Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of pluripotential non-hematopoietic somatic stem cells niched in bone marrow.With the characteristics of stable genetic traits,pluripotential in differentiation,easy to isolate from source tissue,and fast to proliferate when cultured in vitro,BMSCs are currently attracting extensive research interests,and considered to be one of the most promising candidates in corneal tissue engineering.At present,many research groups,domestic and abroad,have reported that BMSCs can not only differentiate into corneal limbal stem cells,corneal epithelial cells,and corneal endothelial cells,but also play an important role in ocular surface repair.However,the successful application of BMSCs in cornea usually depends on the correct selection of supporting materials or scaffold,such as xenogeneic corneal stroma and amniotic membrane.Other unsolved problems in BMSCs-related corneal tissue engineering include the molecular biologic mechanism underlying the directional differentiation from BMSCs to corneal cells,the standards to identify BMSCs from differentiated corneal cells,the optimal scaffold materials and the potential tumorigenicity with grafting of transformed or undifferentiated BMSCs.This paper reviewed the progresses and issues of corneal tissue engineering with BMSCs.

Animals ; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase ; therapeutic use ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Objective To observe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens cultured from the sputum of hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) .Methods To i‐dentify the germiculture and test the drug susceptibility of the sputum or respiratory secretion isolated from the bronchial brush of 262 hospitalized AECOPD patients in People′s Hospital of Jiangxi Province from Janurary 2013 to December 2014 and analyze the results .Results Among all the AECOPD patients ,215 cases with positive sputum culture ,281 sputum pathogens were isolated . Gram‐negative bacilli were found in 190(67 .6% ) .Gram‐positive aureus were detected in 76(27 .1% ) .Fungus pathogens occurred in 15(5 .3% ) .The top six pathogenic bacteria were acinetobacter baumannii ,escherichia coli ,klebsiella pneumonia ,pseudomonas aeruginosa ,staphylococcus aureus ,streptococcus pneumonia .Drug susceptibility results showed that the drug resistance of acineto‐bacter baumannii was the strongest .Except that the drug resistance rate of cefoperazone/sulbactam and levofloxacin were less than 50 .0% ,the others were no less than 75 .0% .The drug resistance rate of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin , ampicillin sulbactam ,cefazolin ,ceftriaxone ,cefotetan ,gentamycin ,ofloxacin ,ciprofloxacin ,and compound sulfamethoxazole trime‐thoprim were no less than 70 .0% .The drug resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to penicillin G ,oxacillin ,erythromycin ,clinda‐mycin were 100% .The drug resistance rate of streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin ,clindamycin ,tetracycline ,sulfamethox‐azole trimethoprim were greater than 75 .0% .Conclusion Gram‐negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacterium in the AECOPD patients with lower respiratory infection .The key of treatment is to pay more attention to the bacterial culture and drug sensitive test ,use antibiotics reasonably according to the results of drug sensitive experiment .

