Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Erectile dysfunction(ED) is a common ailment in middle-aged and old men. Since tadalafil was introduced into the treatment of ED in October, 2002, more and more ED patients have chosen tadalafil due to its efficacy and safety. The action mechanism, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of tadalafil have been reported in many basic and clinical research documents. This review is to address the safety of tadalafil in treating ED, and provide further guidance for clinicians' choice and safer use of the drug.
Carbolines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Tadalafil

Background & Objective: Early life stresses, such as social isolation, have lasting effects on the development of emotion and behavior, in which vasopressin plays important roles. This study aimed to assess the possible association of central release of vasopressin with social isolation. Methods: The social isolation model was performed in male mice who endured 6-week social isolation after weaning. Vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) was measured with immunohistochemistry. Released vasopressin from PVN was measured with radioimmunoassay. Results: Vasopressin immunoreactive cells number decreased in the PVN, medial parvocellular division in social isolation-reared mice, compared to the group-reared counterparts. Social isolation decreased short social exposure-induced vasopressin release from PVN. Isolation-reared mice exhibited anxiogenic profile and difficulty in social recognition. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence for the important role of vasopressin in the development of emotional and social behaviors.

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect and underlying mechanism of total ginsenosides (TG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 was conducted to establish a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Kunming mice(1/2 males and 1/2 females)were randomly divided into sham-operation(Sham),model,total ginsen?osides 40,80 and 160 mg·kg-1 and prednisone acetate(5 mg·kg-1) groups. After 28 d administration,the histopathological changes in the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)and Masson staining. The exprssion of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung was detected by real-time PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)and glutathione(GSH),level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and hydroxy radical(·OH),activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the lung were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the pulmonary indexes in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were obvious. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH,activity of MPO and NOS were increased(P<0.05),but the content of GSH and T-AOC in model group was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,the pulmonary indexes in TG 80 and 160 mg · kg-1 and prednisone acetate 5 mg · kg-1 groups were reduced(P<0.05),and the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was mitigated. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH, the activity of MPO and NO were decreased (P<0.05),while the content of GSH and T-AOC was increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION TG can improve the degree of mice pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The mechanism may be related to the increased antioxidant capacity of organisms.

Objective To investigate the effects of high flow hemodialysis (HFHD) on cardiac function in uremia patients. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Sixty patients who were diagnosed with uremia, taken maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and 30 healthy controls admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Guiyang from December 2014 to June 2015 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups:HFHD group (HFHD three times a week) and the routine hemodialysis group (HD group, HD three times a week), with 30 in each group. Patients in each group were received hemoperfusion and hemofiltration once a month. Before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment, venous blood from all the patients were collected for testing the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and the ultrasound cardiograph were done at the same period by a special person, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), the left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), early and late diastolic blood flow to the largest ratio (E/A), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were recorded. Results Compared with the health control group, BNP, cTnT, LVEDD, LVESD, LVESV, LVPWT, IVST were significantly increased, LVEDV were significantly lowered before treatment in the HD group and HFHD group. But no significant differences in the above indexes and E/A, LVEF, LVMI between two groups were found. Compared with the data before treatment, the BNP, LVPWT were significantly lowered after treatment in HD group [BNP (ng/L): 641.50±60.09 vs. 2676.20±454.30, LVPWT (mm): 10.57±1.16 vs. 12.57±1.41, both P < 0.05]. The BNP, LVPWT were significantly lowered in HFHD group as compared with HD group [BNP (ng/L): 253.10±48.77 vs. 641.50±60.09, LVPWT (mm): 9.29±1.08 vs. 10.57±1.16, both P < 0.05]; in addition, the cTnT, IVST, LVMI were significantly lowered after the treatment in HFHD group compared with those before treatment [cTnT (μg/L): 0.014±0.005 vs. 0.028±0.011, IVST (mm): 7.81±1.69 vs. 11.04±2.23, LVMI (g/m2): 149.10±15.77 vs. 158.70±17.25, all P < 0.05], and the LVEF were significantly increased in HFHD group as compared with those before treatment (0.574±0.068 vs. 0.528±0.082, P < 0.05). Conclusion HFHD has obvious advantages than the routine HD in improving cardiac function of uremia patients.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are first-line oral medication for erectile dysfunction (ED). Compared with the other two PDE inhibitors (sildenafil and vardenafil), tadalafil is characterized by rapid onset, convenient dosing, excellent efficacy, especially the 36-hour duration of effectiveness deriving from long elimination half-life, allowing for more flexibility to scheduled medication. Higher satisfaction of patients and their partners with tadalafil is mainly due to such psychosocial benefits as decreased time concerns. Tadalafil is well-tolerated, consistent with the principle of safely, effectiveness and convenient dosing and is becoming the favorite choice of ED patients and their partners.
Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To develop an effective and broad immune protective H5N1 vaccine.Methods We first developed two recombinant vaccinia ( Tiantan strain) virus ( rTTV ) based H5N1 vaccines, which consisted of bicistron expressing the hemagglutinin(HA) and matrix protein 2(M2), or bicistron expressing the neuraminidase(NA) and matrix protein 1 (M1). The expression of H5N1 protein in rTTVs was confirmed. We immunized the BALB/c mice twice with two kind of dose ( 104 PFU, 107 PFU)using different combination. Subsequently, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune response in vaccinated mice. Results Our data showed that rTTV-based H5N1 vaccine induced rapidly robust HA- and NAspecific antibody level and IFN-γ secreting form cell(SFC) with either single dose of 107 PFU or twice dose of 104 PFU or 107 PFU. We also detected significant neutralizing antibody and matrix-specific immune response. In addition, we found that immunization with two kind of rTTV-based H5N1 vaccines induced much high level of M2-specific antibody than that with single of rTTV-based H5N1 vaccine. Conclusion rTTVbased H5N1 vaccines in this study elicited board array of immunity and our study offers a promising alternative H5N1 vaccine candidates with favorable potential to prevent various H5N1 pandemic.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prevalence of nasal carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in healthy children from Chengdu.

METHODSStrains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from nasal swabs of healthy children from five kindergartens in Chengdu from September, 2005 to December, 2005 and questionnaires were obtained. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed with agar disk diffusion and Bauer-Kirby on Mueller-Hinton medium method to determine CA-MRSA. mecA and PVL genes were detected with PCR in all of the CA-MRSA isolates.

RESULTSA total of 801 children were enrolled. Overall 147 children (18.4%) were carried with Staphylococcus aureus and 9 (1.1%) were carried with CA-MRSA. All CA-MRSA isolates were positive for mecA gene, and 5 CA-MRSA isolates were positive for PVL gene. Of the 9 CA-MRSA isolates, 6 were multiresistant.

CONCLUSIONSCA-MRSA nasal colonization is present among Chengdu healthy children. The CA-MRSA isolates are multiresistant and parts of CA-MRSA isolates carry PVL gene. The nasal carriage of CA-MRSA in healthy children should be a concerned issue.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Carrier State ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nose ; microbiology ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins

Bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Parvoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis