A study was made of the effects of carboxymethyl modified hemi-cellulose ( CMMH ) on the immune reaction in mice. When it was administered with 1.5% 300mg/kg ip daily for 5 d, CMMH remarkably enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate macro-phages(P

BACKGROUND:Alginate-chitosan microcapsule can improve the mechanical property of sodium alginate hydrogels. How to obtain the ideal sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsule and the prospect for application of the microcapsule system is the key to this study.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the preparation method and formation mechanism of alginate-chitosan microcapsules, to analyze several important factors affecting the strength of the microcapsule membrane, and to explore the prospects of alginate-chitosan microcapsules in immobilized celltechnology, in tissue engineering and as a drug carrier.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, Elsevier ScienceDirect, CNKI and Wanfang database (1987/2013) to retrieve literatures about the preparation method, formation mechanism and application prospect of alginate-chitosan microcapsules.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sodium alginate hydrogels have many advantages in drug release and tissue engineering, but its application is limited by gel dissolution phenomena and deficiencies in its mechanical properties. Chitosan-alginate microcapsules make up for the deficiency of sodium alginate hydrogels by electrostatic interactions to form polyelectrolyte complexes. By control ing the nature of the chitosan solution--the molecular weight of chitosan, pH and concentration of chitosan solution, we can prepare the microcapsules with high film strength. Alginate-chitosan microcapsules have shown broad application prospects in immobilization technology, drug release and tissue engineering.

Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Fentanyl ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Primary Cell Culture ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels ; drug effects

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused outbreaks of SARS-like disease with 35% case-fatality rate, mainly in the Middle East. A more severe outbreak of MERS occurred recently in the Republic of Korea, where 186 people contracted the infections, causing great concern worldwide. So far, there has been no clinically available drug for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection. The potential drugs against MERS-CoV mainly consist of monoclonal antibodies, peptides and small molecular agents. Small molecular agents have an advantage of easier synthesis, lower cost in production and relatively higher stability. There is better chance for those candidates to gain a quick development. This article reviews the progress of developing small molecular MERS-CoV agents.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; drug effects

Objective To compare the changes in serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)and uric acid(UA)before and after atorvastatin treatment for the patients with both essential hypertension and hypercholesterolemia,and to evaluate its effects on blood pressure and left ventricular remodeling.Methods One hundred and twenty-six hypertensive patients complicated with hypercholesterolemia were randomized into group A with amlodipine 10 mg/d(n = 65)and group B with amlodipine 10 mg/d plus atorvastatin 20 mg/d(n = 61),for three months continuously.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),triglyeerides(TG),hs-CRP and UA,as well as blood pressure,were determined for both groups before and after treatment.Left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LPWT)and interventricular septum thickness(IVST)were measured by echocardiography and left ventricle mass index(LVMI)was calculated.Results Serum levels of TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,hs-CRP and UA decreased significantly in gr6up B after three-month treatment with atorvastatin,while serum level of HDL-C increased significantly. And,systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced in both groups,but significantly lower in group B than those in group A,after treatment(P

Objective To evaluate the safety of coronary intervention using iodixanol in patients with diabetic renal insufficiency.Methods Clinical data of 97 patients with diabetic renal insufficiency undergoing coronary intervention during June 2004 to June 2006 were retrospectively analyzed,50 of them with iodixanol,an iso-osmolar contrast medium (iodixanol group),and 47 with iopromide,a hypotanic contrast medium (iopromide group).Judkin's coronary angiography showed 167 diseased vessels in the patients,65 in anterior descending branches,44 in circumflex branches,and 58 in right coronary arteries. Levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were determined before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),on the day of the procedure,the 3rd and 7th days after PCI,respectively,as well as radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) was observed.Results Totally,192 drug-eluting stents were successfully implanted in 167 diseased vessels,and all patients' angina pectoris symptom disappeared soon after the procedure,with a full success.No acute or subacute stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred.Two patients (4%) in iodixanol group and 10 (21%) in iopromide group got CIN,with a statistical significance (P

From the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Aspergillus niger F044 lipase,a potential homologous gene A84689 to the anl(the gene encoding the Aspergillus niger lipase)was found by means of bioinformatics.Based on the nucleotide sequence of the A84689,primers were designed to amplify anl.Nucleotide sequencing of the genomic anl gene revealed an open reading frame of 1 044 nucleotides,containing three introns(54,45 and 51 nucleotides).The deduced amino acid sequence of the anl gene corresponds to 297 amino acid residues including a signal sequence of 27 amino acid residues.The cloned cDNA coding for mature Anl(the protein of the Aspergillus niger lipase)was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(De3),and the recombinant Anl was purified.The denatured recombinant Anl by 8mol/L urea was refolded in vitro by dilution and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography.

A lipase from Aspergillus niger F044 was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. This purification protocol resulted in a 73.71-fold purification of lipase with 33.99% final yield, and the relative molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be approximately 35-40kD using SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for lipolytic activity of the lipase was 7.0 and 45 degrees C , respectively. It was extremely stable at 60 degrees C and retained 98.70% of its original activity for 30min. The stability declined rapidly as soon as the temperature rose over 65 degrees C . The lipase was highly stable in the pH range from 2.0 to 9.0 for 4h. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions stimulated lipolytic activity, whereas Mn2+ , Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions caused inhibition. The values of Km and Vmax calculated from the Lineweaver-Burk plot using pNPP as hydrolysis substrate were 7.37mmol/L and 25.91 micromol/(min x mg), respectively. The N-terminal sequence of the lipase was Ser/Glu/His-Val-Ser-Thr-Ser-Thr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Leu-Gln-Leu-Phe-Ala-Gln, which is highly homogeneity with that of lipase, as reported by Torossian.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspergillus niger ; enzymology ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme Stability ; Fungal Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipase ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Temperature

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Delayed Graft Function ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Transplantation ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To report a peliosis hepatic in child and review literature and discuss.Methods Case history was inquired.Physical,labtoratory,imagement and histopathology of liver biopsy(HE staining) were examed.Results A 4-year old girl appeared dermatitis with erythema and herpes at local skin where was bit by insect before onset.The girl appeared fever,cough,then abdominal pain,hepatomegaly,pleural effusion and ascites.Lab examination revealed slight elevation of aspartate transaminase,?-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase.The liver B-mode ultrasonography and CT scan revealed hepatomegaly with density heterogeneity of the parenchyma.The liver biopsy revealed many small capsule filled with blood cells.Conclusions Clinical characteristics of the disease are fever,upper abdomen pain,janundice,ascites and hepatomegaly.The diagnosis shall be combined with the pathologic biopsy of liver.