The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the adenosine derivative N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine (WS070117M1) on cigarette smoke plus LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice and its mechanism. COPD model was established by exposing male BALB/c mice to cigarette smoke and challenged with LPS inhalation. Supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β1 levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay). The number of total white blood cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was counted separately. Lung tissue was stained with Mayer 's hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic examination. pAMPKa protein expression and distribution of lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry method. In vitro, levels of AMPKα phosphorylation in phorbol-12- myristate-13-acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, IL-8 level in supernatants of cigarette smoke condensate stimulating PMA differentiated THP-1 cells was measured by ELISA. The results showed that WS070117M1 treatment significantly activated AMPKa in the lung tissue. It also resulted in down regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IL-8 level in cigarette smoke condensate stimulating PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. In addition, WS070117M1 could inhibit the recruitment of total white blood cells and neutrophils. These results suggest that WS070117M1 may alleviate the airway inflammation by activating AMPK in the lung tissue.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Adenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

In the present study, the performance of a new blood cell separator (COBE Spectra LRS Turbo Version 7.0) and that of the previous version LRS version 5.1 in the collection efficiency (CE), collection rate and residual white blood cells during platelet collection from donors were compared. 232 units of platelet concentrates (n = 232) were evaluated and 163 units were collected with the Spectra LRS version 5.1 (Group A) and 69 units with the LRS turbo version 7.0 (Group B). Donor's blood cell counts and parameters, platelet yield, collection efficiency and residual leukocytes in platelet concentrates were analysed. Results showed that the platelet yield was higher in group B than that in group A: (2.90 +/- 1.1) x 10(11) versus (2.58 +/- 1.2) x 10(11), P < 0.001; residual WBCs were less than 5 x 10(6) in 99.4% of group A platelet concentrates and in 97.1% of group B platelet concentrates. Collection efficiency was higher in group B than in group A: 51.4 +/- 8.7 versus 43.6 +/- 6.3. A correlation between platelet count before collecting blood and platelet yield was observed in both groups. In conclusion, the Spectra LRS Turbo version 7.0 showed a higher platelet yield than that with LRS version 5.1. Higher platelet counts before collection allow a higher platelet yield.
Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; cytology ; Platelet Count

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the value of sixteen-detector row computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the assessment of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

METHODSSixty-two consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were recruited. Among them, 6 patients were excluded from the study due to unfavorable control of heart rate. A total of 56 patients with 152 coronary artery bypass grafts (internal mammary artery, n = 48; saphenous venous grafts, n = 104) were examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) with sixteen-detector row CT and by conventional invasive coronary angiography (CAG). All CT procedures were performed with retrospective electrocardiogram gating method. The patients' mean heart rate was 58 +/- 6 beats/minute. 120 ml of Visipaque 320 were continuously injected with the rate of 4.0 ml/sec during the procedure. The patency and the stenosis of coronary artery bypass grafts were evaluated by two experienced readers.

RESULTSAll the coronary artery bypass grafts were visualized by CTA, and all the proximal bypass anastomoses and 71% of the distal bypass anastomoses were also visualized by CTA. Furthermore, 29 occlusions and 13 significant stenoses of coronary artery bypass grafts were detected by CTA. The comparison of the results between CTA and CAG showed that among all the 42 occluded and stenosed coronary artery bypass grafts detected by CTA, 34 were confirmed by CAG; among all the 110 normal coronary artery bypass grafts detected by CTA, 108 were confirmed by CAG. There were 8 false positive and 2 false negative findings, resulting in a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 86%, and a negative predictive value of 99%.

