BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation has been shown to have many advantages in treatment of diseases. Its application can treat various diseases in many systems such as nervous system, immune system and endocrine system. Its advantage is incomparable. These are al credit to the special abilities, including easy sample colection, strong self proliferative ability, wide differentiation range, repair of injured tissue and immunoloregulation. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical effects of stem cel transplantation in treatment of nonunion. METHODS:A computer search was performed in CNKI database for articles concerning stem cel transplantation for nonunion published from 2005 to 2014. The key words were stem cels, nonunion in Chinese. 244 articles were analyzed, and typical literatures were further compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cels have the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. Their source is not limited, and the sample colection is convenient. Stem cels have smal injury to the donor, do not have immunogenicity, and have fewer complications. The cost is low. Stem cels are easily isolated and cultured, can proliferate infinitely, and provide a pathway for severe bone injury such as nonunion, bone defects and comminuted fracture. The deep study of stem cels creates a new direction for nonunion treatment, and has achieved certain results in clinical trials.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the largest causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide for which there are very limited effective treatment options.The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) has rapidly become acknowledged as both critical mechanism for cellular biological function and a latent target of regulation of cancer-related disease.This review focus on the role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation factors(HBV、P27、NF-?B,et al),in order to find novel therapeutic interventions against the genesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Nowadays,with the rapid development of science and technology of medicine,the detection rate of obstructivc azoospermia increased gradually,clinically not uncommon.Surgical treatment of obstructive azoospermia is also improved from traditional vasovasostomy and epididymovasostomy to microsurgical vasovasos-tomy and microsurgical va-soepididymostomy,and from 3-suture intussusception vasoepididymostomy to 2-suture intussusception vasoepididymostomy,then our modified reverse single needle anastomosis,and finally to the robot assisted anastomosis.Therefore,the anastomosis is more precise,the recanalization rate and the pregnancy rate have a revolutionary improvement.The robot era is coming.The article focuses on surgical treatment of obstructive azoospermia,comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each operation,and prediction of the future direction of development.

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical compositions of the leaves of Iris tectorum. METHODS:Using 70% ethanol for extracting,silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to iso-late and purify the chemical compositions of the leaves of I. tectorum,the compound structures were analyzed and identified accord-ing to the physicochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS:12 compounds were isolated from the leaves of I. tectorum, namely 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6-methoxy isoflavone(1),tiliamin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),5-hydroxy- 4′,7- dimethoxy-isofla-vone(3),tectoridin(4),tectorigenin(5),iridin(6),dimethyl tectorigenin(7),genistein(8),protocatechuic acid(9),isorham-netin-7-O-β-D- glucoside (10),daucosterol (11),tetradecanoic acid (12). CONCLUSIONS:Compounds 1,2,3 are isolated from the plants of the genus for the first time,and the study has laid the foundation for the quality evaluation of I. tectorum.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of NBI assisted white light transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of bladder urothelial carcinoma and to summarize the experience of narrow band imaging (NBI) operation. METHODS: Patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma were selected, and TURBT was performed after anesthesia. First of all, the bladder tumor was found and resected under white light. Then we replaced with NBI, looked for suspicious lesions and resected them, The specimens excised under white light and NBI were collected separately. The number, location and pathological results of the lesions under white light were recorded, and the residual lesions under NBI were also recorded. To evaluate the effect of NBI, the ratio of residual bladder tumor was calculated. The cases were divided into three groups according to the time sequence. The clinical data of each group were collected and the learning curve of TURBT under NBI assisted white light was observed. RESULTS: A prospective study of 45 patients with bladder tumor from April 2018 to January 2020, including 32 males and 13 females, aged from 23 to 89 years, with an average age of 65.2 years. All the operations were successfully completed, without obvious complications after operation. Nine cases were single and 36 cases were multiple. The maximum diameter of the tumors was 0.5 to 4.0 cm, with an average of 2.2 cm. The histopathology of the resected tissue under white light was urothelial carcinoma, and 19 cases (42.2%) were pathologically positive by NBI resection. The 45 cases were divided into three groups according to the time sequence, 15 cases in each group. The true positive rate of NBI was 33.3%, 46.7% and 46.7%, respectively, and the false positive rate was 60.0%, 46.7% and 26.7%, respectively in the three groups. CONCLUSION TURBT is an effective way to treat bladder urothelial cancer, NBI is an effective supplement of white light, which can increase the detection rate of bladder cancer and reduce post-operative recurrence. The NBI light source has a certain learning curve. With the increase of cases, the false-positive rate of NBI is gradually reduced. After the NBI operator has rich experience, the recognition degree of flat tumor is gradually improved under white light, and the residual rate of NBI is reduced after the removal under white light.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cystoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prospective Studies ; Self-Control ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery* ; Young Adult

Objective:To evaluate the optimized effect of infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (IPACK)-adductor canal block (ACB) combined with general anesthesia when used for the total knee arthroplasty.Methods:Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective unilateral total knee arthroplasty, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: IPACK-ACB combined with general anesthesia group (group IA) and conventional anesthesia femoral nerve block-popliteal superior sciatic nerve block combined with general anesthesia group (group C). Before induction of general anaesthesia, 0.375% ropivacaine 15 ml was injected for IPACK and 0.375% ropivacaine 25 ml for ACB under the ultrasound guidance in group IA, femoral nerve block and popliteal superior sciatic nerve block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound combined with a nerve stimulator and 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected in group C. After confirming the efficacy of nerve block, total intravenous anesthesia was carried out to maintain bispectral index values at 40-60.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed with sufentanil after operation, and the visual analog scale score was maintained ≤ 3.The quadriceps muscle strength score was recorded when discharge from postanesthesia care unit and at 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery.The first postoperative off-bed time and development of foot drop in awake patients after surgery, requirement for rescue analgesia and adverse reactions were recorded.The postoperative length of hospital stay and score for patients′ satisfaction with postoperative recovery were also recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the postoperative quadriceps muscle strength scores and score for patients′ satisfaction with postoperative recovery were significantly increased, the incidence of postoperative foot drop was decreased, and the length of hospital stay and first postoperative off-bed time were shortened in group IA ( P<0.05). Conclusion:IPACK-ACB combined with general anesthesia may be an optimized strategy which is helpful for outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical features and gene mutation sites of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), in order to improve the understanding of CF to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 8 children with CF who were diagnosed in Hebei Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. RESULTS: Among the 8 children with CF, there were 5 boys and 3 girls, with an age of 3-48 months (median 8 months) at diagnosis, and the age of onset ranged from 0 to 24 months (median 2.5 months). Clinical manifestations included recurrent respiratory infection in 7 children, sinusitis in 3 children, bronchiectasis in 4 children, diarrhea in 8 children, fatty diarrhea in 3 children, suspected pancreatic insufficiency in 6 children, pancreatic cystic fibrosis in 1 child, malnutrition in 5 children, and pseudo-Bartter syndrome in 4 children. The most common respiratory pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 children). A total of 16 mutation sites were identified by high-throughput sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and Sanger sequencing, including 5 frameshift mutations, 4 nonsense mutations, 4 missense mutations, 2 exon deletions, and 1 splice mutation. CFTR mutations were found in all 8 children. p.G970D was the most common mutation (3 children), and F508del mutation was observed in one child. Four novel mutations were noted: deletion exon15, c.3796_3797dupGA(p.I1267Kfs*12), c.2328dupA(p.V777Sfs*2), and c.2950G>A(p.D984N). CONCLUSIONS p.G970D is the most common mutation type in children with CF. CF should be considered for children who have recurrent respiratory infection or test positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with or without digestive manifestations or pseudo-Bartter syndrome.
Bartter Syndrome ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics* ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics* ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies

Circular RNA (circRNA) is considered to be non-coding RNA due to the deletion of the 5' cap structure and lacks the function of encoding proteins or polypeptides. With the development of high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, ribosome sequencing and other technologies, researchers have discovered that there were short open reading frames (sORF) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) in the sequence of some circRNAs which can encode polypeptides or protein and play important roles in the proliferation of malignant tumors such as glioma, hepatoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. This paper reviews the coding function of circRNA and analyzes the role of its encoded production-polypeptides or protein in the proliferation mechanism of human malignant tumors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in the maturation and function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).

METHODSMature DCs (mDCs) induced by LPS were examined for GSK-3β phosphorylation level with Western blotting before and after LPS exposure. To explore the role of GSK-3β in maturation and function of DCs, we added SB216763, a selective inhibitor of GSK-3β, in the cell culture of immature DCs (iDCs), and examined CD40 and CD86 expressions in the cells by flow cytometry and the expression of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA by real-time PCR; the changes of the immunogenicity of the cells was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The expression of GSK-3β and RelB was examined by Western blotting in DC2.4 cells transfected with a lentiviral vector over-expressing murine GSK-3β gene.

RESULTSLPS exposure significantly lowered GSK-3β activity in iDCs as demonstrated by increased Ser9 phosphorylation and reduced Tyr216 phosphorylation. GSK-3β inhibition induced DC maturation by increasing the expression of surface costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, lowered the expressions of IL-6 and IL-12 while enhanced the expression of IL-10 in iDCs, and impaired mixed lymphocyte reaction of the cells. In DC2.4 cells, lentivirus-mediated over-expression of GSK-3β obviously down-regulated the expression of RelB.

CONCLUSIONSGSK-3β is a crucial enzyme involved in the differentiation and maintenance of an immature phenotype of DCs. GSK-3β is constitutively active in iDCs to inhibit their spontaneous maturation. DCs become phenotypically mature after inhibition of GSK-3β, which also executes a proinflammatory task in DC activation. The reduction of RelB protein levels as a result of GSK-3β overexpression supports GSK-3β as a new target for inducing tolerogenic DCs.

Animals ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD40 Antigens ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Dendritic Cells ; enzymology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Indoles ; chemistry ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lentivirus ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Maleimides ; chemistry ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells ; enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction