechanics,increase the BMD, BMC,index of dry femur’weight,the contents of HOP in femur significantly,and remarkable decrease the level of StrACP in serum of the osteoporotic rats induced by retinoic acid.Conclusion:Jiangguguben capsule has anti-osteoporotic effect on osteoporotic rats induced by retinoic acid.

Objective To investigate the operative techniques of microsurgery treatment of M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms via pterional approach in 132 cases.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestation,angiograms,and surgical operation data of 132 patients with M1 segment of MCA aneurysms who underwent microsurgery through pterional approach.Results Preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was conducted in 121 cases to identify the size,shape,orientation and relationship with blood vessels around the MCA aneurysms.The other 11 cases underwent emergency operation.Among the 132 cases,72 patients were discharged in good condition according to Glasgow Outcome Scale; 41 patients were in poor condition; 19 cases were dead or in predying state.Postoperative CT showed that49 cases occurred new infarction and 7 cases developed hydrocephalus or enlargement of ventricles.Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was conducted in 2 cases.Intraoperation rupture and bleeding of aneurysms occurred in 17 cases.Conclusion The aneurysms in M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery are mostly located in the bifurcation of M1 segment.Most branches and perforating arteries stem from middle cerebral artery trunk.Patients with Hunt-hess grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ MCA aneurysms or with Hunt-hess grade Ⅳ,Ⅴ should be treated with microsurgery as soon as possible.Inside Sylvian fissure approach is the most frequently adopted in microsurgery via pterional approach.It is key for the success of the operation to preoperatively understand the anatomy surrounding the aneurysms,have good microsurgical skills and employ correct methods of preventing and managing of rupture of aneurysm.It can relieve the secondary cerebral vasospasm to clear up hematocele in the cisterns or to wash the cisterns or use adhesive wound dressing on blood vessels during operation using papaverine.

Objective To explore the interaction between polymorphisms of rs17222919 which located in the 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) gene promoter and environmental risk factors in ischemic stroke(IS).Methods We conducted a case-control study involving a total of 622 cases and 631 unrelated healthy controls which were selected from Henan Han populations,and the environment risk factors were recorded.Genotyping aimed at detecting both genetic and environmental factors in relation to IS was performed by TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction technology while interaction indexes (Υ) were calculated to determine interactions and their role models.Results The rs17222919 TG (189/622,30.4％),GG (18/622,2.9％)genotype frequencies and G (225/1244,18.1％)allele frequencies in IS subjects were significantly lower than those in controls (221/631,35.0％ ; 31/631,4.9％ ; 283/1262,22.4％ ; x2 =4.117,P =0.042 ; x2 =4.457,P =0.035 ; x2 =7.294,P =0.007).Negative interactions between TG + GG genotype and hypertension,diabetes or cigarette smoking in the occurrence of IS (Υ =0.943,0.922,0.830) were observed,whose role models were all super-multiplicative models.Conclusions According to our study,ischemic stroke is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and G allele of rs17222919 may have weakened the role of environmental factors for hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking in IS incidence.

AIMTo explore the effect of tamoxifen on voltage-dependent sodium channels in SHG-44 glioma cell line.

METHODSWhole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the Na currents in SHG-44 cell line and to investigate the effect of tamoxifen of different concentration on this channel currents.

RESULTSThis channel activated and inactivated quickly. Tamoxifen could significantly decrease the amplitude of Na currents of SHG-44 cell line. This block effect was dose dependent and voltage dependent. When the holding potential was 0 mV, 8 micromol/L tamoxifen could block this currents 69%. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) was 5.54 micromol/L.

CONCLUSIONTamoxifen could significantly block the voltage dependent sodium channel in malignant glioma cell line SHG-44. It might be one of the mechanisms that tamoxifen inhibit glioma proliferation. clamp technique was used to record the Na currents in SHG-44 cell line and to investigate the effect of tamoxifen of different concentration on this channel currents.

RESULTSThis channel activated and inactivated quickly. Tamoxifen could significantly decrease the amplitude of Na currents of SHG-44 cell line. This block effect was dose dependent and voltage dependent. When the holding potential was 0 mV, 8 micromol/L tamoxifen could block this currents 69%. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) was 5.54 micromol/L.

CONCLUSIONTamoxifen could signifi-cantly block the voltage dependent sodium channel in malignant glioma cell line SHG-44. It might be one of the mechanisms that tamoxifen inhibit glioma proliferation.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; pharmacology ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

There are abundant anastomotic branches among the branches of coronary artery. When the main coronary artery is occluded, the coronary collateral circulation is formed, which increases the local perfusion of ischemic myocardium and reduces the area of myocardial infarction. There are two main forms of coronary collateral circulation: arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. When coronary artery occlusion occurs, different types of inflammatory cells are recruited into the collateral circulation formation area, which plays an important role in coronary collateral circulation formation. This article discusses the effects of different types of inflammatory cells on the formation of coronary collateral circulation, and further describes the contributory factors of poor coronary collateral circulation formation in diabetic patients.