Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and safety of Shennong Ganzhining (SG) in treating fatty liver.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety patients with fatty liver were randomly divided into two groups. The 142 patients in the treated group received SG and the 48 in the control group received Zhibituo treatment for 3 months. The comprehensive therapeutic effect after treatment, symptoms, signs, liver function, blood lipids and blood viscosity, as well as iconographic parameters were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treated group was 80.98%, which was higher than that in the control group (75.00%), showing significant difference statistically (P < 0.05). Satisfactory effect was obtained in recovery of liver function, improvement of blood lipids, blood viscosity and iconographic parameters, no severe adverse reaction occurred.

CONCLUSIONSG is obviously effective in treating fatty liver with favorable safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prospective Studies

The rate of corneal graft rejection is still high for high-risk keratoplasty although immune suppression drug is routinely used.The role of traditional Chinese medicine in corneal transplantation is concerned gradually.Heijingpaichitang on the prevention and treatment of rats with high-risk corneal allograft rejection needs further study.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of heijingpaichitang on high-risk corneal transplantation immune rejection in rats.Methods Sixteen female SD rats were used as the donors and 32female Wistar rats were served as recipients.The high-risk corneal trasplantation models were established by corneal suture in 32 Wistar rats,and then homogeneity variant SD-Wistar corneal transplantation was performed.The recipients were randomized into model control group,cyclosporinc A (CsA)group,heijingpaichitang group and CsA +heijingpaichitang group.CsA,heijingpaichitang and CsA + heijingpaichitang was orally administered 4 days after operation once per day for 15 days,and normal saline solution was used at the same way in the model control group.Ocular anterior segment reaction was examined under the slit lamp and corneal opacification,edema and neovasculation were scored based on Larkin' s criteria.Rejection index of the corneal graft was recorded and the graft survival time was calculated.The pathological examination of the corneal graft was carried out in all rats,and the inflammatory cells in the corneas and CD4+ cells in the periphery blood were assayed using flow cytometry.The use of the animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results Corneal graft rejection occurred in 10 days after operation in the model control group,12-13 days in the CsA group and heijingpaichitang group and 22 days in the CsA +heijingpaichitang group.Compared with model control group,the scores of the corneal opacification,corneal edema and neovascularization were significantly lower in the CsA group,heijingpaichitang group and CsA+heijingpaichitang group (P＜0.05),and all the scores were declined in the CsA+ heijingpaichitang group compared with CsA group and heijingpaichitang group(P＜0.01),but no significant differences were seen in the scores between the CsA group and heijingpaichitang group(P＞0.05).The mean survival time of grafts was (10.38 ±1.69)days in the model control group,(22.50 ± 3.07) days in the CsA + heijingpaichitang group,with the significant difference (t =-9.790,P =0.000).The pathological examination of graft showed that the lymphocytes and new blood vessels were less in the CsA+heijingpaichitang group compared with CsA group and heijingpaichitang group 15 days after operation.Flow cytometry verified that the number of lymphocytes in graft,CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+ in periphery blood were significantly lower in the heijingpaichitang group,CsA group and CsA+heijingpaichitang group compared with model control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Heijingpaichitang can inhibit immune rejection to certain extent in high-risk corneal transplantation rat and has a similar effect to 0.1％ CsA.Heijingpaichitang and 0.1％ CsA have a synergistic effect.

This Synthetic Meintenance Liquor contains all kinds of nutritive substance that subsist the bacterium, and can preserve the bacterium for nearly ten years by providing energy needed by metabolism. It is a favorable culture medium to preserve bacterum long.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control strategies, measures and the effects achieved of malaria in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and to offer a reference for further strengthening malaria eradication and control successes. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to assess the prevalence, measurements, and impacts of malaria in different time periods based on data for malaria control in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and we created "semi-log" line graphs and charts to display the prevalence of disease and the effort done in prior years in terms of prevention and control. Results　Between 1951 and 2021, 527 780 cases of malaria were recorded in Huangshi, with an average annual incidence rate of 40.07/10 000. The prevention and control of malaria has gone through four stages, namely, the high prevalence of malaria stage (1951-1979), the basic elimination stage (1980-1999), the consolidation stage (2000-2010), and the eradication stage (2011-2021). Different strategies and measures have been adopted in different epidemic periods. During the high epidemic period, great efforts have been made to carry out general surveys and treatments, and strengthen the management of symptomatic patients; during the eradication stage, prominent and classified prevention and control strategies were adopted. When the incidence rate dropped to below 1/10 000, the main measures adopted were malaria monitoring, including timely discovery and standardization of infectious sources, disposal of epidemic points, management of migrant population malaria and vector monitoring. Through active prevention and control, remarkable results were achieved, and the incidence rate of malaria fell to below 1/10 000 in 1989, reaching the level of "basic elimination of malaria" issued by the Ministry in 1999, and passed the provincial malaria elimination acceptance in 2015. In recent years, with the increasing labor exports and foreign exchanges, imported malaria has been on the rise. African countries are the main sources of imported malaria, and the main species is P.falciparum. Conclusions　Malaria was once one of the main infectious diseases endangering the health of people in Huangshi City. The preventive and control methods and procedures adopted in different epidemic periods are effective. Currently, we have entered the consolidation phase of malaria elimination, with the focus of work being to monitor, report, and timely and effectively respond to imported malaria cases, thus reducing the risk of local transmission.

AIM AND METHODSUsing double immunohistochemical method for Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of adrenomedullin (AM) on catecholaminergic neurons and the expression of c-fos gene in rat brain nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation in order to define whether the effects of central administration of adrenomedullin (AM) were induced by activating the catecholaminergic neurons.

RESULTS(1) Following icy administration of AM (3 nmol/kg), Fos-like immunoreactivity neurons were markedly increased in several brain areas of the rat, including the brainstem, the hypothalamus and the forebrain. (2) Following icy administration of AM (3 nmol/kg), double-labeled neurons for Fos and TH increased significantly in the area postrema (AP), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) and the locus coeruleus (LC). (3) Pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonism CGRP (8-37) (30 nmol/kg) significantly reduced the action of AM (3 nmol/kg) in the brain.

CONCLUSIONAM activates the nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation in the forebrain, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, and that the central actions of AM are induced by activating the catecholaminergic neurons of brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation. CGRP receptor can mediate the effects of AM in brain.

Adrenomedullin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; drug effects ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Prosencephalon ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing horizontal periodontal bone defects by tissue engineering based on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)as seed cells and enamel matrix proteins(EMPs)as growth factors. Methods Two healthy rhesus monkeys were selected, and BMSCs were isolated from iliac marrow and serial subcultivation was conducted. The cells of induced BMSCs at passage 3 were harvested and mixed with Bio-oss collagen. The models of horizontal periodontal bone defects were established surgically in each buccal side of the posterior teeth, and were divided into four groups (blank control group, material group, cells/material group and cells/material/EMPs group). The histological and Micro-CT observation were carried out 8 weeks later. Results In the blank control group, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue. There was newly-formed alveolar bone in the material group. In the cells/material group, periodontal regeneration could be observed, while the newly-formed cementum was irregular and less in quantity. In the cells/material/EMPs group, the amount of newly-formed alveolar bone was larger, and the newly-formed cementum was continuous and regular. Conclusion The tissue engineering technique of BMSCs as seed cells in combination with EMPs induction can significantly promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Objective To explore effect of fetal lymphocyte on pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP).Methods Twenty pregnant women with ICP and 20 normal pregnant women were enrolled in the study.The single mixed lymphocyte culture/reaction(MLC/MLR)was conducted using inactive lymphocyte obtained from maternal peripheral blood and lymphocyte of cord blood from fetus.Antigen-induced-lymphocyte-proliferation-reaction was used for dermic soluble antigen and decidual soluble antigen obtained from maternal blood and cord blood from fetus.The intense of proliferation was calculated and compared between normal and ICP-complicated pregnancies.Results(1)The level of intense of proliferation of fetal lymphocyte was significantly increased in ICP group 2.75?0.36 than those of normal control group 1.45?0.19 in single mixed lymphocyte culture(P＜0.05).(2)The level of intense of proliferation of fetal lymphocyte was significantly increased in ICP group 1.45?0.19 than those of normal control group 0.67?0.24 in decidual soluble antigen induced lymphocyte proliferation reaction(P＜0.05). (3)The level of intense of proliferation of fetal lymphocyte was significantly increased in ICP group(1.22?0.44)than those of normal control group(0.66?0.27)in dermic soluble antigen induced lymphocyte proliferation reaction.Conclusions(1)The fetal lymphocyte may be one of the effector cells in pathogenesis of ICP.(2)The disturbance of fatal-maternal immune-tolerance is one of the important mechanisms underlying ICP.

Objective To explore the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple oral 20 mg escitalopram in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods A total of 12 subjects participated in the study. Escitalopram 20 mg was given orally once on day 1 and days 8 to 14 in the fast condition. Sequen-tial blood samples were collected over 144 hours on day 1 and 14 and a predose sample was obtained on day 12 to 14. Escitalopram concentrations in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC fluorescence method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software. Results Escitalopram disposition on oral administration is characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The mean t1/2 is 41.09 h, Cavis (76.4±26.8) μg·L-1, AUCss is (1832.4±642.4) μg·h ·L-1,AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞are (4765.9±2171.0) and (5385.6±2851.2) μg ·h·L-1, respectively; tmaxis (3.2±1.3) h;t1/2 is (41.1±17.7) h;CLis 5.0 L·h1. The mean accumulation index of AUC ( RAUC) is ( 1.2 ±0.3 ). Conclusion Escitalopram pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects given 20 mg once daily dosing regimen were characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The state -concentration oc-curre after 7 days of continuously dosing. There is no accumulation after continuously dosing.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF).

METHODSHPDLF were cultured in α-minima essential medium (α-MEM) and subcultured at confluence. In the hypoxic groups, cells were incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 1%O(2), 5%CO(2), 94%N(2) at 37°C for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. In the normoxic control group, cells were incubated under normoxic conditions of 20%O(2), 5%CO(2), 75%N(2). The mRNA expression of MMP and TIMP was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data was analyzed by Student's t test, one-way ANOVA and LSD test with SPSS 13.0 software package.

RESULTSThe expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in the hypoxia groups was higher than that in control. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups showed a significantly increasing trend. There was significant difference between the hypoxic group and the normoxic control group in the expression of MMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.01). The expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups of 12 h was momentarily increased. There was significant difference between the hypoxic 12 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). However, with prolonged hypoxia time, the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups showed a significantly declining trend, there were significant differences between the hypoxic 12, 24 and 48 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP-1 mRNA in hypoxic groups of 12 h was momentarily decreased and then increased after 24 h of hypoxia. There were significant differences between the hypoxic 48 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of MMP-1 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the hypoxic 12 h group and the normoxic control group in the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA (P < 0.05). The ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA in the hypoxia group significantly increased compared with normoxic group. There were significant differences between the hypoxic group and the normoxic control group in the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHypoxia could change the expression of MMP and TIMP mRNA and other relevant growth factors and also lead to the imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA expression. It is suggested that the imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 expression may be closely correlated with the occurrence and development of periodontal disease and play an important role in the process of periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis.

Adolescent ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; metabolism