Image 1.

Protein as the allergens could lead to allergy. In addition, a widespread class of allergens were known as glycans of N-glycoprotein. N-glycoprotein contained oligosaccharide linked by covalent bonds with protein. Recently,studies implicated that allergy was associated with glycans of heterologous N-glycoprotein found in food, inhalants, insect toxins, etc. The N-glycan structure of N-glycoprotein allergen has exerted an influence on the binding between allergens and IgE, while the recognition and presentation of allergens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were also affected. Some researches showed thatN-glycan structure of allergen was remodeled by N-glycosidase, such as cFase I, gpcXylase, as binding of allergen and IgE partly decreased. Thus, allergic problems caused by N-glycoproteins could potentially be solved by modifying or altering the structure ofN-glycoprotein allergens, addressing the root of the issue. Mechanism of N-glycans associated allergy could also be elaborated through glycosylation enzymes, alterations of host glycosylation. This article hopes to provide a separate insight for glycoimmunology perspective, and an alternative strategy for clinical prevention or therapy of allergic diseases.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Objective To investigate the role of transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)in the modulation of abnormal functional status and damage characteristics of key brain regions in adult patients with anisometropic amblyopia via the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)technique.Methods Single(left)eyes of 20 adult refractive amblyopia patients were included in this study and randomly divided into a surgical group[Implantable Collamer Lens(ICL)surgery]and a TMS combined group(TMS treatment on top of the surgical group),with 10 patients in each group.In both groups,the visual a-cuity of patients was examined before and after treatment via international standard visual acuity charts to evaluate the therapeu-tic effect.Moreover,patients in both groups underwent an fMRI examination once before and after treatment,and local coher-ence(ReHo),amplitude at low frequency(ALFF),and ratio amplitude at low frequency(fALFF)algorithms were used to char-acterize the functional state and response characteristics of the brain regions in the acquired f MRI images.Results Compared with that before treatment,the visual acuity of patients in both groups significantly improved after treatment and was signifi-cantly greater than the pretreatment corrected visual acuity(P＜0.05).Compared with that in the two groups after treatment,the improvement in visual acuity in the TMS combined group was greater than that in the surgical group(P＜0.05).There was no difference in the ReHo or fALFF values before and after treatment between the TMS combined group and surgical group.Compared with those before treatment,the ipsilateral frontal ALFF values were increased in the surgical group after treatment,and the ipsilateral cerebellar ALFF values were decreased in the TMS combined group.Compared with those in the surgical group,the ipsilateral frontal lobe and superior frontal gyrus ReHo values decreased,the contralateral temporal lobe and superior temporal gyrus ALFF values decreased,and the contralateral occipital lobe and cuneiform lobe fALFF values increased after treatment in the TMS combined group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The improvement in spontaneous brain activity in pa-tients with anisometropic amblyopia in the surgical group and in the TMS combined group was significant.ICL implantation may act by activating the ipsilateral frontal lobe,ICL implantation in combination with TMS may act by improving cerebellar func-tion,increasing the excitability of the contralateral occipital and cuneate lobes,modulating neuronal activity in the adjacent cor-tex of the occipital lobe and in the other visually related cortices(ipsilateral frontal and contralateral temporal lobes),and correc-ting the difference in excitability between the two eyes of the patients.and correcting the excitability differences between the pa-tient's two eyes.

Objective:To investigate the differences and similarities of parameters associated with ane-mia of inflammation between patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis and periodontally healthy volunteers,and to explore the influence of periodontal initial therapy on those indicators.Methods:Patients with stageⅢ periodontitis and periodontally healthy volunteers seeking periodontal treatment or prophylaxis at De-partment of Periodontology,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from February 2020 to February 2023 were enrolled.Their demographic characteristics,periodontal parameters(including pro-bing depth,clinical attachment loss,bleeding index),and fasting blood were gathered before periodontal initial therapy.Three months after periodontal initial therapy,the periodontal parameters of the patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis were re-evaluated and their fasting blood was collected again.Blood routine examinations(including white blood cells,red blood cells,hemoglobin,packed cell volume,mean cor-puscular volume of erythrocytes,and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)were performed.And ferritin,hepcidin,erythropoietin(EPO)were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).All data analysis was done with SPSS 21.0,independent sample t test,paired t test,and analysis of co-variance were used for comparison between the groups.Results:A total of 25 patients with stage Ⅲperiodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy volunteers were included in this study.The patients with stageⅢ periodontitis were significantly older than those in periodontally healthy status[(36.72±7.64)years vs.(31.44±7.52)years,P=0.017].The patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis showed lower serum he-moglobin[(134.92±12.71)g/L vs.(146.52±12.51)g/L,P=0.002]and higher serum ferritin[(225.08±103.36)μg/L vs.(155.19±115.38)μg/L,P=0.029],EPO[(41.28±12.58)IU/L vs.(28.38±10.52)IU/L,P＜0.001],and hepcidin[(48.03±34.44)μg/L vs.(27.42±15.00)μg/L,P=0.009]compared with periodontally healthy volunteers.After adjusting the age with the co-variance analysis,these parameters(hemoglobin,ferritin,EPO,and hepcidin)showed the same trends as independent-sample t test with statistical significance.Three months after periodontal initial therapy,all the periodontal parameters showed statistically significant improvement.The serum hemoglobin raised[(146.05±15.48)g/L vs.(133.77±13.15)g/L,P＜0.001],while the serum ferritin[(128.52± 90.95)μg/Lvs.(221.22±102.15)μg/L,P＜0.001],EPO[(27.66±19.67)IU/L vs.(39.63± 12.48)IU/L,P=0.004],and hepcidin[(32.54±18.67)μg/L vs.(48.18±36.74)μg/L,P=0.033]decreased compared with baseline.Conclusion:Tendency of iron metabolism disorder and ane-mia of inflammation was observed in patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis,which can be attenuated by periodontal initial therapy.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the imaging effect of a near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 on the neurovascular bundles (NVB) around the prostate in rats. METHODS: A near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 was synthesized. An animal model for NVB imaging was established using Sprague-Dawley rats (250-400 g). Experiments were conducted using a custom-built near-infrared windowⅡ(NIR-Ⅱ) small animal in vivo imaging system, and images collected were processed using ImageJ and Origin. The fluorescence signal data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for NVB was quantitatively calculated to explore the effective dosage and imaging time points. Finally, paraffin pathology sections and HE staining were performed on the imaging structures. RESULTS: Except for rats in the control group (n=2), right-sided NVB of the rats injected with ICG-NP41 (n=2 per group) were all observed in NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence mode 2 h and 4 h after administration. At 2 h and 4 h, average SBR of cavernous nerve in 2 mg/kg group in fluorescence mode was 1.651±0.142 and 1.619±0.110, respectively, both higher than that in white light mode (1.111±0.036), with no significant difference (P>0.05); average SBR of 4 mg/kg group in fluorescence mode were 1.168±0.066 and 1.219±0.118, respectively, both higher than that in white light mode (1.081±0.040), with no significant difference (P>0.05). At 2 h and 4 h, the average SBR of 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg groups in fluorescence mode were higher than that of the control group (SBR=1), the average SBR of the 2 mg/kg group was higher than that of the 4 mg/kg group, and all the above with no significant difference (P>0.05). The average diameter of the nerve measured by full width at half maxima method was about (178±15) μm. HE staining of paraffin sections showed the right major pelvic ganglion. CONCLUSION The near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 can be used for real-time imaging of the NVB around the prostate in rats, providing a potential feasible solution for localizing NVB in real time during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.
Male ; Rats ; Animals ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging* ; Paraffin ; Indocyanine Green ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Fluorescent Dyes

AIM: To study the characteristics of new corneal biomechanical parameters in different degrees of myopia and analyze the correlation of the new parameter stress-strain index(SSI).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 adult patients(718 eyes)with different degrees of myopia who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from October 2021 to November 2021, aged 18-50 years, and the spherical equivalent(SE)was -0.50～-16.75D. The axial length(AL)of the eye was measured by IOL master, and the new corneal biomechanical parameters, central corneal thickness(CCT)and intraocular pressure(IOP)were measured by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST). The subjects were categorized into low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia groups according to SE. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation.RESULTS: The ratio of the thinnest corneal thickness to horizontal thickness change rate(ARTh)and SSI were statistically significant(P<0.001), while the remaining parameters were not statistically significant(P>0.05). SSI was positively correlated with age(r=0.102, P=0.006), SE(r=0.361, P<0.001), IOP(r=0.175, P<0.001), CCT(r=0.098, P=0.009), SPA1(r=0.182, P<0.001), negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.331, P<0.001), IR(r=-0.545, P<0.001)and had no correlation with other corneal biomechanical parameters(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: With the increase of myopia degree and the elongation of the axial length, the SSI value becomes smaller and the corneal hardness decreases. SSI may be a helpful corneal biomechanical indicator for future research on myopia.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of molecular classification in endometrial cancers with the next generation sequencing （NGS）. MethodsTotally 112 cases of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by pathology in The Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were collected. All of them were tested by hybridized-capture second-generation sequencing based on 1，021 gene panel. The molecular variation spectrum of each subtype and its relationship between the clinicopathological features were analyzed. ResultsThe cases were distributed as follows： 8 （7.1%） POLE mutation， 34 （30.4%） mismatch repair deficient， 26 （23.2%） TP53 mutation， 44 （39.3%） non-specific molecular profile. The median tumor mutation burden was respectively 252.0， 38.4， 5.8 and 5.4 Muts/Mb. There were no significantly differences among four subtypes in clinicopathological features such as age， histological grade， lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. PTEN （75.5%）， PIK3CA （66.7%）， ARID1A （55.9%）， TP53 （40.2%）， NF1 （29.4%） were the most common mutations in endometrial cancers. ConclusionsThe utilization of NGS in endometrial cancers can simultaneously identify molecular subgroups， screen Lynch syndrome and obtain molecular variation spectrum， which can provide guidance for immunotherapy and targeted therapy， contribute to further accumulation and exploration of molecular genetic characteristics.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.