The concentration of 5 nucleosides, uracil, uridine, guanidine, adenine and adenosine in culture of Paecilomyces hepialid was determined by the developed method of HPLC. The HPLC method was performed on a Waters SunFire C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) column with methanol-water gradient elution as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 260 nm and the colunmn temperature was controlled at 30 °C. The linear range was 10.00-200.00 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9994) for uracil, 10.10-202.00 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9992) for uridine, 10.00-200.00 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9991) for guanidine, 10.30-206.00 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9992) for adenine and 10.45-209.00 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9991) for adenosine, respectively. The RSD of precision was 0.032%, 0.035%, 0.039%, 0.049%, 0.00080%, respectively. The average recoveries of uracil, guanidine, adenine, and adenosine were 97.34%, 99.10%, 101.6%, 98.61% and 100.2% with RSD of 1.3%, 2.1%, 0.96%, 0.95%, and 1.3% respectively. The method showed high sensitivity, good selectivity, linearity and repeatability, which was suitable for the content analysis of 5 nucleosides components in P. hepialid and its extracts.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Nucleosides ; analysis ; Paecilomyces ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the blood supply features and effectiveness of arterial chemoembolization for pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Angiography and chemoembolization via supplying blood arteries of tumor were performed in five patients with pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Interventional procedure was carried out with tumor vascular infusion of 350 mg hot elemene emulsion and tumor embolization by cisplantin-lipidol emulsion(cisplantin 60-80 mg+lipidol 8-15 ml)and glutin.Results Ten interventional procedures(TACE)were undertaken in 5 patients.Angiography showed that tumor blood supply mainly coming from collateral circulation adjacent to the tumors,but partially from hepatic artery.Tumor sizes decreased from 30% to 50% in 5 cases,and AFP declined in 4 cases after the treatment. Conclusion Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma possessing different blood supply features from intrahepatocellular carcinomas.But transarterial ehemoembolization is still an effective method of choice for this treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of the HBV-infected mothers' PBMC in intrauterine transmission of HBV to their fetuses.

METHODSThirty pregnant women with serum HBV DNA negative and PBMC HBV DNA positive and their newborns were used as the study group. Ten pregnant women with serum HBV negative and their infants served as the control group. HBV DNA in serum and in PBMC was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR). The mothers' PBMC in newborns' peripheral blood was examined using heminested-PCR.

RESULTSFour newborns were serum HBV DNA positive and 8 newborns were HBV DNA positive in PBMC in the study group. Among them, 2 newborns were HBV DNA positive in both serum and PBMC, 6 cases were positive in PBMC only, and 2 cases were positive in serum only. Five mothers had the GSTM1 gene; and it was not detected in 3 newborns. Among the 8 newborns with HBV DNA positive in PBMC, 3 did not have the GSTM1 gene, at the same time their mothers possessed the GSTM1 gene. Mothers' PBMC were detected in all of these three newborns' peripheral blood. HBV DNA in serum and in PBMC of the control group infants were all negative.

CONCLUSIONHBV-infected PBMC of the mother may serve as a vector in HBV intrauterine infection.

Adult ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; virology

Adult ; Foot Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Melorheostosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; X-Rays

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To observe the changing laws of the protein expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in rat hippocampal subfields following focal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to study the effects of sodium tanshinone B (STB) on it, thus exploring the possible mechanism of STB for treating cerebral ischemia.

METHODSThe rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by reversibly inserting a nylon thread. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the I/R model group, and the low, middle, and high dose STB groups. The neural functional disturbance was scored referring to the 5-grade Zea Longa EL standard. The protein expression of NMDAR1 in the ischemic side was detected using immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSThere was statistical difference in the scores of the neural functional disturbance in the middle and high dose STB groups when compared with the model group (P < 0.01). Results of the immunohistochemical assay showed the expression of NMDAR1 in CA1 region was obviously higher in the I/R model group, the low and middle dose STB groups than in the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). The expression of NMDAR1 in CA1 region was obviously lower in the high dose STB group than in the I/R model group (P < 0.01), the low (P < 0.01) and middle dose STB groups (P < 0.05). The expression of NMDAR1 in CA3 region was obviously higher in the low dose STB group and the I/R model group than in the sham-operation group, the middle and high dose STB groups (P < 0.01). The expression of NMDAR1 in CA3 region was obviously higher in the high and middle dose STB groups than in the sham-operation group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSTB could promote the recovery of neural functions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. STB fought against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering excitable neurotransmitter glumatic acid and reducing the protein expression of NMDAR1.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effects of comprehensive measures of changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement on prevention of children's Kashin-Beck disease in Aba state.Methods Fifty eight villages in Aba Kashin-Beck disease areas were chosen as intervention points in Aba state Sichuan province from 2007 to 2011.Based on the implementation of prevention and control measures,the villages were divided into off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group,Geletuo town of Seda county,Ganzi state was selected as a control point,and right-hand anteroposterior X-ray examination(including the wrist) was carried out on children aged 6-13 from 2007 to 2011 annually.Clinical and X-ray diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease was made in accordance with the Diagnostic Criteria of Kaschin-Beck Disease(GB 16003-1995).The effects of prevention and control measures were evaluated by comparing the child X-ray detection rate before and after the implementation of the measures.Results The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention points was 2.07％(66/3181),2.72％ (69/2540),1.16％ (35/3017),0.56％ (19/3397) and 0.56％ (24/4273),respectively from 2007 to 2011,with a downward trend (x2trend =66.74,P ＜ 0.01).There was a downward trend in the average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [1.60％(29/1809),2.63％ (39/1484),1.29％ (25/1941),0.64％ (15/2332),0.42％ (10/2379)] and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [2.70％ (37/1372),2.84％ (30/1056),0.93％(10/1076),0.38％ (4/1065),0.74％(14/1894)] (x2trend=30.97,35.19,all P ＜ 0.01).The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention group was 0 from 2007 to 2010,and was 1.61％ (1/62) in 2011.The difference of X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant in the control group in the 5 years from 2007 to 2011.The difference of children's X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant between control group and intervention group.Conclusions The effect of taking changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement comprehensive measures to prevent children's Kashin-Beck disease is not significant in those places where the state of Kaschin-Beck disease is not active.

Objective To evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)-specific cellular immunity in individuals with latent or active tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Methods One hundred HIV-infected individuals in Yunnan Province were enrolled. The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay using early secreted antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 was employed to detect M. tuberculosis-specific T cells in the peripheral blood. The absolute number of CD3+ CD4+and CD3+ CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood from the enrolled subjects were determined by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results The prevalence of latent tuberculosis co-infection in HIV-infected individuals without any clinical evidence of active tuberculosis was 67.6%. The absolute numbers of CD3+ CD4+ (532 × 106/L) and CD3+ CD8+ (473 × 106×/L) T cell in HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis co-infection were similar to those of only HIV-infeeted individuals (406 ×106×/L and 504 × 106/L). While those in HIV-infected individuals with active tuberculosis co-infection were 189 × 106/L and 293 × 106/L, respectively, which were both significantly lower than those in other two groups (U=168. 0,U=163. 0,U= 374. 0,U=147. 0, all P<0. 01). Furthermore, ESAT-6 (31/106 cells) and CFP-10 (82/106 cells) specific spot-forming cells in HIV-infected individuals with active tuberculosis co-infection were significantly less than those in HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis co-infection (92 × 106 cells and 109 × 106 cells, U= 507. 0,U= 529. 5, both P<0. 01). Conclusions The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals without any clinical evidence of active tuberculosis is high in China. Both overall cellular immunity and M. tuberculosis-specific immune response in HIV-positive individuals with active tuberculosis co-infection are severely impaired.

OBJECTIVEThe activity of deer serum albumin on proliferation of rat osteogenic-like cells UMR-106 and the IGF-I secretion were investigated in order to elucidate pilose antler's bone-strengthening mechanism.

