Based on the principles of the in vitro staining technique, hypotonic swelling test, and water test, the Eosin Y-water test method was developed to simultaneously detect the integrity of the sperm head and tail and sperm membrane structure and function. As a widely used method in clinical laboratories in China, the Eosin Y-water test is methodologically characterized by three advantages. Firstly, both the sperm head and tail can be detected at the same time, which allows easy and comprehensive assessment of membrane damage in different parts of sperm. Secondly, distilled water is used instead of the usual formula solution to simplify and standardize the test by eliminating any potential effects on the water molecules through the sperm membrane due to different osmotic pressure or different sugar proportions and electrolyte solutions. Thirdly, the test takes less time and thus can be repeated before and after treatment. This article focuses on the fundamental principles and modification of the Eosin Y-water test and its application in sperm function examination and routine semen analysis for male infertility, assessment of the quality of sperm retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration, semen cryopreservation program development, and evaluation of sperm membrane integrity after microwave radiation.
Cell Membrane ; China ; Cryopreservation ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; Male ; Osmotic Pressure ; Semen Analysis ; methods ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Tail ; Spermatozoa ; Staining and Labeling ; Water

Male antifertility drugs can induce contraception by interfering with spermatogenesis progression. Their action mechanism is correlated with the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. This paper summarizes recent researches on the mechanism of male antifertility-drugs, including testosterone, gossypol, tamoxifen and triptolide, reviews their regulating effect on cell apoptosis and the expression of the key genes and proteins involved, and explores the significance of further researches on male antifertility drugs and cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Caspases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Contraceptive Agents, Male ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gossypol ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology ; Testosterone ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate 99tcm-DTPA nuclear dynamic imaging in distinguishing the renal occupied disease.Methods A total of 164 in-patients with renal occupied disease who underwent surgery were included.According to the pathological diagnosis,119 patients had malignant tumors,and 45 patients had benign diseases.All patients’ imaging was retrospectively analyzed.Application of 99Tcm-DTPA nuclear dynamic imaging in renal occupied disease was compared with ultrasonography (US),computed tomography (CT),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),intravenous pyelogram (IVP),and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT.Results The accuracy rates of different imaging methods in distinguishing between renal malignant and benign disease were 99Tcm-DTPA (84 ％,45 ％),US (72 ％,64 ％),CT ( 91％,92 ％),MRI (50 ％,67 ％),IVP (50 ％, 17 ％), respectively.The diagnostic accuracy rate of PET-CT for malignant tumors was 67 ％.The accuracy rates of 99Tcm-DTPA in distinguishing different phases of renal cell carcinoma were statistically significant (x 2 =83.4, P ＜ 0.01), while the accuracy rates in distinguishing renal cyst from renal angiomyolipoma were not statistically different.With the greater diameter, the diagnostic accordance rate is higher (x 2 =16.05,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 99Tcm-DTPA could be used not only to evaluate the renal function quantificationally,but also be helpful to distinguish renal malignant tumor from benign disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the contents of lead, cadmium, zinc and manganese in the follicular fluid and semen of infertile couples that are not professionally exposed to the four heavy metallic elements.

METHODSIn vitro fertilization pre-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was carried out in wives, and follicular fluid collected after routine oocyte retrieval. Semen was obtained from husbands by masturbation. The contents of zinc in the follicular fluid and semen were determined by the flame atom absorption method and those of lead, cadmium and manganese by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTSThe average concentrations of lead, cad- mium, zinc and manganese were 151.06 microg/L, 2.02 microg/L, 0.54 mg/L and 28.54 microg/L in the follicular fluid, and 250.23 microg/L, 7.42 microg/L, 189.11 mg/L and 82.15 microg/L in the semen. The follicular fluid samples in which lead, cadmium, zinc or manganese was detected constituted 43.8% (21/48), 22.9% (11/48), 75.0% (36/48) and 50.0% (24/48), and the semen samples accounted for 70.2% (33/47), 31.9% (15/47), 100.0% (47/47) and 46.8% (22/47), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the average contents of lead, cadmium, zinc and manganese are higher in the semen than in the follicular fluid in the non-professionally exposed infertile couples, and so is the percentage of the samples containing each of the elements, with the exception of manganese.

Adult ; Cadmium ; analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; analysis ; Female ; Follicular Fluid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; metabolism ; pathology ; Infertility, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lead ; analysis ; Male ; Manganese ; analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Semen ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Zinc ; analysis

Objective To understand the distribution of infectious pathogens and antibiotics resistance from children patients with dacryocystitis .Methods Lacrimal secretion specimens of the outpatients with dacryocystitis were identified for bacteria using automatic instrument VITEK2 and API systems .Antibiotics sensitivity tests were detected by using VITEK 2 instrument and K‐B method .Results There were 800 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from eye secretions .Gram positive bacteria were 502 strains ,accounting for 62 .75% ,mainly of which were Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus au‐reus .Gram negative bacteria were 295 strains ,accounting for 36 .88% ,mainly of which were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudo‐monas aeruginosa .There were 3 strains of Candida albicans ,accounting for 0 .37% .Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus viridans were highly resistant to tobramycin ,erythromycin and clindamycin .At the same time ,Staphylococcus aureus resistant rate to penicillin was 99 .3% .The resistant rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin was 98 .6% ,but susceptible to the third generation cephalosporins and tobramycin ,and completely susceptible to imipenem .Most of children patients with dacryocystitis were from 1 month to 1 year old .Conclusion Children patients with dacryocystitis were mainly distributed in infants .Antibiotic resistant rate of pathogenic bacteria might be high .

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of talar neck fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with screws.

METHODSAmong 28 cases in the study, 20 cases were males and 8 cases were female. The age ranged from 22 to 72 years with an average of 38 years. Based on the Hawkins classification,there were 6 cases of type I,18 of type I and 4 of type II. They were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with screws.

RESULTSTwenty-eight cases were followed up for 1 to 7 years(mean 2.8 years). The evaluation of the results by Hawkins functional rating scale revealed excellent in 14 cases,good in 9 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases. The excellent and good rate were 83.2%. Osteonecrosis occurred in 5 cases with 3 of type II and 2 of type III fractures. Two of 3 cases with talar displacement were found with osteonecrosis or painful arthritis. The subtalar arthritis occurred in 6 cases, 3 of which were associated with ankle arthritis. Two cases underwent arthrodesis because of painful arthritis of the subtalar joint or osteonecrosis of the talar body. Wound infection and anteromedial skin necrosis of the ankle were not found.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of talar neck fractures could obtain satisfactory clinical results through open reduction and internal fixation with screws. Protection of the residual blood supply, anatomically reduction and stable fixation are essential for successful treatment of talar neck fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Talus ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To explore the surgical effect to traumatic tentorial herniation with bilater- al mydriasis.Methods The patients were divided into three groups,ie,epidural hematoma group,a- cute diffuse brain swelling group and cerebral contusion and/or subdural hematoma group,to perform clinical outcome analysis.Half year after operation,the neurological outcome was scored according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale.Results Of all,there were three cases with good recovery,10 with moderate disability,nine with severe disability and 10 with vegetative survival but 35 deaths.The outcome was the best in epidural hemotoma group but the poorest in acute diffuse brain swelling group.Conclusions The operative effect of traumatic cerebral herniation with bilateral mydriasis is related with the type of orig- inal injury that is important for selection of operation.Patients with cerebral herniation caused by epidural hematoma should receive immediate operation that will induce better outcome.The operation is not vital for those with cerebral herniation caused by acute diffuse brain swelling.Emergent surgery can save lives of some patients with cerebral contusion and/or subdural hematoma.Rapid diagnosis,correct operation and perioperative treatment may ensure the success of surgery.

To minimize the predatory harvest of Heterosmilax yunnanensis and maintain the sustainable utilization of its resources, a study on the tending technology of wild H. yunnanensis was carried out. The results showed that the tuber tending model had a higher seed emergence rate, shorter growth period and easier control of male and female ratios than other tending models; by removing shrubs, topping, bending pruning, controlling insects and pests and other effective technical measures, the growth period of H. yunnanensis was shortened; the average annual net income of the tending area was 1 086 yuan/mu (1 mu≈666.67 m²), which was 86.9% higher than before. This study was conducive to increasing the yield and quality of H. yunnanensis in Karst landform area, and instructive for the tending of other wild traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in this area.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Smilacaceae