Objective To investigate the effect of menthol compound decoction on the growth and acid metabolism of cariogenic bacteria and to find out the anticariogenic mechanism of Menthol compound decoction .Methods Streptococcus mutans ,Streptococ‐cus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were chosen as the experimental bacteria .Firstly ,slip diffusion method was used to ex‐amine the inhibitory effect of menthol compound decoction on cariogenic bacteria .Secondly ,observing the effect of menthol com‐pound decoction of different concentration on acid metabolism .Results Menthol compound decoction could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis .And it also inhibited the acid production of cariogenic bacteria ,but the con‐centration of menthol compound decoction were different .Conclusion Menthol compound decoction may have an inhibitory effect on the growth and acid metabolism of cariogenic bacteria .

AIM:To investigate retinal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level and retinal cells apoptosis in the early stage of diabetic NOD mouse retina.METHODS:Animals were divided into the control group(non-diabetes mice)(2,4,6,8,12 weeks group,n=30)and diabetes group(2,4,6,8,12 weeks group,n=30).EUSA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)was performed to detect VEGF level in both serum and retina.Transmission electron microscope method was used to examine retinal cell apoptosis.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,VEGF levels in serum and retina were increased significantly in the NOD group(12 weeks:4.9±0.4μg/g versus 0.19±0.1μg/g in serum sample,P ＜ 0.01;165.0±9.0μg/g versus 18.0±4.0μg/g in retinal sample,P＜0.01).There exists a positive correlation between serum VEGF and retinal VEGF levels in the early diabetic NOD mice(γ=0.9902,P=0.001).The number of the cells apoptosis in the ganglion significantly in the NOD group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The high VEGF expression may be contributed to increase retinal cells apoptosis.Many factors associated with retinal VEGF expression might involve in the early diabetes stage.

Diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disorder presently affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and causing serious socio-economic problems. Spontaneous rodent models of diabetes mellitus have proved invaluable in understanding the pathogenesis, complications, and genetic or environmental influences that increase the risks of diabetes. We have reviewed here in the development and characterization of spontaneous rodent models that displayed most features commonly associated with diabetic retinopathy.

Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; standards ; Young Adult

Aldose reductase ( AR ) belonging to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) -dependent aldehyde-keto reductase superfamily, is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway which plays an important role in the body’s high-sugar metabolism. AR is widely present in the kidneys, blood vessels, lens, retina, heart, skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs, converts glucose to sorbitol which easy permeability of cell membranes, cause cell swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and have a close relationship with the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a multifactorial disease, the exact cause is currently unknown, but polyol pathway has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Clinical risk factors such as blood sugar control, blood pressure and other treatments for DR only play a part effect of remission or invalid, if we can find out DR genes associated with the disease, this will contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and contribute to the development of new treatments and drugs. The current research progress of AR, AR gene polymorphism, Aldose reductase inhibitors to DR was reviewed in this article.

Objective:To study the anti proliferation and inducing apoptosis effects of cytokine induced killer cells CIK cells on MGC 803 gastric cancer cell lines and to probe its underlying mechanism.Methods:To detect the anti proliferation and the cytotoxicity of CIK cells on MGC 803 gastric cancer line by MTT assay.The morphological changes of the apoptosis cell were observed by HE stain, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The positive expression of p53, p16,C myc were determined by immunocytochemistry (ICC).Results:MTT assay showed that the inhibitive rate inhanced obviously with the addition of Effect/Target rate and extension of time ( P

Objective To explore whether an individual' s intention to gamble varied across different types of gambling. Methods A total of 373 Macau students completed a questionnaire survey on intention to gamble dealing with thirteen types of gambling,and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Results The analyses showed two factors that had eigenvalues greater than one and explained a total of 59. 455 percent of the variance,with the largest factor explaining 32.59 percent. Participants' intentions to gamble were relatively lower in gambles of low counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 1.62 ± 1.13 ) to ( 2.20 ± 1.35 ), while the intentions were higher in gambles of high counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 2.34 ± 1. 39 ) to ( 3.02 ± 1.55 ). Conclusion Respondents' degree of intention to gamble was highly domain-specific, varying with the type of gambling.An individual' s intention to gamble is not consistent across all content domains, which implied that a potential gambler is not necessarily intended to gamble in all types of gambling.

Objective To study the protective effect of galanin on 2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ)-induced oxidative stress and cell damage in HEK-293A cells and its possible mechanisms.Methods The expression of galanin and its three receptors (GalR1-3) in HEK-293A were determined with RTPCR technique.The cultured HEK-293A cells were divided into four groups:Control,DMNQ,DMNQ + GAL and DMNQ + AR-M1896 and the cell viability was measured with CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS).Results The RT-PCR data revealed the presence of galanin and its receptors in HEK-293A cells.The expression level was in the order of GalR2 =Galanin ＞ GalR3 ＞ GalR1.DMNQ caused oxidative stress and cell damage in HEK-293A cells with a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 =13.4 μM.Application of galanin reduced the DMNQ-induced cellular toxicity in HEK-293A,which increased cell viability by 24.4％ and 18.8％ in 1 μM and 100 nM,respectively.AR-M1896,an agonist of GalR2 had a similar effect,increased cell viability by 8.7％ and 8.9％ in 1 μM and 100 nM,respectively.Conclusion These data suggest that galanin has a protective effect on DMNQ-induced oxidative stress and cell damage in HEK-293A cells,probably mediated by GalR2.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of breast.Methods 73 cases of breast SPC with or without invasive carcinoma were collected, and the clinical data and histopathologic features were analyzed with further investigation of transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method). Selected antibodies included cytokeratin (CK), myoepithelial markers, neuroendocrine markers, proliferation marker Ki-67 and ER,PR,c-erbB-2,etc.Results All the patients were females with mean age of 64.7 years.The presenting symptoms were either a palpable breast mass or nipple discharge.Metastasis was observed in 43 cases who had undergone axillary lymph node dissection. Histologically, the tumor displayed a solid-papillary growth pattern, with mucin production demonstrated in 25 cases. Intraductal papilloma was not uncommon at the peripheral area of the tumor. The tumor cells were polygonal, oval, spindled or signet ring-like and contained abundant eosinophilic to granular cytoplasm and mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. More than 5 mitotic figures/10 HPF were observed in 51 cases. 43 cases contained foci of invasive carcinoma which showed similar cytologic features as those of in-situ component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were negative for basal cell cytokeratin; positivity for smooth muscle actin-alpha and p63 were demonstrated in the myoepithelial layers of fibrovascular cores, as well as around the expanded ductolobular units.Most cases also showed cytoplasmic positivity for chromogranin A (89.0%), synaptophysin (86.3%) and neuron-specific enolase (95.9%).The proliferatiing index, as highlighted by Ki-67 imnunostaining, was 9.2%.The tumor mainly expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The staining for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was negative in the most cases. Neuroendocrine granules were seen under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm.Conclusions SPC represents a subgroup of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.SPC predilection in older women is associated with mucinous and neuroendocrine components. Follow-up data suggest that SPC has a good prognosis.

By takung advantage of atomuc force mucroscopes'( AFM) capabuluty of manupulatung and processung materuals on the mucroscale, we duscovered and unvestugated a top-down preparatuon method of buologucal macromolecular nano-fubrul arrays. 50μg/mL solutuon of rat taul type I collagen monomers was used to coat the muca surface to form a proteun membrane. In the AFM Contact Mode, the AFM tup then manupulated the membrane wuth appropruate force between 100 nN and 1 mN, thus producung patterned collagen nano-fubrul arrays wuth specufuc oruentatuons. The nano-fubruls are averagely 2-5 nm un heught and 150-350 nm un wudth. Based on the relatuonshup between the structure of such nano-fubrul arrays and the AFM scannung patterns, we unvestugated and duscussed the formatuon of the proteun fubrul arrays, and verufued the molecular broom mechanusm of the AFM tup. Thus preparatuon method could potentually provude an effucuent technuque to manufacture cell culture vessels, produce buologucal probes wuth hugh specufucutues, and synthesuze novel mucro/nano materuals as well.