Dissent and Disputes ; legislation & jurisprudence

Objective To explore the relationship between the serum level of E-selectin and S128R polymorphisms in the exon 4 of E-selectin gene and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in local Han peoples. Method The genotype of E-selectin were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 168 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 200 healthy controls,and the serum level of E-selectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There was significant difference in frequencies of allele and genotype in S128R polymorphism between acute myocardial infarction and control groups respectively,The relative risk suffered from acute myocardial infarction of SS genotype was 2.234 times of the SR genotype (OR=2.234,95% CI:1.112～4.437),The serum E-selectin level was significantly higher among carriers of SR genotype as compared with SS genotype (41.65?8.87)?g/L vs (34.23?6.72)?g/L,P

Objective To investigate changes in the healthcare and support needs during the diagnostic period,and factors that affect these needs in women with suspected breast cancer.Methods This study used an investigator-developed,self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 283 women on three occasions:notification cation of need for breast biopsy,before biopsy and after diagnosis.Results The total score of need before the patients told breast biopsy was (27.68 ±0.53 ),and was higher than that after diagnosis ( 26.80 ±0.47) and the highest score was that before biopsy,which was ( 27.93 ± 0.49),and the difference among the three groups was significant ( F=6.48,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; needs score before diagnosis was ( 28.83 ± 0.31 ) and (27.06 ± 0.46) after diagnosis in participants whose education background was senior middle school or above;needs score before diagnosis was (27.04 ± 0.34) and ( 26.92 ± 0.48) after diagnosis in participants whose education background was junior high school or below; the differences was significant ( t=- 44.09,- 2.40,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Need levels of women with suspected breast cancer vary during the diagnostic period,and are highest before breast biopsy,and related to personal characteristics and cultural context.Therefore,during this period,nursing staff should provide patients and families with cuhurally sensitive,individualized,supportive care.

Currently, pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) as practiced in many developed countries is different from ours in China. Chinese pediatric emergency medicine is just children's internal medicine and does not include general surgery, ear-nose-throat, etc. If children have an emergency condition that require specialized treatments they need to go to different departments. However in Canada, the pediatric emergency physicians will first treat the patients whatever the condition, then, if it is a complicated sub specialty problem, they will consult the specialist or let the patient see the specialist later. In addition, resuscitation is done in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China, but it is done in the emergency room in Canada. This article compares the differences in the pediatric emergency systems in Canada and China and also introduces the international standard system of pediatric triage.
Canada ; Child ; China ; Emergency Medicine ; education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pediatrics ; education ; Triage

Objective To study the meaning and importance of the implementation of diagnosis related groups ( DRGS) based costs control and clinical path management in breast cancer patients undertaking modified radical mastectomy. Methods 62 patients undertook modified radical mastectomy from February to August in 2009 were in control group; 62 patients undertook modified radical mastectomy with the implementation of diagnosis related groups based costs control and clinical path management were in experimental group; To compare the differences of the average hospitaiization days、average hospitalization fees and patients satisfaction between the two groups. Results There were statistical significances in the average hospitalization days、average hospitalization fees and patients satisfaction between the two groups ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions The implementation of diagnosis related groups based costs control and clinical path management in breast cancer patients undertook modified radical mastectomy can make a obvious promotion in continuous quality improvement, shorten the average hospitalization days, reduce the medical costs, increase patients satisfaction,and it is worth popularizing.