The effects of the feed attractants on Whitmania pigra were studied. The average weight of Wh. pigra were 5.0 g. Arginine was selected as feed attractants, xanthan gum was selected as feed substrate. The times of Wh. pigra going into the inducing room were recorded. The water temperature was 22-25 degrees C during the whole experiment. Arginine that had better inducing effect was chosen to carry on in the gradient experiment. The results showed that the best inducing effect was found when the added amount of arginine was 0.3%, which was close to the arginine content of the natural body fluid of Wh. Pigra and Bellamya purificata, 2.97 mg x g(-1).
Animal Feed ; analysis ; Animals ; Arginine ; analysis ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; Feeding Behavior ; Leeches ; growth & development ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of high altitude on cognitive flexibility.

METHODSSimulated hypoxia at an altitude of 3 600 m was performed in a hypobaric chamber. Twenty-three volunteers without hypoxic experience were selected and the mean age was about 25.1 years. The physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation) were measured. Task switch paradigm was used to explore the cognitive flexibility in each phase, and the changing anxiety state was evaluated simultaneously.

RESULTSReaction time (RT) switch cost in hypoxia phase showed a significant increase compared with the baseline; anxiety level in hypoxia phase was higher than the adaptation phase; a remarkable negative correlation between anxiety level and RT switch cost was found in adaptation phase, whereas a positive correlation was found in landing phase.

CONCLUSIONHigh altitude (3 600 m) affects cognitive flexibility and anxiety state. Anxiety before the hypoxia exposure improves the cognitive flexibility performance, while anxiety after the hypoxia exposure hampers the performance because of the post-hypoxia effect.

Adult ; Altitude ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; psychology ; Male ; Reaction Time

Objective To analyze the pressure-driven streaming potential in a cancellous bone meso-mechanical model with numerical simulation, so as to understand characteristics of streaming potential distributions in cancellous bone. Methods Based on the control equations of electric field and fluid, the finite element method was used to calculate the streaming potential in the cancellous bone model when subjected to pressure. Results The streaming potential near the solid surface of the model was relatively large (about 43.4 μV), while the streaming potential away from the solid surface was smaller (about 19.7 μV). Pressure and Zeta potential had a significant impact on the streaming potential of the model, presenting a linear relationship with the streaming potential. The streaming potential was greatly affected when the ion concentration was low, whereas the effect on the streaming potential was small when the ion concentration was high. Conclusions This research finding provides a theoretical reference for prevention and treatment by stimulation methods of electric current and electromagnetic fields in clinical fractures, senile osteoporosis and other bone diseases.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of a treatment regimen based on daratumumab in patients with high-risk relapsed refractory multiple myeloma(MM)with mSMART 3.0 score.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 16 patients with mSMART3.0 score high-risk relapsed refractory MM treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to May 2023,all of whom received daltezumab-based regimen(regimen drugs including dexamethasone,isazomib,bortezomib,lenalidomide).The efficacy and safety of the treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The median age of 16 patients was 63.5(47-70)years old,including 10 cases of IgG type,2 cases of IgA type,and 4 cases of light chain type.The curative efficacy was judged in all 16 patients,with an overall response rate of 93.75％(15/16),including 4 cases of strict complete remission(sCR),1 case of complete remission(CR),2 case of very good partial remission(VGPR),partial remission(PR)in 5 cases,and minor remission(MR)in 3 cases.The median follow-up time was 11(2-30)months,and the median progression-free survival and median overall survival were not achieved in 16 patients at the median follow-up period.The hematologic adverse effects of the treatment regimen using daratumumab-based were mainly neutropenia,and the non-hematologic adverse effects were mainly infusion-related adverse reactions and infections.Conclusion:Daratumumab-based regimen for the treatment of relapsed refractory MM patients with high risk of mSMART3.0 score has better efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVETo test the effects of autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation on the hemodynamics in dogs with coronary microembolization-induced chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODSCHF models were successfully induced in 19 dogs and divided into ASMT group (n=9) and control group (n=10). The myoblasts were injected into the embolized region in the 9 dogs of the ASMT group, and saline was injected in the control dogs, and the hemodynamics of the dogs were evaluated 5 weeks after the injections.

RESULTCompared with saline injection, ASMT significantly increased dP/dtmax, MAP and LVSP (P<0.05) and decreased LVEDP (P<0.05) 5 weeks after myoblast transplantation. Desmin and Brd-U immunofluorescent staining showed myoblast survival at the injected sites in the dogs.

CONCLUSIONASMT provides mild improvements in the hemodynamics of dogs with CHF.

Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Dogs ; Female ; Heart Failure ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Male ; Myoblasts, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous

China ; Cost of Illness ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Mortality ; Poverty Areas

This study was purposed to investigate the efficacy of different whole flow lysis reagents for lysis of red blood cells in flow cytometric analysis. The expression of immunocytes was detected by flow cytometry after lysis of red blood cells using commercial reagents (Optilyse C, FACS Lysing Solution) and self-made red blood cell lysis reagents (RBC Lysis Buffer), the detection results were analyzed comparatively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of CD3e(+), CD3e(+)CD4(+), CD3e(+)CD8a(+), CD3e(-)CD19(+), CD3e(-)NK1.1(+) and Gr-1(+) cells between 3 different lysis reagent groups. However OptiLyse C solution was suitable to Gr-1(+) cell detection, but did not suit to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer and FACS Lysing Solution were suited to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. It is concluded that the use of self-made RBC Lysis Buffer for flow cytometry can get the lysis efficiency of commercially available lysis solutions when samples are prepared in accordance with standardized procedure. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer not only can satisfy experimental requirements, but also can reduce the experimental costs.
Animals ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Immune System ; immunology ; Indicators and Reagents ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVEPulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is regarded as a valuable biomarker in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study was to explore the changes of SP-D content in lung tissue following ALI and the effect of dexamethasone (Dex) on the SP-D content in young rats.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control, ALI and Dex-treated groups. ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4 mg/kg) in the rats from the ALI and Dex-treated groups. Normal saline was given for the control group. Dex (5 mg/kg) was administered 1 hr after LPS injection in the Dex-treated group. At each time interval of 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS injection, eight rats of each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed. Western blot was employed to detect the content of SP-D in lung tissues.

RESULTSThe pulmonary SP-D content decreased significantly at 36, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS administration in the ALI group, and reduced to a nadir (0.92 +/-0.11 vs 3.27 +/- 0.52) at 48 hrs compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The SP-D content in the Dex-treated group increased significantly at 36,48 and 72 hrs after LPS administration when compared with the ALI group (P < 0.01). A significant difference in the SP-D content between the Dex-treated and the control group was noted only at 72 hrs after LPS administration (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe SP-D content in lung tissue was reduced following ALI in young rats at the early stage. Early administration of Dex can significantly increase the pulmonary SP-D content.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Lung ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; metabolism ; Female ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Disulfide ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of combined administration of bear bile powder (BBP) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, CTX) on colorectal cancer liver metastasis by regulating tumor promotion inflammation microenvironment.

METHODThe CRC liver metastasis mode in mice was established through in situ spleenic injection of SL4 tumor cells into spleens. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: the model group, the CTX (80 mg x kg(-1)) treatment group, the CTX + BBP high dose (300 mg x kg(-1)) group, the CTX + BBP middle dose (150 mg x kg(-1)) group and the CTX + BBP low dose (75 mg x kg(-1)) group. Mice were orally administered with drugs for 12 days, and sacrificed on the 13'h day for weighing their spleens and lives, HE staining, and immunofluorescence analysis. Their peripheral blood, and metastatic tumor in spleens and lives were analyzed with flow cytometry.

RESULTSpleen and liver weights of the: CTX treatment group and other doses groups were significantly lower than that of the model group. HE staining and immunofluorescence analysis showed that lymphocyte infiltration was detected in normal tissues, and macrophages infiltration was observed around the tumor tissues. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of different doses groups were much higher than that of the CTX treatment group (P < 0.05), with the rise in the ratio of CD4/CD8; the total number of lymphocytes in spleen cell suspension increased in different doses groups, compared to the CTX treatment group, with notable increase in B cells (P < 0.05) and significant decrease in CD11b, F4/80 cells (P < 0.05). The combined treatment showed less monocyte macrophages in liver metastasis than that of the CTX treatment group.

CONCLUSIONThe combined treatment of bear bile powder and cyclophosphamide has the effect in not only protecting liver and increase immunity, but also in anti-inflammation and antitumor by regulating tumor microenvironment and reducing the collection of mononuclear macrophages. Particularly, the combined administration of low dose of bear bile powder and CTX shows the most significant effect in reducing inflammatory cell infiltration.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; physiopathology ; secondary ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tumor Microenvironment ; drug effects ; Ursidae