Natural killer (NK) cells, as an essential part of innate immunity, can directly identify and kill tumor cells after being activated by the synergistic action of surface inhibitory receptors and activated receptors. It can secrete cytokines to recruit dendritic cells (DCs), induce DCs maturation and enhance adaptive immune response. It can target cancer stem cells (CSCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to inhibit cancer metastasis. NK cells have a unique inflammatory tendency, which can respond to cytokines and chemokines released from tumor sites and migrate to tumor sites, making them occupy an important advantage in cancer targeted therapy. The research on cancer targeted therapy of NK cells as drug delivery carriers, NK cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles, and NK cell extracellular vesicles (NKEVs) has attracted more and more attention. The article will focus on the mechanism of NK cells inhibiting cancer, and summarize the research progress of cancer targeted therapy of NK cells.

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Pingai Mixture intervention on HIV/AIDS patients in order to clarify the characteristics of Pingai Mixture for AIDS treatment. A total of 41 HIV/AIDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Pingai Mixture was applied in the treatment. Three months was one treatment course. The treatment was given for two courses. Clinical symptoms, physical signs and changes in CD4+ lymphocytes of HIV/AIDS patients before and after treatment were observed. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the posttreatment total score (primary, secondary symptoms and the main physical sign cred-its) was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). The posttreatment spontaneous perspiration, night sweats, hair loss and other symptoms of a separate score was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P< 0.05). There were no significant changes on other symptoms or physical sign indicators. There was no significant difference in the Karnovsky score after 6-month treatment compared with pretreatment. It was concluded that Pingai Mixture is effective in AIDS treatment. It can improve the clinical symptoms and the administration is safe.

Objective To study the effect of Corylin on A375 cells melanin synthesis,and explore its mechanism.Methods The cells were randomly divided into the control group, the estradiol group, and corylin group including 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L. Estradiol estradiol intervention group were given 10-3 mol/L. Corylin group (10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L,100μmol/L) were given 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L corylin intervention. The activity of proliferation were detected by MTT, NaOH method, dopa oxidation , both melanin content and tyrosinase activity (tyrosinase, TYR). TYR, yrosinase related protein (tyrosinase related protein, TRP)-1 and TRP-2 expression levels of mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control group, 10, 100μmol/L of Corylin group cell proliferation rate significantly decreased (P<0.01). The 1μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L of Corylin group cell melanin content, TYR significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The 1μmol/L corylin group TYR (0.303 ± 0.003vs. 0.628 ± 0.012), TRP-1 (0.313 ± 0.008 vs. 0.677 ± 0.022), TRP-2 (0.456 ± 0.028vs. 0.687 ± 0.020) mRNA expression level significantly decrease (P<0.01).Conclusions The results showed that Corylin could inhibit melanin synthesis, which worked probably through inhibiting the activity of TYR and cutting the mRNA expressions of TYR,TRP-1/2.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the allergens of various allergic diseases in children.

METHODSSerum levels of Fx5E, Phadiatop and specific IgE were measured by the UniCAP100 System in 3 504 children with allergic diseases.

RESULTSThe positive rate of aeroallergens was obviously higher than that of food allergens in children with allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma and papular urticaria. In contrast, the positive rate of food allergens was obviously higher than that of aeroallergens in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and digestive diseases. The serum specific IgE level of aeroallergens was higher than that of food allergens. The dust and mite specific IgE levels reached to grade 6, while the food allergen specific IgE levels were lower than grade 3.

CONCLUSIONSAaeroallergens or food allergens vary remarkably in different allergic diseases in children. The level of specific IgE of aeroallergens is higher than that of food allergens.

Adolescent ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male

BACKGROUNDDetection of coronary microembolization is of clinical importance for patient management and prediction of long-term outcome. However, there are few studies of the changes of magnetic resonance imaging after coronary microembolization. This study was designed to investigate the imaging of the left ventricle using delayed contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as well as the left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary microembolization in animal models.

METHODSEight miniswine, of either sex (body weight 21-25 kg), were used to make the coronary microembolization model. After coronary angiography, a 2.8F infusion catheter was placed in the left anterior descending artery with the tip located between the second and third diagonal branches. Microspheres with the diameter of 42 microm and mean dosage of 1.2 x 10(5) were selectively infused into the left anterior descending artery. First pass and stressed first pass perfusion scan were performed after cine images were acquired. Then a second bolus of 0.15 mmol/kg gadolinium DTPA was given at a rate of 2 ml/s. Ten minutes later, delayed contrast enhanced magnetic resonance images of the left ventricular wall were evaluated. Serum changes of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSHypoenhancement was not observed at first pass perfusion at the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Hyperenhancements of the anterior-septal and anterior wall of the left ventricle was in evidence on delayed enhancement images 6 hours after microembolization and disappeared one week later. The characteristic change of coronary microembolization on delayed contrast enhanced magnetic imaging was non-enhanced regions within the hyperenhancement zone. Left ventricular ejection fraction measured by magnetic resonance imaging decreased significantly from 0.451 +/- 0.063 at baseline to 0.362 +/- 0.070 at the sixth hour (P < 0.01), and recovered to 0.431 +/- 0.053 one week later (P < 0.01 vs 6th hour). Compared with baseline values, the left ventricular end systolic volume enlarged significantly at 6th hour and at one week after microembolization (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Serum TNF-alpha increased significantly at 6th hour (22.62 +/- 6.96) pg/ml compared with baseline (16.83 +/- 3.45) pg/ml (P < 0.05) and it further increased to (27.44 +/- 3.97) pg/ml at one week after coronary microembolization and was significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSOn delayed contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, hyperenhancement of the anterior-septal and anterior wall of the left ventricle show at 6th hour but not at one week after coronary microembolization. This might represent the characteristic imaging after coronary microembolization. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased at 6th hour and recovered one week later after coronary microembolization. Although impairment of left ventricular function could be recovered at 1 week after coronary microembolization, the left ventricular remodeling process still continued in concert with continuously elevation of serum TNF-alpha.

Animals ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Swine ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVEIdiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy (ICG) is a clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which is characterized by proteinuria (often nephrotic range) and rapid progression to end-stage renal failure. The typical pathological changes are global/segmental glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. Most ICG patients who have been reported in previous published papers are adults. ICG in children is rare. The study aimed to analyze and investigate clinical manifestations, renal histopathological findings, treatment and outcomes of ICG in children.

METHODSData of two cases of ICG, a 7-year-old boy and a 12-year-old girl, were analyzed. Both of them were Chinese and Han. Clinical characteristics, results of laboratory tests, renal histopathological findings, treatment, outcomes and prognosis of the two children with ICG were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared with published data.

RESULTSThese two children presented typical clinical features of nephrotic syndrome. The quantity of 24 hr urine protein was 7.6 g/d (0.47 g/kg x d for boy) and 10.67 g/d (0.35 g/kg x d for girl). Both of them had hypertension (blood pressure ranged from 130/90 to 150/110 mmHg) and hypercholesterolemia (15.4 mmol/L for the boy and 11.3 mmol/L for the girl). The serum albumin was 12 g/L for girl and 23 g/L for boy. The creatinine clearance rate gradually decreased from normal range to 30 ml/min for the girl. The histopathological changes in renal biopsy of them were focal segmental or global glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. These two cases were steroid-resistant and were treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and pulse intravenous cyclphosphamade in one case, who rapidly progressed to end-stage renal failure and died half a year later. Another one was treated with cyclosporine. He showed continuous hypertention and heavy proteinuria for eight months.

CONCLUSIONICG in the 2 children was a severe disease which presented steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive renal failure. The pathological characteristics was global/segmental glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. In children with ICG treatment was difficult and the prognosis was poor.

Child ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Glucosinolates ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value of serum galactomannan antigen (GM) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan antigen (BG) assay in invasive fungal infections (IFI) in the patients with hematologic malignancies and the role in monitoring therapeutic response.

METHODSFifty one patients with hematological malignancies met the criteria for inclusion: (1) body temperature above 38°C for 48 hours, (2) failure to respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, or (3) temperature rose again after the responded drop. Blood samples were collected twice at the first week, then once a week in at least four weeks. The double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colorimetric assay were used for detecting GM and BG. The positive GM test is defined as two consecutive tests at different time GM value > 0.5 or > 0.8 and the positive G test is defined as BG value > 80 pg/ml. The patients were assigned into four groups as proven, probable, possible, and non-fungal infection respectively, and 21 normal volunteers were as controls.

RESULTSTwo hundred and forty serum samples were collected from 51 patients including 2 of proven IFI, 26 probable IFI, 17 possible IFI and 6 non-fungal infection. The true-positive group including the proven and probable groups, and true negative group was the non-fungal infection group. GM tests were positive in 21 of 28 cases in true positive group, and only one of 6 cases in non-fungal infection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 75%, 83.3%, 95.5% and 41.7%, respectively. G tests were positive in all 28 cases of the true positive group, and 4 in 6 non-fungal infection cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100%, 33.3%, 87.5% and 100%, respectively. G test is more sensitive than GM test (P = 0.015), but there was no significant difference in specificity of the two tests (P = 0.242). In 19 of 21 patients with GM test positive, anti-fungal treatment was effective, and GM value gradually decreased to negative, two invalid patients were persistent with GM test positive. After two weeks treatment, the average GM value was significantly lower in the effective group than in the ineffective group (P < 0.05). BG values in the responded patients showed a gradual decline similar to that of GM values, but not to negative. The changes of BG value in ineffective group varied with a trend upward. The changes in BG value had no relation with treatment effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONSSerum GM and BG antigens detection provides strong evidence for early diagnosis of IFI. Combination of GM and G tests can improve the diagnostic specificity and reduce the false positive GM test seems superior to G test for monitoring GM and BG values during treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Fungal ; blood ; immunology ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; immunology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mannans ; immunology ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult ; beta-Glucans ; immunology

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Block ; congenital ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo establish a multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique to detect influenza viruses.

METHODSObtain the HA nucleotide sequences of seasonal influenza H1N1, seasonal influenza H3N2, influenza H1N1 and human avian influenza H5N1 from GenBank. Design primers in conservative district and probes t in high variable region respectively, after analyzing the HA nucleotide sequences of influenza virus through the Vector NTI 9.0. Establish and optimize multiple RT-PCR system by comparing amplification efficiency and specificity at different primer concentrations. Establish the reverse dot hybridization system after optimizing the concentration of probes. To compare the sensitivity and specificity of this technique and the general RT-PCR Method through extracting the viral RNA of the mentioned influenza virus which are to be the reference substance.

RESULTSSuccessfully establish a multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique for detecting influenza viruses. This technique is 100-1000 times more sensitive than gel electrophoresis method, and it has a good specificity.

CONCLUSIONSuccessfully established multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique for detecting influenza viruses.

Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of allergens in children with allergic disease in Changsha.

METHODSTotal IgE and specific IgE against some allergens were examined by the AllergyScreen system in the sera of 437 children from Changsha with allergic disease.

RESULTSThe positive rates of total IgE and special IgE were 68.9% and 69.1% respectively. Dermatophagoides farina, beef, mutton, milk and fur of cats and dogs were found as common allergens. The IgE positive rate against dermatophagoides farina was the highest in children with allergic rhinitis (86.0%), followed by in those with atopic dermatitis (41.2%), eczema (27.6%) and urticaria (20.0%). Serum IgE was positive against the fur of cats and dogs in 23.5% of children with atopic dermatitis and in 18.1% of children with eczema. The IgE positive rate was lower in children with urticaria and allergic rhinitis (10.0% and 8.7% respectively). IgE positive rates against milk, beef and mutton were high in the above four allergic diseases (range: 14.0%-24.0%), but no significant differences were observed for the IgE positive rate among the four allergic diseases. The IgE positive rate to inhalant allergens in children at ages of less than 3 years was markedly higher than that in children at ages of more than 3 years (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAllergic diseases are mainly mediated by allergens. Allergens, especially dermatophagoides farina, fur of cats and dogs, beef, mutton and milk, play an important role in childhood allergic diseases in Changsha.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male