ObjectiveTo investigate the lipid metabolism in ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients classified by Aβ classification scheme.Methods Two hundred and seventy-seven ketosis-prone T2DM patients were classified according to the A β classification scheme which was based on the presence or absence of pancreatic islet β-cell autoantibody and fasting C peptide:A-β- group (78 cases ),A+ β -group (41 cases ),A- β + group ( 113 cases ) and A+ β + group (45 cases).The levels of blood lipid were determined and compared in the four groups.ResultsIn A- β -,A+ β -,A- β + and A+ β +groups,the levels of triglyeride (TG) were separately (1.72 ± 1.07),(1.86 ± 1.04),(2.21 ± 1.66) and (2.60 ± 1.87 )mmol/L,the levels of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(VLDL-C) were separately (0.57 ±0.45),(0.61 ±0.48),(0.79 ±0.63) and(0.81 ±0.62) mmol/L,and there were significant differences in TG and VLDL-C among the four groups(P =0.004 and 0.010).There were significant differences in TG and VLDL-C between β + group ( 158 cases) and β - group ( 119 cases) [ (2.32 ± 1.72) mmol/L vs.(1.77 ± 1.06)mmol/L,(0.80 ±0.63) mmol/L vs.(0.58 ±0.46) mmol/L,P =0.001 and 0.001 ].Conclusions Ketosis-prone T2DM patients with different situations of pancreatic islet β-cell autoimmunity and function are different in lipid metabolism,so it is very lmportant to evaluate the blood lipid and perform related lipid-lowering therapy in order to reduce the occurrence of diabetic complication.

Objective:To observe the effect of Pidotimod and Thalidomid to enhance the immune response and protective immunity induced by the epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.Methods:Mice were immunized intramuscularly with Pidotimod and pcDNA3-W2b2a,thalidomide and pcDNA3-W2b2a,respectively,then the immune response and the survival time of mouse attacked by Toxoplasma gondii were observed.Results:After the immunization,the level of IFN-γin sera of mice inculated with pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Thalidomid were significantly higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a (all P<0.05).After the immunization,IgG,CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio ,proliferation of T cell induced by pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant were higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a,pcDNA3-W2b2a and thalidomid ( all P<0.05).After challenged with highly virulent tachyzoites,the mean survival time in immunized groups were significantly longer than control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion:Pidotimod ,Thalidomid adjuvant can increase protective immunity of epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.

Objective To evaluate the blood supply features and effectiveness of arterial chemoembolization for pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Angiography and chemoembolization via supplying blood arteries of tumor were performed in five patients with pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Interventional procedure was carried out with tumor vascular infusion of 350 mg hot elemene emulsion and tumor embolization by cisplantin-lipidol emulsion(cisplantin 60-80 mg+lipidol 8-15 ml)and glutin.Results Ten interventional procedures(TACE)were undertaken in 5 patients.Angiography showed that tumor blood supply mainly coming from collateral circulation adjacent to the tumors,but partially from hepatic artery.Tumor sizes decreased from 30% to 50% in 5 cases,and AFP declined in 4 cases after the treatment. Conclusion Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma possessing different blood supply features from intrahepatocellular carcinomas.But transarterial ehemoembolization is still an effective method of choice for this treatment.

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.

Objective To study the onset features and axiom of children disease in Duanguan region.Methods A statistic study was carried on 1 782 cases of children disease which confirmed by pathological examinations.The sex,age and pathology(congenital malformation,inflammatory disease,tumor-like lesions,benign tumors,malignant tumors)were registered.Results The inflammatory disease occupied the first place in incidence rate(44.61%),followed by tumor-like lesions(25.03%),benign tumors(23.34%),congenital malformation(5.22%)and malignant tumors(1.80%).Among inflammatory disease,appendicitis was the most common,the next was chronic tonsillitis and tuberculosis.Among tumor-like lesions,cystic disease was the most common;the next was polyps.Among benign tumors,vasculoma was the most common,the next was pilomatricoma,osteoid and chonodroid tumors.Among congenital malformation,ear fistula was the most common,the next was diverticulosis and intestineal duplicateion.Among the malignant tumors,the sarcoma of soft tissue was the most common,the next was the malignant peripheral nerve tumors and lymphoma.Conclusion Children's disease have its own characteristics which varied in age,sex and pathological types,and differ from those of adults.

Objective To provide reference for formulating scarlet fever prevention and control strategies by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and predicting the incidence trend of scarlet fever. Methods Spearman correlation analysis, clustering analysis, seasonal index model and seasonal ARIMA model were used for analysis and prediction. Results The average annual incidence of scarlet fever in 2010-2018 was 1.37/100 000, and there was a positive correlation between annual incidence and year (rs=0.817,P=0.007). April-June and November-December were high incidence months. The clustering analysis was significant(F=4795.30，P<0.001), showing that the high-incidence areas are Shennongjia, Yichang, Enshi, Wuhan. Reported cases were concentrated in 1-14 years old, mainly for students, child care children and scattered children. The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females. The optimal model is ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,0)12. The prediction showed that the monthly incidence characteristics of 2019 were consistent with previous years, and the annual incidence rate was 10.22/100 000(95% CI:2.33/100 000-30.43/100 000), which was higher than the incidence of 2018. Conclusions The incidence of scarlet fever in Hubei Province is generally on the rise from 2010 to 2018. The incidence is bimodal. Students are the main disease group. The incidence rate of males is higher. The incidence is mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of southwest and capital cities. The ARIMA model has a good applicability in the prediction of scarlet fever. The incidence level will continue to rise in 2019, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and control measures with reference to epidemiological characteristics.

To discover novel antitumor rhodanine unsaturated ketones, a series of fluoroquinolone (rhodanine α, β-unsaturated ketone) amine derivatives (5a-5r) were designed and synthesized with fluoroquinolone amide scaffold as a carrier. The structures of eighteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity against Hep-3B, Capan-1 and HL60 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that the title compounds not only had more significant anti-proliferative activity against three tested cancer cell lines than that of the parent ciprofloxacin 1, but also exhibited the highest activity against Capan-1 cells. The SAR revealed that some compounds carrying aromatic heterocyclic rings or phenyl attached to an electron-withdrawing carboxyl or sulfonamide substituent were comparable to or better than comparison doxorubicin against Capan-1 cells. As such, it suggests that fluoroquinolone (rhodanine α, β-unsaturated ketone) amines are promising leads for the development of novel antitumor fluoroquinolones or rhodanine analogues.
Amides ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Ketones ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Rhodanine ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the adenosine derivative N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine (WS070117M1) on cigarette smoke plus LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice and its mechanism. COPD model was established by exposing male BALB/c mice to cigarette smoke and challenged with LPS inhalation. Supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β1 levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay). The number of total white blood cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was counted separately. Lung tissue was stained with Mayer 's hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic examination. pAMPKa protein expression and distribution of lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry method. In vitro, levels of AMPKα phosphorylation in phorbol-12- myristate-13-acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, IL-8 level in supernatants of cigarette smoke condensate stimulating PMA differentiated THP-1 cells was measured by ELISA. The results showed that WS070117M1 treatment significantly activated AMPKa in the lung tissue. It also resulted in down regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IL-8 level in cigarette smoke condensate stimulating PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. In addition, WS070117M1 could inhibit the recruitment of total white blood cells and neutrophils. These results suggest that WS070117M1 may alleviate the airway inflammation by activating AMPK in the lung tissue.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Adenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

To discover novel antitumor fluoroquinolone lead compounds from a rational modification for antibacterial fluoroquinolones, a fused heterocyclic ketone corresponding to thiazolo[2,3- b][1,2,4]triazolone used as a bioisosteric replacement of the C-3 carboxylic acid group of ciprofloxacin 1, and further modification by a Claisen condensation reaction with substituted benzaldehydes formed novel fluoroquinolone C-3 fuse heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketones as the title compounds (6a-6r), separately. The structures of eighteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS, and the in vitro anti-proliferative activity against human hepatoma Hep-3B cells, pancreatic Capan-1 cells and leukemia HL60 cells was evaluated by a MTT assay. The preliminary results showed that the title compounds not only had more significant anti-proliferative activity against three tested cancer cell lines than that of the parent ciprofloxacin 1, but also exhibited the highest activity against Capan-1 cells. In particular, compounds carrying an electron-withdrawing carboxyl (6k, 6m) or sulfonamide substituent (6q, 6r) attached to benzene ring were comparable to or better than constractive drug doxorubicin against Capan-1 cells. As such, it suggests that it is favorable for a fused heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketone scaffold instead of the C-3 carboxylic acid group to improve the antitumor activity of fluoroquinolones.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ciprofloxacin ; analogs & derivatives ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Ketones ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo study the role of T suppressor cells in immune tolerance to cardiac allografts in the rats.

METHODSMale DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into five groups: group 1: untreated, group 2: portal venous injection of 3 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat, group 3: intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, group 4: portal venous injection of 3 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, 15 days later heart transplantation was performed. Group 5: intravenous injection 3 (108 splenocytes of group 4 to normal recipient, and then heart transplantation was performed. Mean survival time (MST), histological changes, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were measured after operation.

RESULTSThe survival time of heart allografts in the group 4 [MST: (71.5 +/- 29.1) d, t = -14.063, -13.915, -13.777; P < 0.01] was significantly longer than in the groups of 1 [MST: (7.3 +/- 1.0) d], 2 [MST: (7.8 +/- 0.8) d], 3 [MST: (8.2 +/- 1.1) d ]. Only a few inflammatory cells infiltrated in cardiac allografts in the groups of 4 and 5. MLR in the groups of 4 and 5 were significantly decreased compared with those of normal control (t = 29.902, 23.047; P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPortal venous injection of donor splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide could induce immune tolerance to cardiac allografts. The immune tolerance could be transferred through splenocytes. T suppressor cells play an important role in the immune tolerance.

Animals ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Graft Enhancement, Immunologic ; methods ; Heart Transplantation ; immunology ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; methods ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Transplantation Tolerance ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology