Objective To investigate the effects of pollution on nonspecific immune function of the children living nearby a municipal solid waste landfill.Methods The concentration of lysozyme and SIgA of saliva came from 951 children who were selected from 3 schools nearby the landfill were analyzed by cluster sampling while the outside air pollutants were detected in 2006.The high-exposure group included 360 students living in a radius of less than 2 km from the landfill,the low exposure group was consist of 361 students living in a radius of 2-5 km,the others 230 students living in more than 5 km were taken as the control group.Results The results showed that the pollutants levels were concerned with the location of the landfill,the nearer to the landfill,the higher concentration of CH4,NO2,SO2,NH3,H2S and PM10 except CO.The level of saliva lysozyme ranked as high exposure group,low exposure group and the control group were 61.40,71.37 and 76.10 ?g/ml and the same rank for SIgA were 204.11,224.28,248.44 ?g/ml,with significant differences (P

Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Female ; Male ; Mice

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toluene ; poisoning ; Xylenes ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship between the disorder of learning and memory in lead rats and the argnine vasopressin (AVP) and the somatotatin (SS) of hippocampus.Methods Sixty healthy 2-month old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group and lead group. Normal control group was given deionized water and the lead group was given 0.1% lead acetate deionized water for 3 months to make chronic lead rat. Learning and memory ability was tested by the Y-maze test. The content of AVP and SS in hippocampus were tested by the immunohistochemical method. Results The learning memory ability and the content of AVP and SS in hippocampus CA1 section of the lead group were degraded obviously than the control group(all P0.05)in hippocampus CA3 section of the lead group were degraded also.Conclusion The disorder of the learning and memory of the lead exposure rats may be due to the decrease of the content of AVP and SS in hippocampus.

Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Cold-Shock Response ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology ; physiopathology

Background and purpose:The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial has been described as practice-changing of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive breast cancers. The goal of this study was to determine the exportability of the criteria deifned by Z0011 trial for selecting patients who are eligible for avoiding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) result in China.Methods:We collected 194 breast cancer patients with positive SLNs and classiifed them into two groups according to Z0011 criteria. One group was consisted of patients who were eligible for omitting ALND and with SLNB only. The other one was ALND group. Then the patients of SLNB group were compared with cohort included in the Z0011 trial and the ALND group of this study separately.Results:Seventy-seven patients were potentially eligible for omitting ALND and 117 patients were still needed to have ALND. Compared with Z0011 cohort, the SLNB group in this research had signiifcantly more T1 stage and ER positive tumors (P<0.05). More patients in SLNB group had positive LNs with the number less than 3 and negative NSLNs (P<0.05). The ALND group had more T2 and T3 stage tumors than the SLNB group but the difference was not signiifcantly. The number of positive LNs in ALND group was higher than the SLNB group signiifcantly (P<0.05). More patients in the ALND group had positive non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) than the SLNB group and the difference was also signiifcantly (P<0.05).Conclusion:Applied to the SLN positive patients in this study, Z0011 criteria could make patients with better prognosis and lower risk than Z0011 cohort be selected and let these patients avoiding ALND more safely.

Objective To investigate the bid gene expression and cell death in brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats and the effects of dexamethasone(DEX)on bid gene expression,so as to elucidate the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of DEX pretreatment on rats following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Twenty-four SD neonatal rats were divided randomly into hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD),normal,dexamethasone-pretreated and 9 g/L NaCl(NS)control group.The animal models of HIBD were made.Total RNA from ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere was extracted.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to evaluate the level of bid gene expression after hypoxia-ischemia.Cerebral apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidy transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results The levels of bid mRNA were higher in HIBD rats than those in normal rats.The number of positive apoptosis cells significantly increased in HIBD group(P

Objective To explore the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1(cIAP1)gene expression and Caspase-3 activity in brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats and the influence of dexamethasone(DEX)on cIAP1 gene expression and Caspase-3 activity,so as to elucidate the possible mechanism of the neuro-protective effect of DEX pretreatment on rats following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Twenty-four SD neonatal rats were divided randomly into hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group(HIBD group),normal group(NS group),dexamethasone-pretreated group(DEX group)and 9 g/L NaCl control group(NS group).The animal models of HIBD were made.Total RNA from ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere was extracted.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to evaluate the level of cIAP1 gene expression after hypoxia-ischemia.Caspase-3 relative activity of brain tissue was determined by colorimetric assay.Results The levels of cIAP1 mRNA were lower in HIBD group than those in NS group.Caspase-3 relative activity significantly increased in HIBD group(P

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors and their influences on breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence.Methods From Jan.1st,1998 to Dec.30th,2007,66 breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence were treated at Breast Center of Peking University People's Hospital.The overall survival of the patients was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival analysis and the prognostic factors such as primary tumor status,initial treatment,location of recurrence and treatment strategy after local recurrence were analyzed using Cox regression model.Results The median follow-up was 111 months.The median survival for the 66 patients with recurrence was 99 months,ranging from 3 to 188 months and 5-year survival rate was 60％.Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically significant better survival for patients with unifocal primary tumor,undergoing initial breast conservation surgery,with local recurrence only and undergoing radical local treatment after local recurrence (P =0.003,P =0.017,P =0.050,and P =0.000 respectively).COX regression analysis showed that age at initial diagnosis and radical local treatment after recurrence had influences on post-recurrence survival of patients without distant metastasis (P =O.004 and 0.000 respectively).Conclusion The clinical and pathological features of primary tumor,initial surgery,site of recurrence and treatment strategy after recurrence have influences on prognosis of breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence.

The influence factors for hydrogen production using photosynthetic bacteria group were studied. The effects of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, initial pH value, illumination mode and inoculation amount on hydrogen production were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiment. The optimum process conditions were as follows: the best bacteria group was number 3, the glucose was carbon source and concentration of carbon source was 3 g/L; the urea was nitrogen source and concentration of nitrogen source was 9 g/L; the inoculation amount was 10%; initial pH value was 8.5; the illumination mode was 12 h light and 12 h dark alternation; incubation temperature was 30?C. The main factors affecting hydrogen production were strain, carbon sources, carbon source concentration and nitrogen suorces.