METHODDeer serum albumin was isolated from freeze-dry pilose antler powder extract. The methods were Sephacryl S-200HR gel filtration, POROS 20QE ion-exchange and TSK G3000SW chromatographies. The effect of deer serum albumin on proliferatio of UMR-106 cells was assaied by MTT, and the secretion of IGF-I of UMR-106 cells was assaied by RIA.

RESULTDeer serum albumin, with the molecular weight of 56.3 kDa, significantly increased the proliferation rate of the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cell and IGF-I secretion. When concentration of deer serum albumin reached 0.149 microg x mL(-1), UMR-106 cell proliferation rate was 241.03% and IGF-I secretion was 66.89 ng x mL(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe concentration of deer serum albumin, from 14.9 ng x mL(-1) to 14.90 microg x mL(-1), significantly increased the proliferation rate of the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cell and IGF- I secretion.

Animals ; Antlers ; chemistry ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Deer ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; secretion ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Rats ; Serum Albumin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (MTW) for treatment of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.

METHODForty-five kidney transplant recipients with proternuria were randomized into 3 groups (n=15) and received full daily dose (1 mg/kg) MTW, half dose (0.5 mg/kg) MTW or no MTW (control) in addition to immunosuppressant therapy. The 24-hour urinary protein (24 h Upro), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), dose of ciclosporin and the adverse effects of MTW were recorded.

RESULTSMTW at both the full dose and half dose significantly reduced the 24 h Upro as compared to exclusive immunosuppressant therapy (P<0.05). The therapeutic dose of ciclosporin in patients with full and half dose of MTW was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the patients receiving full dose MTW showed greater adverse effects than those having half dose MTW (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMTW can significantly ameliorate proteinuria, reduce the therapeutic dose of ciclosporin and protect the renal function in kidney transplant recipients. While producing similar therapeutic effect to routine full dose, long-term use of half dose MTW may reduce the adverse effect associated with MTW.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glycosides ; therapeutic use ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyse the clinical features of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), accompanying with risk factors.

METHODSThe clinic data of 19 patients treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Guangzhou Children's Hospital between January 2005 to January 2008 were investigated retrospectively. Among them, 5 were < 2 years old, 6 with craniofacial deformity: small mandible and (or) mandibular retrusion (5 cases), transverse facial cleft (1 case), Down's syndrome (2 cases), cerebral palsy (2 cases), chronic bronchitis (3 cases) and mucopolysaccharidoses (1 case). Nineteen patients with symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing, were diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) and treated by tonsillectomy and (or) adenoidectomy in hospital. All patients were closely followed-up.

RESULTSFourteen patients underwent PSG 6 months to 1 year after operation, 11 patients recovered, the median [percentiles 25; percentiles 75] apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from the pre-operative 22.5 [16.5; 24.3] times/h to 2.0 [1.5; 4.3] times/h, and the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO(2)) before operation was 0.63, and was higher than 0.92 after operation, 1 case accompanying with chronic bronchitis, the pulmonary hypertension was improved after operation. One case with Down's syndrome was not significantly improved, preoperative AHI and LSaO(2) was 22.4 times/h and 0.67, and after operation was 14.2 and 0.84; 2 cases accepted adenoidectomy only, snoring, mouth breathing reappeared 3 months after operation, pre-operative PSG results showed AHI 24.6 times/h and 26.6 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.69 and 0.73, after operation the AHI was 10.6 times/h and 8.5 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.90 and 0.88, the symptoms disappeared after adenotonsillectomy. Five cases did not have PSG because they lived far away in the other cities, their pre-operative PSG showed AHI 16.4 to 26.2 times/h, LSaO(2) was 0.65 to 0.76. One year after operation, these patients were followed-up by telephone, 4 children were significantly improved, 1 case with mandibular symptoms showed no improvement.

CONCLUSIONSFor OSAHS children accompanying with risk factors, if they have adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy, adenotonsillectomy is the major treatment. Because of the existence of risk factors, perioperative risk increased, even the failure of operation. so these patients must be comprehensively assessed before operation. Satisfied results can be achieved by close observation after operation and management of complications as soon as possible.

Adenoidectomy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy