OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of SEN virus (SENV) infection in CHB patients in five cities of China.

METHODSA nest-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used for detection of SENV-D and SENV-H in sera of 595 CHB patients from 5 cities of China and 96 normal individuals from Beijing. A total of 7 SENV strains were analyzed by direct sequencing.

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of SENV in CHB patients and normal individuals were 61.3% and 62.5%, respectively (chi(2) = 0.047, P = 0.829). The prevalence rates of CHB patients between 5 cities were different. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the homology between 4 SENV-D strains was 91% - 98% and 95% - 98% between 3 SENV-H strains isolated from 5 cities in China.

CONCLUSIONSENV-D/H were prevalent in CHB patients of China and their prevalence rates were similar to that in normal individuals.

China ; epidemiology ; Circoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Circoviridae Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA Viruses ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence

Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; abnormalities ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate excretion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA (SARS-CoV) in stool of SARS patients.

METHODSSARS-CoV RNA was detected in stool specimens with fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reactions (FQ-PCR) in 101 SARS patients on the 10 to 55 days after onset, 27 non-SARS patients and 400 individuals with health check-up.

RESULTSSARS-CoV RNA was positive in stool specimens by FQ-PCR in 58 of 101 SARS patients (57.4%), and all negative in 27 non-SARS patients and 400 healthy individuals. Positive rate of SARS-CoV RNA was 100% (8/8), 67.7% (21/31), 47.4% (27/57) and 40.0% (2/5) on the 10 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 - 39 and 40 - 55 days after onset of fever, respectively, with values of logarithm of SARS-CoV RNA load of 6.06 +/- 2.05, 4.51 +/- 1.23, 3.82 +/- 1.44 and 3.57 +/- 1.25, respectively.

CONCLUSIONPositive rate and load of SARS-CoV RNA in stool of SARS patients was the highest at their acute phase, and decreased with the extension of its course.

China ; Feces ; virology ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology

A viable spermatozoon is a prerequisite for fertilization in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Thus, it is crucial to select viable but immotile spermatozoa on the day of ICSI. We report conflicting results in the identification of viable but immotile spermatozoa between the eosin-nigrosin staining and the laser test, which resulted in confusion for embryologists during assisted reproductive technology (ART). Three patients’ semen samples that showed no motile spermatozoa are described in this report. To identify viable spermatozoa, we used both the eosin-nigrosin test and the laser test for each sample, and repeated the semen analysis twice in each patient. Viable but immotile spermatozoa selected by the laser test were used for ICSI. Viable spermatozoa were detected by both the eosin-nigrosin and laser tests in two patients (case 1, 95.00% vs. 24.21% and 92.68% vs. 22.22%; case 2, 41.18% vs. 23.48% and 39.81% vs. 22.52%), indicating consistent results between the two methods. In the third patient, the eosin-nigrosin test yielded viability rates of 20.75% and 19.14%, while the result of the laser test was 0%. Thus, testicular aspiration was performed to collect viable sperm from this patient. Normal fertilization was achieved after the injection of viable but immotile spermatozoa selected from these patients by the laser test, resulting in the birth of two healthy babies. Our study documents a case where the eosin-nigrosin test showed a limitation in identifying viable but immotile spermatozoa for ART, while the laser test may overcome this limitation. Larger samples may be required to corroborate the clinical value of the laser test.
Fertilization ; Humans ; Parturition ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of malaria and explore the targeted control strategy in Guangxi from 2011 to 2018. Methods The malaria surveillance data were collected in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, and a descriptive method was employed to analyze the epidemiological features of the malaria cases. Results A total of 2 944 malaria cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including a case with local infection (0.03%) and 2 943 imported cases (99.97%). There were 2 933 cases (99.63%) positive for Plasmodium confirmed by laboratory testing, including 2 166 cases (73.86%) with P. falciparum malaria, 388 cases (13.23%) with P. ovale malaria, 276 cases (9.41%) with P. vivax malaria, 40 cases (1.36%) with P. malariae malaria and 62 cases (2.11%) with mixed infections, and 11 clinically diagnosed cases (0.37%). The malaria cases were distributed in 91 counties (districts) of 14 cities in Guangxi, with the largest number of cases found in Nanning City (2 515 cases, 85.43%). The malaria cases were originated from 29 countries in Africa (94.67%), 7 countries in Southeast Asia (5.10%), one country in South America (0.07%), 2 countries in South Asia and China (0.10%). In African countries, most malaria cases were from Ghana (1 947 cases, 66.13%), and in Southeast Asian countries, most cases were from Myanmar (75 cases, 2.55%). Most malaria cases were young men, and 2 899 cases (98.13%) were male, while 2 583 cases (87.74%) were at ages of 20 to 49 years. Gold washing and mining was the predominant occupation (2 561 cases, 86.99%), and the malaria cases were reported in each month across the year, with the largest number of cases detected in June (665 cases, 22.59%), while no season-specific distribution was found. There were 1 431 cases (48.61%) reported by disease control and prevention institutions, 1 511 cases (51.30%) reported by medical institutions, and 2 cases (0.07%) reported by inspection and quarantine institutions. During the period from 2011 to 2018, there were 6 deaths of imported malaria cases in Guangxi, and no secondary cases were reported. Conclusions The epidemic situation of local malaria has been effectively controlled in Guangxi; however, there is a great challenge for the management of overseas imported malaria. Strengthening the monitoring and management of migrant labors is the key to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.

OBJECTIVETo explore the methylation of CpG islands in promoter of eye absent gene 1 (EYA1) in microtia.

METHODSThe methylation of CpG islands in EYA1 gene in 64 microtias and 36 healthy controls were measured using the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight.

RESULTSThe methylation of CpG_Unit3 and CpG_Unit5 of EYA1 gene in microtia were 0.09258 +/- 0.033846 and 0.0922 +/- 0.02379, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control.

CONCLUSIONSHypomethylation in microtia may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of tissue expander in ear reconstruction and to deal with the complications.

METHODS50 ml kidney-shape tissue expanders were implanted subcutaneously in the mastoid area. The drainage tube was removed 3 days after operation. The suture was removed 10 days later. Since 7 days after operation, 5 ml NS was injected into the expander every time, three times a week. The total injection volume was about 60 ml. After that, the expander was maintained for one month.

RESULTSFrom January 1992 to December 2006, 5,248 patients of microtia were treated with 6,252 expander. After the maintaining period, the expanded skin was thin and well-vascularized. The complication rate was 7.79%, including hematoma, malunion and infection.

CONCLUSIONSThe quantitative tissue expansion is easily manipulated with few complications. It can provide hairless, thin skin with reliable blood supply for ear reconstruction.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the fabrication and application of three-dimensional autogenous cartilage framework in auricular reconstruction.

METHODSThe process of fabrication of three-dimensional cartilage framework consisted of cartilage harvesting, carving and assembling the cartilage. The rib cartilage was harvested separately. The three-dimensional framework was composed of three main parts:the helix, the base and the pad, at different layer. The framework was fabricated according to the development of rib cartilage and contour and height of the reconstructed ear.

RESULTSFrom January 1992 to December 2006, 5,248 patients of microtia were treated with 6,252 autogenous cartilage frameworks.

CONCLUSIONSThe three-dimensional framework is easily manipulated. The reconstructed ears look natural and had an erect contour. This method can effectively use the cartilage.

Braces ; Cartilage ; transplantation ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Prosthesis Design ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Ribs ; transplantation ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Suture Techniques ; Transplantation, Autologous

OBJECTIVEWU polyomavirus (WUPyV), a new member of the genus Polyomavirus in the family Polyomaviridae, has been found to be associated with respiratory tract infections recently. But the role of the WUPyV as agents of human disease remains uncertain. We sought to describe the detection and clinical characterization of WUPyV in acute respiratory tract infection in children.

METHODFrom July 2008 through June 2009, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 771 children who were hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection in Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, and from 82 asymptomatic children who visited the health checkup clinic. WUPyV was detected by using PCR technology and was identified by using DNA sequencing. All WUPyV-positive specimens were screened for 9 common viruses [influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 and 3, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, adenovirus and rhinovirus] by using PCR or RT-PCR. The clinical data of WUPyV infection were collected and analyzed.

RESULTIn this study, fifteen of the 771 tested specimens with acute respiratory tract infection were positive for WUPyV, the positive rate was 1.95% and all of the asymptomatic children who visited the health checkup clinic were negative. Of the 15 cases who were positive for the virus, the age range was 2 to 48 (mean 18.8) months, 9 (60%) were male and 6 (40%) were female. WUPyV was the sole virus detected in 9 specimens (60%) from patients with acute respiratory tract infection. WUPyV was associated with the co-infection with another respiratory virus in 6 of 15 (40%) cases, most frequently with RSV (n = 4), followed by adenovirus (n = 1) and rhinovirus (n = 1). The most common clinical findings in the patients with WUPyV were cough, fever and wheezing. The most frequent diagnoses were pneumonia (n = 8), bronchiolitis (n = 4), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2) and bronchitis (n = 1). A severe case was complicated with viral encephalitis.

CONCLUSIONWUPyV may be a respiratory pathogen because it was the sole virus detected in 9 specimens from patients with respiratory illness and all of the asymptomatic controls were negative. The most common clinical findings are cough and wheezing. Young children may be susceptible to infection with this virus and occasionally the infection with this virus may cause severe disease. More comprehensive and in-depth studies are required to prove the pathogenicity of these viruses.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polyomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polyomavirus Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology

OBJECTIVETo review the outcome of repeated percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

METHODSForty-three cycles of 31 cases of azoospermic patients which underwent at least two PESA or TESE for ICSI from January 2001 to December 2002 were collected. The sperm retrieval, fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy were analyzed.

RESULTSTwenty-four cases underwent PESA and 7 cases underwent TESE. There were not any complications in these patients. Compared with the first cycle of 154 cases, the fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 78.39% vs 73.64%, 19.68% vs 18.38% and 34.88% vs 37.91%, respectively(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRepeated PESA or TESE is safe and well tolerated in azoospermic patients. Compared with the first cycle, the differences of repeated PESA or TESE cycles in fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were not statistically significant.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; methods ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting ; methods