Toll-like receptor( TLR) ,which belongs to pattern recognition receptor,is type I transmem-brane glycoprotein. TLR activates natural immune and induces several cytokines. Foreign studies have showed that bacterial infection is closely related with TLR. In this paper,the relationship between TLR and bacterial in-fection is reviewd.

Objective To investigate the clinic significance of serum carbohydrate antigen ( CA)125 for cirrhosis. Methods 88 patients with type B posthepatitic cirrhosis (male 46,female 24,average age 45?24 years) were divided into three group (A stage35,B stage 28,C stage 25) according to Child-pugh integration. 36 healthy persons as normal controls were studied(male 20,female 16,average age 42?22 years). Serum CA125 was measured by ELISA. We investigated the alteration of serum CA125 with hepatic functional classification. Results The levels of serum CA125 in cirrhosis patients were markedly higher than those in control subjects(P

As an efficient gene transfer vehicle lentiviral vector has been widely used in therapy research. Comparing with other retrovirus vectors, lentiviral vectors have the unique ablility of transfecting nondividing cells and terminal differentiated cells. In addition, lentiviral vectors can accommodate two or more promoters and can carry larger foreign gene insertions. Now the new generation of lentiviral vectors encoding transcriptional control sequence provides effective means for the regulation of foreign gene expression. The development of lentiviral vectors and its application in the gene therapy field were summarized.

A pyelonephritis model of mouse is made by c. albicans infection. The determination of im-mune functions in model show that, both proliferation response of T cell to ConA and IL-2 activ-iting of spleenocytes of model animal to inductionwith ConA increased at 30 days after injected.The proliferation response of B cell to stimulation with LPS inhanced from 15 through 30 days,primary Ab response of model animal to SRBC stimulation inhanced between 15-30 days afterimmunization. DTH response to stimulation with c. albicans protein Ag raised since 15 days andup to peak at 30 days. Agglutination titer of serum raised up 15 days, and remained at higherlevel untill 30 days.

Objective To study the immunological regulation of Nasal Healing Spraying Agent (NHSA). Methods Test models were setup by irradiation. The models were administrated with NHSA by lavage and immune adherence of red cells was tested by chaplet experiment with blank and positive control. Results NHSA could increase Red Blood Cell-C3b Receptor Rosette (RBC-C3bRR) and reduce Red Blood Cell-Immune Complex Rosette (RBC-ICR) in mice. Compared with blank control group, the results in the high dose group and middle dose group were statistically significant (P<0.01). The result also showed that NHSA could elevate the quantity and activity of Red Blood Cell-C3b Receptor (RBC-C3bR) and reduce the Immune Complex (IC) to enhance the red cell immune function in mice effectively. Conclusion NHSA could elevate the RBC immunity function in mice and increase immunoregulatory function.

BACKGROUND: One of the basic functions of bone is its adaptation to mechanical loading environment. Bone cells are the mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue. However, the mechanisms by which mechanical signals are transduced to chemical signals that influence bone growth and metabolism remain unidentified.OBJECTIVE: To understand the mechanotransduction pathways in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and to provide a theoretical basis for further study. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved by computer with key words of osteoblast, osteocyte, bone cells, mechanical stress. According to inclusion criteria, 69 articles were included to summarize the transduction of mechanical signals of bone cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One of the basic functions of bone is its adaptation to mechanical loading environment. Bone cells are mechanosensitive cells. However, how the transduction of mechanical signals of cells realizes and how regulates skeleton remain poorly understood. Studies confirmed that due to the construction features and cell location of skeleton, osteoblasts and osteocytes are the most important mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue. The process of mechanotransduction can be divided into four distinct steps: ① mechanocoupling; ② biochemical coupling; ③ signal transmission; ④ effector response of bone cells. Through these four steps, the loads acting on the bones are transduced into biochemical signals, and then change the function of bone cells, finally induce the changes of bone structures to adapt the mechanical environment. The regulatory mechanisms of mechanical signals in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells require further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and security ofYangxue-Qingnao granules on posterior circulation ischemia.Methods 52 patients with posterior circulation ischemia from September 2012 to January 2014 in Remin hospital of Wuhan Universityk, were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 26 cases in each group. The control group was only treated with flunarizine HCL and Betahistine Mesilate Tablets, while the treatment group was givenYangxue-Qingnao granules based on the control group. The change of clinical symptoms, TCD and cervical vascular ultrasound were observed before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment, the total effective rate of treatment group was significantly different to the control group (96.2%vs. 76.9%;χ2=4.127,P=0.042). The changes of blood flow velocity of vertebral artery, basilar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery were all decreased after the treatment in both groups (tvalue in the treatment group were 20.624, 13.773, and 9.485 respectively,t value in the control group were 13.203, 9.550, and 5.655, respectively, allP<0.01), besides such decreases in the treatment group were better than the control group (allP<0.01). After the treatment, the condition of carotid IMT decrease was significantly better in the treatment group than the control group (the number rate of IMT decrease was (96.2%vs. 69.2%;χ2=5.318,P=0.021).ConclusionYangxue-Qingnao granules can obviously improve the blood flow velocity and the thickness of IMT in patients with posterior circulation ischemia. The short-term curative effect is obvious.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) on peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) induced injuries of peritoneal structure and function in a rat model, and to observe the relationship between the failure of peritoneal dialysis and expressions of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in peritoneal tissues. METHODS: Fifty-six SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, 1.5% PDS group, 4.25% PDS group, 1.5%PDS+1% SMI group, 1.5%PDS+2% SMI group, 4.25% PDS+1% SMI group and 4.25% PDS+2% SMI group. Two-hour peritoneal dialysis test was performed in rats in different groups by intraperitoneal injection for 8-week. Then rats were killed on the 8th week, and the bloods and peritoneal tissues were gathered. The rate of ultrafiltration, clearance rates of urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose of peritoneum and content of total protein in PDS were detected. Peritoneal membrane histology was evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of ZO-1 and AQP-1 proteins in peritoneal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method, and AQP-1 protein expression was also detected by Western blotting technique. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, using of 1.5% PDS and 4.25% PDS caused the changes of structure and function in peritoneum, such as pathological change of peritoneum, decreasing of the rate of ultrafiltration (P<0.05), clearance rates of creatinine and glucose (P<0.01) and the expression of ZO-1 protein (P<0.05), and increasing of the expression of AQP-1 protein (P<0.05). Compared with the simple PDS groups, the pathological damage of peritoneum was lessened and the rate of ultrafiltration and clearance rates of creatinine and glucose were increased in the 1.5% PDS+2% SMI group and 1.5% PDS+2% SMI group. Expression of AQP-1 protein was decreased by 1.5% PDS+2% SMI as compared with 1.5% PDS (P<0.05).[JP] CONCLUSION: SMI can relieve the injuries of function and structure of peritoneum by down-regulating the expression of AQP-1 protein.

Objective To detect the relationship between CAG repeat in IT15 gene and clinical manifestations of Huntington's disease (HD).Methods Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electro- phoresis method was used to detect CAG repeat.Clinical manifestations were scored by UHDRS and MMSE. Results Genotypes of IT15 were heterozygous in all 29 HD patients.CAG repeat in the HD chromosome, being 42—62,13—28 in normal chromosome,was inversely correlated with age of onset (r=-0.539,P

Osteoblasts are the most important mechanoreceptive and osteogenic cells.The loss of bone in microgravity is mainly due to the dysfunction of osteoblasts.Research on osteoblast cytology under simulated weightlessness has made great progress in recent years.Current experiments are focusing on the changes in the cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis, function and signal transduction in osteoblasts.This paper reviews the progress of the studies in this field.