Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Aged ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles

Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

Objective To analyse the distribution and evolution law of TCM syndrome for elderly hypertension (EH), to provide evidence for syndrome standardization study. Methods Case history of 2 029 EH patients during recent ten years were investigated in the way of epidemiology. The main and complicated syndrome types were studied. Results The main syndrome types of EH were yin deficiency of liver and kidney (40.0%), kidney qi deficiency (28.4%), hyperactivity of liver-yang (9.7%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (7.4%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (6.6%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.7%), liver-fire hyperactivity (1.1%). The complicated syndrome types were liver-fire hyperactivity (26.5%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (9.6%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (7.2%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.5%), kidney yin deficiency (3.7%). Conclusion The distribution of EH TCM syndrome is mainly about deficiency syndromes, in which kidney qi deficiency syndrome is very common, and mostly complicated with phlegm and blood.

Macrophages,as an important member of innate immune system,constitute a major component of the microenvironment of tumours,and play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor.According to particular phenotypes and functions,macrophages can be divided into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages.In the research of breast cancer,lung cancer,gynecological malignancies,researchers have found that tumor-associated macrophage has the similar phenotype and function of M2 macrophages.Tumor-associated macrophage can promote the formation of new blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue,thus contributing to the occurrence and development of tumor.The relation between tumor-associated macrophage and poor prognosis was also be found.The tumor microenvironment can affect the phenotype and function of macrophages,such as TGF,IL-10 and PGE-2.This paper reviewed the role and mechanism of macrophages in the tumorigenesis.

Objective To compare the effect of set-up errors to two different body positions that are putting arms on the side of the body (A group) or placing arms folded across the elbow on forehead (B group) in esophageal cancer' fraction radiotherapy.Methods By using case-control study,all supine patients were divided into the A group and the B group.After patients were fixed by thermoplastic membrane,they were located by spiral CT and treated by using IGRT.During treatmwnt,there were three cone-beam CT scans in the first week and then at least one scan weekly.We obtained the linear set-up errors data by using bone registration with manual proofreading in 3 directions that were left and right (x),head and feet (y),abdomen and back (z) by using CBCT.Means were compared by using independent sample t-test,and ratios were compared by chi-square test.Results Every group had 11 cases that the A group had 92 people times and the B group had 87 people times.Absolute set-up errors of two different positions:only x-axis,the mean of the A group was (2.46 ± 1.79) mm.But the mean of the B group was (1.91 ± 1.71)mm,which was significantly less than the A group (P =0.036).Relative set-up errors of two groups:only y-axis,the mean of the B group was (1.91 ± 4.12) mm.The A group was (0.09 ± 3.90) mm,which was significantly less than the B group (P =0.003).There was no significant difference of three-dimensional set-up errors (P=0.751).And there was no significant difference in absolute weekly set-up errors or weekly three-dimensional set-up errors in radiotherapy (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The each of two body positions in esophageal cancer' fraction radiotherapy has advantage and disadvantage for set-up errors,but they were in control and didn't affect the radiotherapy planning.We can choose appropriate treatment position according to clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: The deficiency of perfect animal femoral head necrosis model limited its further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of establishing rabbit femoral head necrosis models using liquid nitrogen rsfdgeration method, and to provide a foundation for subsequent research. METHODS: A total of 20 adult, New Zealand, white rabbits were selected in the study. The round ligament of femur was not cut off and femoral head was not dislocated, and the exposed femoral head were quick frozen using cotton bud carrying liquid nitrogen for successive 25 times, with 10 s per time. The specimens were examined by gross anatomy, X-ray film, MRI and histological observation at day 3, 7 and weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The histolOgical section showed that chondrocyte, osteccyts, and myelold tissues presented necrosis in freezing and periphery at 3days after model preparation, and the repair process appeared at 2weeks after operation. The articular surface of femoral heads appeared collapse at 4 weeks after operation, and these changes became obvious at 6 weeks. The femoral head presented ostecarthdtis-like disorder, with seriously collapsed articular surface at8 weeks, and the contour of femoral head changed in 2 animals. The results demonstrated that without hip dislocation, rabbit femoral head necrosis models can be established successfully using liquid nitrogen refrigeration method. This method is simple, feesible, with high succeed rate, which can be used in subsequent research.

Objective To evaluate the application of time to positivity (TTP)in differential diagnosis of intracranial infection caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS).Methods One hundred and twenty-four adult patients with positive CNS isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)including 70 cases with intracranial infection and 54 cases of CSF contamination,who were admitted in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during January to December 201 5,were retrospectively analyzed.The difference of TTP between two groups was compared,receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was analyzed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC)was calculated.The application of TTP in differential diagnosis of CNS infection was evaluated.SPSS 1 8.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results TTP in intracranial infection group was shorter than that in CSF contamination group [(23.5 ±7.5 )h vs. (37.6 ±1 0.5)h,t =-8.71 7,P =0.000].The AUC of TTP was 0.854.Taking the cut-off value of 27.94 h,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values in differentiation of two groups were 72.7%,91 .4%,90.0% and 72.2%,respectively.There were statistically differences in TTP of Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus capitis between two groups (Z =-4.496,-2.322 and -2.399,respectively,P <0.05 or <0.01 ).Conclusion TTP can be used to discriminate early intracranial infection and CSF contamination caused by CNS,and also can identify intracranial infection caused by different categories of CNS.

Objective]To explore the aberrant expression of SOD1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues,as well as in NPC cell lines,then to observe the effect of SOD1 on NPC cells metastatic ability and investigate the intrinsic?mechanism.[Methods]Immunohistochemical technique was used to examine SOD1 expression in carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues(n=10). Small interfering RNAs and inhibitor LCS-1 were used to knockdown of SOD1 expression and inhibit SOD1 activity, respectively. Then,wound healing test and migration assay were applied to detect cell metastatic ability in vitro. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to analyze the expression of EMT-related genes(E-cadherin,Vimentin,Twist).[Results]SOD1 was found to be significantly up-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues(n = 7 ,70%),compared to control. SOD1 was also highly expressed in highly metastatic potential NPC cell lines(CNE2,5-8F,S18)compared with low metastatic ability cell lines(6-10B). Knockdown SOD1 expression or inhibit SOD1 activity suppress cell motility in CNE2 and 5-8F cells. Finally,we demonstrate that SOD1 inhibition plays a role in induction of epithelial marker E-cadherin and has an opposite effect on mesenchymal marker vimen tin and transcriptional factor twist.[Conclusion]These results suggest that SOD1 contributes to EMT and might be important for tumor metastasis in NPC.

Objective To assess the awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screen-ing and human papillomavirus(HPV)of women in Chengdu.Methods A total of 1 077 women aged 19 -71 years old were recruited and assessed in their awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and its issues.The collection of data was based on the questionnaire items.Results The awareness rates of cervical cancer,cervical cancer screen-ing,and HPV were 71.1%,23.2%,16.0%,respectively.There were significant differences in the awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening and HPV between different ages(χ2 =89.238,16.532, 20.182,all P <0.05).The awareness of people(>40 -50 years old)was highest,the awareness rates of cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening,and HPV were 81.3%,27.7%,20.2% respectively.There were significant differ-ences in the awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening and HPV between different marital status(χ2 =60.899,20.853,16.255,all P <0.05).There were significant differences in the awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening and HPV between different education levels (χ2 =228.026,42.648,32.495,all P <0.05 ).The awareness of people accepted university education was highest,the awareness rates of cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening,and HPV were 87.6%,30.9%,21.6% respectively. There were significant differences in the awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening and HPV between different income levels(χ2 =21.604,8.124,9.224,all P <0.05).Conclusion This study demon-strates a very low level of knowledge about cervical cancer,cervical cancer screening and HPV of women in Chengdu. In order to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cervical cancer in Chengdu,it is strongly needed to make exten-sive health education to raise awareness of cervical cancer and HPV.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of P-glycoprotein in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods One hundred and seventy-one cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to the expression of ER,PR,Her2,we categorized those paitents into triple negative breast cancer group (58 cases) and non triple negative breast cancer group (113 cases).The different expression of P-glycoprotein was detected by immunohistochemieal technology in two groups.We analyzed the relationship between the expression of P-glycoprotein and clinical and pathological features in TNBC,and investigated the effect of P-gp on the rate of recurrence and metastasis in 3 years.Results (1) The expression of P-gp in TN BC was significantly higher than that of NTNBC (53.45％ vs 37.17％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The expression of P-gp in TNBC was associated with TNM stage,histological grade,lymph node status and vascular invasion (P ＜ 0.05),but not with age and size of the tumor (P ＞ 0.05).(3) The rate of recurrence and metastasis in positive expression of P-gp in TNBC was 58.06％,which was significantly higher than negative expression of P-gp in TNBC (44.44％),but no statistically significant was found(P ＞ 0.05).Survival analysis showed that P-glycoprotein expression had no relationshiop to 3-year cumulative survival rate (P =0.161 ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The positive expression of P-gp in TNBC is associated with drug resistance and metastasis,but has no obvious significance to recurrence and metastasis,so as to 3-year cumulative survival rate.