CONCLUSIONSixteen-detector row CTA technology may provide a reliable visualization and higher diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery bypass grafts lesions. This technique can be used as a noninvasive procedure for the diagnosis of suspected coronary artery bypass grafts dysfunction.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Coronary Restenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide basis for health literacy intervention. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the quantitative part adopted the multi-stage stratified sampling method.A total of 355 aged 15-18 from senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for face-to-face survey.The qualitative part adopted the form of group interviews, and 20 students from two senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for interviews. Results The health literacy level of high school students in Xuhui District was 27.32%, which was lower than that of adults in the same period.Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge and concept literacy was the highest, followed by the level of health basic skills literacy, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the lowest; among the six types of health problems, the level of infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy was at a low level.Statistical analysis of the correct answer rate showed that the answer rate of various questions in the health literacy survey was quite different.Further analysis of the health-related behavioral characteristics of high school students showed that most students had correct health concept and awareness of health change, but they encountered resistance in the process of knowledge transformation into action, which mainly came from academic burden, school education, peer influence and so on.The main channels for high school students to obtain health-related information were classroom, parents, school and various media.They had a high degree of trust in medical professionals and encountered difficulties in seeking health information. Conclusion The health literacy level of senior high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai needs to be improved.We should explore a health intervention model more suitable for the behavioral characteristics of this group weak links in their health literacy.

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou, understand the four major virus in children of distribution. Methods In the first hospital of Lanzhou university from Jul 2009 to Jun 2010 ,we collected 290 stool specimens from children with diarrhea and 114 asymptomatic controls. Rotavirus was detected by ELISA, further strain characterization was carried out by nested PCR. The human calicivirus, astrovirus, adenovirus were detected by RT- multiplex PCR and PCR. Results At least one of the four viral agents was found in 60% of the specimens.Rotavirus, human calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were identified in 39. 31% , 11.38 % , 10.69% , and 4.83% in 290 specimens respectively. Rotavirus G3 was the most prevailing serotype, P [8] was the most common genotype. In the 114 control samples, 7 sample was positived for calicivirus, 5 samples were positived for human adenovirus and 1 sample was positived for astrovirus. Conclusion The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents causing diarrhea and the importance of long-term systematic surveillance.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Liqi Yiliu Formula (JLYF) combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells for treating patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSBetween January 2011 and January 2014, 60 advanced HCC patients were enrolled in this study, who were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to their willingness for taking JLYF, 30 cases in each group. All patients received CIK cell treatment: 1 x 10⁹-3 x 10⁹ each time, by intravenous dripping from the 1st day to the 3rd day, once per day. Besides, patients in the treatment group took JLYF decoction, while those in the control group took Chinese medical decoction by syndrome typing. All patients received treatment of at least two cycles. The time to progression (TTP) , overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), performance status scale (PS), Child-Pugh scale, and adverse reactions were observed, and subgroup analyzed.

RESULTSTo May 31, 2014, all patients reached the clinical endpoint. TTP was 3.5 months (95% Cl: 3.30-4.10) in the treatment group, better than that (2.5 months, 95% CI: 2.32-2.68) of the control group (P < 0.05). DCR was 36.7% in the treatment group and 30.0% in the control group (P > 0.05). OS was 5.2 months (95% CI: 4.53-5.87) in the treatment group and 4.6 months (95% CI: 4.06-5.14) in the control group (P > 0.05). The PS scale was 1.60 ± 0.10 after treatment, lower than that (1.80 ± 0.09) before treatment in the treatment group (P < 0.05). When the PS scale was 0-2 or Child-Pugh scale was class A, TTP was longer in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in the two groups during the treatment course.

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of JLYF with ClK cell treatment could prolong advanced HCC patients' TTP, improve PS scale, as compared with syndrome typed Chinese medical decoction treatment group. Besides, when the PS scale was 0-2 or Child-Pugh scale was class A, it was a better treatment program for advanced HCC patients.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells ; cytology ; Disease Progression ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy

The study was purposed to investigate the expression of CD73 on bone marrow nucleated cells (BMMNC) in various leukemia subtypes and its relationship with cell differentiation of leukemia. Immunocytochemistry staining and Wright-Giemsa staining of BMMNC from 75 cases of leukemia, 11 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 13 cases of non-leukemic patients and 9 healthy adults were performed, and the CD73(+) ratio in BMMNC and its relationship with differentiation of leukemia cells were analyzed. The results showed that the ratios of CD73(+) in BMMNC of com-B ALL, pre-B ALL and PLL were significantly higher than those in B-CLL (p < 0.05). CD73(+) ratios in AML subtypes of M(1), M(2a), t (8; 21), t (15; 17), M(4) and M(5) were markedly higher than those in MDS respectively, but in M(6) and MDS were lower and had no statistical difference between them. CD73(+) ratios in T-ALL, B-CLL, M(6), MDS, non-leukemia patients and healthy adults were close to each other and all of them were lower than those in B-ALL and other AML subtypes. It is concluded that the expression of CD73 is associated with leukemia subtype, differentiation and development. The higher differentiation of leukemia cells, the lower of CD73 expression in myeloid and B lymphoid leukemia, but T-ALL does not meet this pattern.
5'-Nucleotidase ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze coincidence rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sub-typing between transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and clinical discharge diagnosis.

METHODSReviewing sub-typing results of TEM, light microscopy, flow cytometric analyzing, molecular biological detection and karyotype in 793 AML cases, comparing their coincidence rates with discharge diagnosis to reveal advantages of AML sub-typing by TEM.

RESULTSGeneral coincidence rates of TEM, light microscopy, flow cytometric analyzing, molecular biological detection and karyotype on AML sub-typing were 63%, 59%, 52%, 47%, 26% and 23% respectively, and clinical coincidence rates of TEM on M1, M2a, M4 and M5, M6, M7, t (8; 21) and t (15; 17) were 39%, 34%, 17%, 74%, 50%, 73%, 87% and 89% respectively.

CONCLUSIONTEM has a higher coincidence rate in general AML sub-typing, especially strong screenings on t (15; 17), t (8; 21), M7, M5 and M6, but lower coincidence rates on M1, M2a and M4 sub-typing than other methods.

Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; classification ; diagnosis ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical therapeutic effects of elastic intramedullary nail on extremity fractures in children.

METHODSFrom June 2005 to March 2008, 40 children with extremity fractures were treated by elastic intramedullary nail, in whom femoral shaft fractures occurred in 26 cases, tibiofibular fractures in 8 cases, radial capitular fractures in 4 cases, ulnoradial fractures in 2 cases. All patients were treated by closed reduction and elastic intramedullary nail fixation.

RESULTSAll the fractures gained satisfactory reduction and healing. The average duration needed for fracture healing was 1-2 months. Postoperative follow-up confirmed a sound functional recovery.

CONCLUSIONSThe elastic intramedullary nail is a minimally invasive and effective surgical approach for treatment of extremity fractures in children. It allows early functional exercises after operation and secures a satisfactory bone union and functional recovery.

Adolescent ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Extremities ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Postoperative Complications ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSPatients with ACS underwent PCI in our hospital from December 2004 to September 2005 were included in this study. Plasma BNP (n = 189) and CRP (n = 141) were measured at a median of (34.2 +/- 16.3) hours from symptom onset, total mortality and the risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, recurrent MI, recurrent angina, heart failure, readmission for any reason) at 30 days and at 3 months was analyzed.

RESULTSPatients were divided into 4 groups according to their BNP levels (BNP 100 ng/L to 300 ng/L to 600 ng/L) and the 3-month mortality was 0%, 1.4%, 7.7%, 48.3% and 3-month incidence of MACE was 7.9%, 17.1%, 57.7%, 79.3% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the plasma BNP level predicted 30-day (r = 0.8515, P < 0.01) and 3-month (r = 0.9201, P < 0.01) mortality and 30-day (r = 0.7066, P < 0.01) and 3-month (r = 0.7090, P < 0.01) incidence of MACE independent of other known prognostic factors such as age, gender, family heredity, hypercholesterolemia diabetes, hypertension, smoking and LVEF. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their CRP levels (CRP 8.0 mg/L to 32.0 mg/L) and 3-month mortality was 2.7%, 7.7% and 28.6% and 3-month incidence of MACE was 28.4%, 41.0% and 60.7% respectively. CRP predicted 30-day (r = 0.5882, P = 0.0044) and 3-month (r = 0.5235, P = 0.0038) mortality independent of traditional risk factors, and predicted 30-day (r = 0.2705, P = 0.0380) and 3-month (r = 0.2290, P = 0.0429) incidence of MACE after adjustment for patient age. CRP lost its predictive value after BNP was introduced into the model, while BNP was still an independent predictor for mortality and incidence of MACE at 30 days and 3 months in ACS patients underwent PCI.

CONCLUSIONBoth plasma BNP and CRP are good predictors for early mortality and MACE incidence in ACS patients underwent PCI.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis