Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Compared with total knee arthroplasty, unicondylar knee replacement has the advantage of preserving the knee tissue structure and motor function to the greatest extent. Pre-clinical in-vitro test is an important tool to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of unicondylar knee prostheses, and it is also a key focus of the product registration process. Through collection, comparison, and analysis of current regulations, technical standards, guidelines, and related research literature, this paper expounds on the relevant research methods for the pre-clinical in-vitrotesting of unicondylar knee prostheses. At the same time, in conjunction with current evaluation requirements and experience, the study discusses the focus of pre-clinical performance research for unicondylar knee prostheses during the registration process to clarify the performance evaluation requirements of this product category. This aims to provide a reference for the pre-clinical performance research of unicondylar knee prostheses and to standardize industry testing standards.
Knee Prosthesis ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Materials Testing

Objective:To identify the strengths and weaknesses of hospital development through the application of individual scientific research performance assessment, thereby providing a basis for the formulation of science and technology policies.Methods:We established a research performance assessment system and conducted research performance assessments across the hospital for three consecutive years. The assessment results were analyzed in-depth, utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine if there were differences in the overall level of assessment scores between years and series; the Mann-Whitney test to analyze differences between the promoted and non-promoted groups; the χ2 test to analyze whether age, degree, gender, and maternity situations affected assessment grades. Results:From 2020 to 2022, the individual scientific research performance assessment scores showed an overall upward trend, with the average per capita assessment score increasing significantly from 35.26 points in 2020 to 74.04 points in 2022. There were statistical differences in the assessment scores of different professional titles, indicating that the senior professionals > the associate senior professionals > the intermediates. There was no significant difference between the promoted and non-promoted groups. Additionally, age, degree, gender, and maternity factors affected assessment grades.Conclusions:It has been preliminarily established that the assessment of individual scientific research performance can effectively steer the scientific innovation activities of researchers, and play a positive role in enhancing the overall scientific research strength. The findings from the data analysis indicate that the hospital is expected to continuously enhance its scientific research performance by focusing on newly recruited doctoral personnel, establishing a system of support and guidance, and providing preferential support to female researchers. The assessment results serve as a " benchmark" for management departments and provide data-driven insights for the development of science and technology policies.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Objective To explore the effects of intravenous thrombolysis combined with Solitaire FR stent thrombectomy on vascular recanalization,neurologic function and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)due to large artery occlusion(LAO).Methods A total of 172 patients with ACI-LAO treated in our department between October 2020 and March 2023 were retrospectively enrolled.According to treatment regimens,they were assigned into control group(86 cases,alteplase intravenous thrombolysis)and study group(86 cases,alteplase intravenous thrombolysis combined with Solitaire FR stent thrombectomy).Vascular recanalization,neurolog-ic function,cerebral perfusion and occurrence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.After 90 d of follow-up,their prognosis was evaluated with modified Rankin scale.Results There was no significant difference in success rate of vascular recanalization between the two group(P＞0.05),but complete recanalization rate was statistically higher in the study group than the control group(68.60％vs 50.00％,P＜0.05).The study group had obviously lower NHISS scores at 7 and 14 d after treatment,higher cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow,but shorter mean transit time when compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).No notable difference was observed in the total incidence of adverse events between them(P＞0.05).After 90 d of follow-up,the proportion of good prognosis was higher in the study group than the control group(80.23％vs 63.95％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Intravenous thrombolysis combined with Soli-taire FR stent thrombectomy shows better efficacy in ACI-LAO patients,with better vascular re-canalization and great improvements in neurologic function and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the interventional effects of Icariin(IC A)combined with prednisone acetate tablets(PAT)in rats with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS)model.Methods Male SD rats were used to construct the SRNS model with 2 injections of adriamycin(ADR),and were randomly divided into the model group,PAT group,ICA group,and the combined group,with 10 rats in each group after successful modeling;another 10 rats were taken as the blank group.The blank and model groups were given 0.9％NaCl;the PAT group was given 6.3 mg·kg-1·d-1 PAT;the ICA group was given 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 ICA;and the combined group was given 6.3 mg·kg-1·d-1 PAT+50 mg·kg-1·d-1 ICA.The volume of gavage of the five groups of rats was 1 mL·100 g-1,and the drug was administered once a day for 6 weeks.The renal function and blood lipid level of rats in each group were compared;the expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ α(CaMK Ⅱα),cofilin-1 and F-actin were detected by Western blotting.Results Urinary protein quantification values at 8 weeks in blank,model,PAT,ICA and combined groups were(6.66±1.48),(178.38±8.96),(161.56±5.49),(157.13±8.32)and(96.90±5.05)mg·24 hi-1;serum creatinine levels were(30.90±1.79),(41.10±2.77),(34.90±2.03),(35.10±2.18)and(31.90±2.47)μmol·L-1;triglycerides levels were(0.87±0.14),(2.30±0.41),(1.94±0.44),(1.17±0.59)and(0.89±0.30)mmol·L-1;total cholesterol levels were(1.54±0.08),(2.53±0.22),(2.14±0.59),(2.27±0.31)and(1.93±0.32)mmol·L-1;the relative expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ α proteins were 0.88±0.09,0.65±0.06,0.71±0.08,0.76±0.07 and 0.88±0.08;the p-Cofilin-1/Cofilin-1 ratios were 0.56±0.27,2.52±0.04,0.75±0.02,0.91±0.20 and 0.53±0.05;the relative expression levels of F-actin protein were 0.93±0.01,0.64±0.01,0.75±0.02,0.80±0.01 and 0.85±0.00,respectively.The differences of the above indexes in the model group were statistically significant compared with those in the blank group and the combined group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion ICA combined with PAT can improve renal function,lipid levels,improve renal histopathological structure,and promote skeletal protein remodeling in SRNS rats by regulating CaMK Ⅱ α/Cofilin-1/F-actin pathway.

Objective To study the common basis and association between sickness behaviour and occurrence of classical symptoms of kidney yang deficiency of rats with adriamycin nephropathy.Methods The SD rats were given adriamycin by tail-vein injection for 2 times(4.0 and 3.5 mg·kg-1,one week apart)to construct the model of nephrotic syndrome with Chinese medicine symptom of kidney yang deficiency.After successful modeling,the model rats were randomly divided into adriamycin group(ADR group),corticosterone group(CORT group)and hydrocortisone group(HYD group),with 12 rats per group;another 12 normal rats were taken as normal group.In the HYD group,25 mg·kg-1·d-1 HYD was administered for 14 d to establish kidney yang deficiency model with simple hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex(HPA)axis inhibition.CORT group was adding 25 μg·mL-1 corticosterone to the water for 6 weeks,and the others drinking water supplied.The levels of urinary 17-hydroxy steroid were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Glucocorticoid receptor(GR)and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)protein expression levels in kidney and hypothalamus were detected by Western blotting.Results In the normal,ADR,CORT and HYD groups,the urinary 17-hydroxysteroid levels were(19.14±1.94),(10.07±1.62),(20.30±1.55)and(14.23±2.37)μg·L-1;the relative expression levels of GR protein in hypothalamic were 0.63±0.05,0.11±0.05,0.85±0.08 and 0.35±0.06;the relative expression levels of NF-κB protein in hypothalamic were 0.06±0.03,0.96±0.03,0.59±0.01 and 0.23±0.04;the relative expression levels of GR protein in kidney tissue were 0.94±0.06,0.06±0.02,0.40±0.02 and 0.09±0.08;the relative expression levels of NF-κB protein in kidney tissue were 0.07±0.05,0.81±0.12,0.72±0.07 and 0.49±0.08,respectively.Compared with the ADR and HYD groups,the above indexes in the normal group were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).And compared with the ADR group,the relative expression levels of NF-κB protein in renal tissue with CORT group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),but the other indexes in CORT group were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HPA axis dysfunction with GR damaged and activated inflammatory levels are the common basis for the combination of typical symptoms of kidney yang deficiency and sickness behaviour which characterised by"deficiency and cold syndrome".

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of male im-mune infertility(MII)by meta-analysis.Methods:We retrieved randomized controlled trial(RCT)on the treatment of male im-mune infertility with traditional Chinese medicine from the databases of WanFang,Chinese Biomedical Literature,Cochrane Library,Weipu,PubMed and CNKI,and performed methodological quality assessment of the RCTs identified and statistical analysis and evalua-tion of the publication bias using the RevMan5.4 software.Results:Totally,25 RCTs(2 563 cases)were included in this study.Compared with Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII,TCM achieved a significantly higher total effectiveness rate(OR=6.35,95% CI:4.96-8.13,P<0.000 01),negative conversion rate of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibodies(OR=4.52,95% CI:2.72-7.51,P<0.000 01),negative rate of serum anti-sperm antibodies(OR=2.98,95% CI:2.23-3.96,P<0.000 01),sperm concentration(MD=15.56,95% CI:11.32-19.79,P<0.000 01),grade a sperm motility(MD=3.85,95% CI:1.91-5.79,P=0.000 01),grade a+b sperm motility(MD=13.77,95% CI:7.06-20.48,P<0.000 1),sperm viability(MD=10.32,95% CI:6.78-13.86,P<0.000 01)and pregnancy rate(OR=3.53,95% CI:2.68-4.63,P<0.000 01),but a lower rate of adverse reactions(OR=0.06,95% CI:0.01-0.23,P<0.000 01).There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm between TCM and Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII(MD=-7.53,95% CI:-15.50-0.44,P=0.06).Conclusion:TCM has a definite effectiveness and high safe in the treatment of male immune infertility.

AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe on renal AIM 2-mediated pyroptosis of a golden hamster model of diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS Fifty male golden hamsters of SPF grade were randomly divided into the control group and the model group.The golden hamsters of the model group successfully developed into DN models by feeding of high glucose and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ were further randomly assigned into the model group,the enagliflozin group(10 mg/kg),and the low-dose and the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe groups(12.8,25.6 g/kg)for 8 weeks gavage of the corresponding administration.The golden hamsters had their levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,and Sur detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;their serum SOD activity and MDA level detected by biochemical method;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α detected by ELISA method;their pathomorphological changes of kidney tissue observed by HE and PAS staining;their protein expressions of ROS and γH2AX detected by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry;and their renal protein expressions of AIM 2,caspase-1 and GSDMD detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed atrophic glomeruli;enlarged glomerular capsule cavity;mesangial expansion;edema and necrosis in the dilated renal tubules;increased levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.01);and decreased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe group and the enagliflozin group displayed improved renal histopathology,decreased levels of 24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe can inhibit AIM 2-mediated cell death and alleviate renal inflammatory damage in golden hamsters by inhibiting their expression of ROS-dsDNA-AIM 2 signal pathway to attain reduction of their renal ROS level,DNA damage of renal intrinsic cells,and synthesis of AIM 2 inflammatory corpuscles as well.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become one of the chronic diseases that endanger health around the world. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been a popular target for NAFLD research in recent years. Fexaramine (Fex) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR, and its mechanism of action to improve NAFLD is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was constructed using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and treated with Fex orally for 6 weeks. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Fex on disorders of glucolipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, and preliminarily explored its potential mechanism of action. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: PZSHUTCM210913011). In this study, it was found that 100 mg·kg^-1 Fex significantly inhibited body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, improved liver injury and lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. The effect of Fex on the expression of hepatic intestinal FXR and its target genes in NAFLD mice was further examined. Analysis of serum and hepatic bile acid profiles and expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. It was found that Fex could stimulate intestinal FXR, promote fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion, inhibit the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in liver, regulate bile acid synthesis by negative feedback, and improve the disorder of bile acid metabolism. At the same time, Fex reduces liver lipid synthesis and absorption, increases fatty acid oxidation, thus improving liver lipid metabolism. This study shows that Fex can improve NAFLD by activating intestinal FXR-FGF15 signal pathway and regulating liver lipid metabolism.