Background Inflammation and adipogenesis are two parallel processes with increasing activity in severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),and mevastatin was proved to have the inhibiting effect on the differentiation of adipose.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of mevastatin on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)and differentiation of TAO-derived orbital preadipocytes,and explore its modulation effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced inflammation and the differentiation of TAO-derived orbital preadipocytes in vitro.Methods The retroorbital adipose tissue was obtained from 4 TAO patients during the surgery.The orbital fibroblasts were cultured from orbital adipose tissues using explant culture method.To study the suppressing effect of mevastatin on inflammatory response,cultured cells were divided into 5 groups.The 1000 μg/L LPS orbital fibroblasts were stimulated for 8 hours in group A,and 1000 μg/L LPS combined with 5 μmol/L,10 μmoL/L or 20 μmoL/L mevastatin were used respectively for the substitute in the group B,group C and group D.The orbital fibroblasts in group E were cultured routinely without any intervention as control.To observe the inhibiting effect of mevastatin on the differentiation of adipose,the group A were then subdivided into group A1-A6.After 1000 μg/L LPS was used to treat the cells for 8 hours,the ceils were induced to differentiate into adipocytes.All orbital preadipocytes from A1 to A6 were stimulated to differentiate into mature adipocytes with cocktail differentiation medium for a 10-day duration.During the procedure,group A2,A3 and A4 were interfered with 5,10 or 20 μmol/L mevastatin,and in the group A5 and A6,10 μmol/L mevastatin were added at the fourth day or eighth day.Intracellular fat accumulation in differentiated adipocytes was determined by oil red O staining.The absorption(A492 nm)was measured in the ceils by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Expression of COX-2 and PPAR-γ mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expression of COX-2 and PPAR-γ protein was detected by Westernblot.The level of PGE2 in the supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA as well as the PGE2 levels in B,C,D group decreased markedly in comparison with those in A group(P＜0.05).With the increase of mevastatin concentration,the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA as well as the PGE2 levels in B,C,D groups decreased successively(F =228.380,101.745,1586.881,P＜0.05).The expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA and PGE2 levels in E group were lower significantly than those in A,B and C groups(P＜0.05),but no significant differences were found between E group and D group(P＞0.05).The A492 value and the expressions of PPAR-γ protein and mRNA in differentiated cells showed the successively decrease in A1-A4 group with the elevation of mevastatin concentration(P＜0.05),and the evidently decreased A492 value and the expressions of PPAR-γ protein and mRNA also were seen in A1 and A5 groups compared with A3 group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Mevastatin inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression,PPAR-γ expression,PGE2 secretion and differentiation of TAO-derived orbital fibroblasts in vitro in dose-dependent manner.Mevastatin plays these effect more prominently in early stage of adipocytes differentiation.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the role of clinical pharmacist participating in drug therapy for severe ulcerative colitis (UC)during late pregnancy. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the therapy for a UC patients during late pregnancy, assisted the doctors to optimize and improve drug therapy plan from antidiarrheal,anti-intestinal inflammation,regulating intestinal flora,recovering damaged mucosa;suggested regimen was as follows:montmorillonite powder 3 g,pr,qd,to avoid drug interac-tion;hydrocortisone 100 mg,ivgtt,bid to resist intestinal inflammation;prednisone 30 mg,po,qd+20 mg,po,qn,instead after symptom relieved;stopping taking Bifid triple viable capsules,supplementing Human serum albumin injection,Nutrients,Potassi-um chloride injection,Concentrated sodium chloride injection,etc. RESULTS:The suggestion provided by clinical pharmacists was adopted by doctors,and the patient was recovered. There was no significant difference in the intelligence development,body weight and height charge between born baby boy and infants with same month age. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists assist physician to optimize and improve drug therapy plan to promote rational drug use in the clinic and guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion ( MI/R) injury in rats. Methods:The rat model of MI/R injury was prepared by coronary artery ligation for 30 min followed by 2-hour reperfusion. Then the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham group, model group, paeoniflorin group respectively at high, medium and low dose (20, 10 and 5 mg·kg-1, n=10). Paeoniflorin was respectively injected via tail vein 1 h before the operation and at the beginning of the reperfusion. The CK, LDH and SOD activities and MDA contents in serum of rats were examined, and the area of myocardial in-farction was also calculated after the reperfusion. Results:Paeoniflorin (20 and 10 mg·kg-1 ) could significantly reduce the area of myocardial infarction when compared with the model group (P<0. 05). Paeoniflorin could obviously inhibit the CK and LDH activities (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01) and enhance the SOD activity (P<0. 01) in serum of MI/R rats. The MDA content in paeoniflorin groups at high and medium dose was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Paeoniflorin pretreatment shows effectiveness against MI/R injury, which may be associated with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Background Corneal blindness caused by ocular surface disease is one of the main reasons for the global blinding corneal diseases.With the development and progress of tissue engineering technology,tissueengineered cornea offers a new approach to the treatment of ocular surface disease.Objective This study was to obscrve the growth and differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cclls (UC-MSCs) on thc corneal stroma of receipts and investigate the feasibility of human UC-MSCs differentiated into corneal epithelium-like cells and the reparation of injury cornea.Methods Human UC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord using collagenase Ⅳ digestion and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing fetal bovine serum in vitro.The immunophenotype of cultured human UC-MSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry.The differentiated osteoblasts from the human UC-MSCs by directional induce was identified.Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups.The human UC-MSCs were cultured on porcine corneal matrix without corneal epithelium for 4 days and then transplanted onto the 12 left eyes of 12 New Zealand albino rabbits,and porcine corneal matrix without corneal epithelium was transplanted onto the left eyes of other 12 New Zealand albino rabbits as control group.The rabbits received keratoplasty were examined using in vivo confocal microscope through focusing(CMTF).The eyeballs were taken off after 2,4 and 8 weeks,the growth and differentiation,expression of cytokeratin 3 (CK3),CK12 and ATP-binding cassette superfamily G memben 2 (ABCG2)of human UC-MSCs were observed by histopathology and immunofluorescence staining.This use of the experimental animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results Digestive human UCMSCs formed round in shape and was large in size.The attached cells displayed long-fusiform shape like fibroblasts.The cultured human UC-MSCs phenotype was CD105+/CD29+/CD44+/CD34-/CD45-and could be induced toward osteoblast differentiation under the appropriate experimental conditions.Human UC-MSCs grew well on the porcine corneal matrix.The corneal grafts survived wcll without rejection till the experiment end in experimental eyes,but the rejection of corneal graft occurred in control eyes.Confocal microscope could observe corneal epithelium-like cells.The corneal epithelium cells showed the positive response for CK3 and CK12 and absent response for ABCG2.Conclusions Human UC-MSCs with porcine corneal matrix can survive,proliferate and differentiate into corneal epithelium-like cells after transplanting onto the corneal stroma of rabbits.This result suggests that human UC-MSCs is able to repair and reconstruct the injured corneal surfaces.

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI/CLA-1) are the key proteins in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The high expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI/CLA-1 can decrease the danger of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study is to find ABCA1 and CLA-1up-regulators for treating atherosclerosis by using cell-based high throughput screening models. Among 20 000 compounds screened, E0869 [1-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yll4-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)benzoate] was found as the positive hit. The up-regulated activities of E0869 in ABCAl1-LUC and bCA-l1-LUC HepG2 cell were 160% and 175%, respectively. The EC50 values of E0869 in ABCAl1-LUC and CLA-l1-LUC HepG2 cell were 3.79 and 1.42 pμol- x ,(-1) respectively. E0869 could upregulate the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1, SR-BI/CLA-1 and ABCGJ1genes in HepG2 and RAW264.7 cells by Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis, but could not influence the expression of FAS, SREBP-l1 and CD36. Foam cell assay showed that E0869 could inhibit lipids accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7. Cholesterol efflux assay showed that E0869 could induce HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7. In conclusion, E0869 could up-regulate ABCA1 and CLA-1 activity, and had good anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Biological Transport ; Cholesterol ; Hep G2 Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

X-Ray tube is the core part of CT machines and its service life is closely tied to its quality,installation & adjustments and the status of the equipment itself.Besides,whether the operaters use the equipment correctly or not also influence the life of X-ray tubes.The author summarizes some methods for extending the life of CT tubes according to the experiences of installation,adjustment and using of the CT tubes for many years.