The community - based healthcare service is a main component of healthcare service system in China,and its development is affected by several factors including correlative ethical issues.In order to maintain a long - term and stable development of community - based healthcare service,great importance should be attached to some concerned ethical issues,such as the human - oriented service,intimacy of patients,the interests of disadvantaged group,etc.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Quercetin and its glycosides are important flavonols in traditional herbal drugs and plant-derived food, and they have diverse hiological activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that quercetin and its glycosides were effective in the prevention and treatment of non-infectious chronic disease such as diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. They can regulate glucose and lipid metaholism through different mechanisms. They can decrease blood glucose via protecting pancreatic/p cells or/and improving insulin sensitivity. Also, they have lipid-lowering effects, which may be the result of regulation of lipid catabolism or/and anabolism. Their distributions, as well as the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects are reviewed in this paper. In addition, further bioactivities as well as their dose-activity relationship, structure-activity relationship, bioavailability, and future clinical application of quercetin and its glycosides are discussed and proposed.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Hypoglycemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the reliability of relevant electrocardiogram(ECG) indexes in evaluating isoprenaline(ISO)-induced rat acute ischemic myocardial injury and provide reference for future scientific applications of these models. Methods Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly equally assigned to ten groups according to their body weight: 5,10,20,40,80,160,320,640, 1280 and 2560 μg/kg dose groups. All rats were tail intravenously given corresponding doses of saline diluted isoprenaline according to their body weight. Standard limb Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅲ-lead ECG of all rats were recorded before, immediately after and 1,24,and 72 hour after injection, respectively.Changes of heart rate, T-wave amplitude of Ⅱ -lead and Q-T interval were measured. Results Significant differences were found in heart rates, T-wave amplitudes and Q-T intervals at different time points(F = 15.03,11.28,13.64, all P ＜ 0.01 ), while differences among the ten ISO-dose groups were statistically insignificant (F= 1.45, 1.17,1.09, all P ＞ 0.05). No interaction between observation time and ISO dose was observed on heart rates, T-wave amplitudes and Q-T intervals(F= 0.79,0.82,0.59, all P ＞ 0.05). Immediately after injection of ISO, the heart rates were significantly increased compared with that of pre-injection in all groups(all P ＜ 0.05), of which 320 and 640μg/kg dose groups increased most significantly [(550 ± 47), (521 ± 43)times/min]. T-waves decreased significantly compared with that of pre-injection (all P ＜ 0.01 ), and 20 μg/kg dose and above groups decreased particularly evident, and partly inverted. Q-T intervals of rats in each group were significantly shorter than that of pre-injection(all P ＜ 0.01 ), and 320, 640, 1280 μg/kg groups shortened more pronounced[(0.070 ± 0.006),(0.072 ± 0.005), (0.068 ± 0.005)ms]. One hour after injection, the heart rate of rats in each group decreased,except 320 and 640 μg/kg dose groups[(518 ± 43), (487 ± 36)times/min], which were still higher than that of pre-treatment[(450 ± 40), (448 ± 51 )times/min, all P ＜ 0.05], the rest groups no longer had significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05). ECG T-wave in each group was significantly recovered compared with that of instantly medication (all P＜0.05), and 40 μg/kg dose and above groups recovered more than a big margin, but there were still differences compared with that of pre-treatment (P ＜0.05), while T-waves of 40 μg/kg dose and below groups had returned to the level of pre-treatment. Q-T interval in each group had varying degrees of recovery, except 1280 and 2560 μg/kg dose groups[(0.080 ± 0.004), (0.076 ± 0.011 )ms]which were still less than that of pre-treatment[(0.086 ± 0.007),(0.085 ± 0.006)ms, all P ＜ 0.05], other groups had no significant difference compared with that of pre-treatment (all P ＞ 0.05). Twenty-four hours after injection of ISO, the heart rates of 1280 and 2560 μg/kg dose groups [(389 ± 31 ), (398 ± 23)times/min]decreased significantly compared with that of pre-treatment[(427 ± 43), (438 ±26)times/min, all P ＜ 0.05], while other groups had returned to the level of pre-treatment. Seventy-two hours after injection of ISO, the heart rates, T-wave amplitudes and Q-T intervals of all doses groups had returned to the level of pre-treatment (all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions There has no significant ST segment in the electrocardiogram of rat.Isoprenaline has an exact effect on shortening Q-T interval. T-wave amplitude and Q-T interval can be used as reliable indexes of ECG for assessment of this animal model.

The aim of this research is to refine the protocol of purification of SA and identify the character of SA. By utilizing the cold-denaturing method, most of other kinds of protein were screened out and SA was purified from the fermentation broth of L-183 by using the refined affinity chromatography method. The rate of recollection was checked to be 75%～85%. By identification, it is indicated that the molecular weight of self-made SA was 74.5kD, the biotin-combining number 3.2, the activity 11.2u/mg, the pI around 7.4. So, the essential characters of SA are same as described by documents.

OBJECTIVETo explore the anti-tumor mechanism of the combination of cisplatin with DC vaccine in tumor-bearing mice.

METHODSB16 melanoma cells were treated with cisplatin at the final concentration of 20 µg/ml in vitro for 24 h. The expression of HMGB1, Hsp70 and TGF-β were detected by Western blot. B16 tumor-bearing mouse models were generated. The therapeutic effect of the combination of cisplatin (100 µg/mouse i.p., for sequential 3 days) and intratumoral injection of DC cells (3×10(6)/mouse, twice with a 7-day interval) in the tumor-bearing mouse models was evaluated. Expression of MHC II, ICAM-1 and CD86 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mice were sacrificed at 28 days after tumor cell inoculation. The tumors were removed and weighed, and tissue samples were taken for pathological examination. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated by discontinuous gradient centrifugation. The distribution of T-reg and CD8(+) T cells in the TIL was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the ratio of CD8(+) T/T-reg was determined. The activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) was determined by microcytotoxicity assay.

RESULTSCisplatin enhanced both the B16 cell apoptosis and HMGB1 expression. After loading with cisplatin-treated cell lysate, the expression of MHC II, ICAM-1 and CD86 on DC cells were (47.5 ± 8.8)%, (35.5 ± 8.3)% and (36.2 ± 9.2)%, respectively. At 28 days after tumor cell inoculation, the tumor weight of the control group was (2.1 ± 0.6) g, that of the cisplatin group was (0.3 ± 0.2) g and that of cisplatin + DC vaccine group was (0.5 ± 0.2) g, showing a significant inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the CD8(+) T/T-reg ratio and CTL activity in TIL were also significantly enhanced in the tumor-bearing mice treated with cisplatin + DC vaccine. When the effector-to-target ratio was 20:1, 10:1 and 5:1, the CTL activity in the cisplatin + DC vaccine treated mice was (25.0 ± 5.0)%, (22.0 ± 6.0)% and (14.0 ± 4.0)%, respectively, significantly higher than (8.2 ± 3.6)%, (6.7 ± 1.8)% and (3.6 ± 1.9)%, respectively, in the control group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCisplatin promotes the anti-tumor effect of DC vaccine by down-regulating T-reg cells and enhancing the CTL activity in tumors.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Cancer Vaccines ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; pathology ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

Astragalus polysaccharide has been widely used in food and medicinal industry owing to its health-promoting properties. In order to characterize better the relationship among molecular weight, structure-activity and activities, a simple method was used different concentration of ethanol including 30% (PW30), 50% (PW50), 70% (PW70), 75% (PW75), 80% (PW80) and 90% (PW90) to precipitate Astragalus polysaccharides into different molecular weight. As a result, PW90 showed smooth surface and the strongest antioxidant activity among these six fractions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, graded ethanol precipitation was a simple method to separate Astragalus polysaccharides into different molecular weight with different antioxidant activity fractions.
Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou, understand the four major virus in children of distribution. Methods In the first hospital of Lanzhou university from Jul 2009 to Jun 2010 ,we collected 290 stool specimens from children with diarrhea and 114 asymptomatic controls. Rotavirus was detected by ELISA, further strain characterization was carried out by nested PCR. The human calicivirus, astrovirus, adenovirus were detected by RT- multiplex PCR and PCR. Results At least one of the four viral agents was found in 60% of the specimens.Rotavirus, human calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were identified in 39. 31% , 11.38 % , 10.69% , and 4.83% in 290 specimens respectively. Rotavirus G3 was the most prevailing serotype, P [8] was the most common genotype. In the 114 control samples, 7 sample was positived for calicivirus, 5 samples were positived for human adenovirus and 1 sample was positived for astrovirus. Conclusion The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents causing diarrhea and the importance of long-term systematic surveillance.

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects and evaluate the security of Huganjiexian decoction combined with conventional therapy on hepatic cirrhosis.MethodsBy the randomized and prospective study method,34 patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into experimental group and control group.The experimental group was treated with Huganjiexian decoction combined with conventional therapy while the control group was treated with conventional therapy alone.Patients in both groups were treated six months.At the beginning and 6 months after treatment,levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin (ALB),albumin/globulin (A/G),total bilirubin (TBiL),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr) were determined.Results Levels ofALT、AST、TBiL decreased in both groups after being treated for six months,and the differences of downward trend of the experimental group were more significant than control group (F=36.63,40.31,38.65,P＜0.05).Levels ofALT、AST、TBiL of the experimental group were lower than those of control group significantly (F=8.67,7.62,4.36,P＜0.05 ).The A/G raised in both groups after treatment,and the upward trend of the experimental group was greatly different from that of control group (F=24.10,P＜0.05),the value of A/G of the experimental group was higher than that of control group (F=4.78,P＜0.05).The ALB raised in both groups after treatment,while the upward trend of the experimental group was no different from that of control group (F=0.89,P＞ 0.05).Thevalue of ALB had no significant changes in both groups (F=3.15,P＞0.05).Conclusion Huganjiexian decoction possessed therapeutic effect on hepatic cirrhosis,it had no obvious toxicity and side

To construct Fv antibodies against H5N1 Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin,extracted mRNA from B lymphoblastoid cell lines secreting anti-HA antibodies was used and the VH and VL genes were amplified by RT-PCR and linked together by splicing overlap extension (SOE) with (Gly4 Ser)3 linker. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed to E. coli BL21(DE3) and sequence analysis indicated the total length of scFv was 714 bp and the expression of Fv was validated by PAGE and Western blot.
Animals ; Antibodies ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Birds ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemagglutinins ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; genetics ; metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; immunology ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Proteins ; immunology