Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Female ; Male ; Mice

Ginseng is a typical adaptogen which has resistance to various stresses. This effect is related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As the main active ingredients, saponin has the similar structure to steroids. The regulation characteristics of ginseng saponin on the HPA axis are narrated from the aspects of total saponin and saponin monomers in this paper after the introduction of adaptation definition and HPA axis regulation mechanisms. Pharmacological effects of ginseng saponin and the regulation effect of HPA axis are summarized finally.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; secretion ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; secretion ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; secretion ; Panax ; chemistry ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; secretion

Objective To study the clinical value of X -ray examination in the diagnosis of bone and joint trauma and soft tissue changes .Methods 60 patients diagnosed with bone and joint trauma admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected and given anterior and posterior X -ray, patients with no definite diseases were given varus -valgus position shooting in order to further determine definite diseases , relative data were then collected .Results X -ray examination could assistthe development of treatment plans .X-ray plain films could not directly demonstrate the soft tissue changes without the auxiliary method of MRI .Conclusion Patients u-sually only pay attention to the severity of fracture but ignore the obvious trauma fractures and soft tissue changes .The application of X-ray examination enables the patients to attach importance to the treatment of traumatic soft tissue changes, and is worthy of promotion .

2013 saw sustained and rapid development in the military medicine-related life sciences .New research fields, new technologies and devices continue to emerge , such as Brain Science Projects , 3D bio-printing, cognitive neuro-science, brain-computer interface and mind control , genome editing technology , neuroimaging techniques , protein research technology , Which will promote the all-round development of basic and applied research for military medicine .

Based on the analysis of the existing medical service process,the paper takespatient centered as the ultimate objective,and transforms the health service process from the view of informatization including smart hospital,regional health and family health processes.The design includes the health service modes of smart hospital,family health and regional health sub-modules,and provides ideas for the achievement of wisdom medical in the future.

Objective To evaluate miniature probe endoscopic ultrasonography (mEUS) in diagnosis of submucosal tumor (SMT) of upper digestive tract.Methods We observed 91 patients with SMT,and mEUS was performed to assess the lesions arised from the specific layer of the wall.Results Among all cases,leiomyoma was the most common,57 cases,found in esophagus more than in stomach;14 of cysts,9 of vascular lesions,5 of lipoma,and 2 cases of malignant stromal tumors.Malignant lesions and part of benign lesions were confirmed by histological examination.Conclusion mEUS is a simple,safe and effective method for SMT,and it can be clue to the location and nature of SMT.

Objective To investigate the relationship of circulating zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) as well as adiponectin with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans.Methods Serum ZAG and adiponectin levels were determined by ELISA in 285 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),and newly diagnosed cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The relationships between circulating ZAG and insulin resistance or metabolic parameters were also explored.Results Circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were all lower in T2 DM and IGT subjects than those in control subjects [ZAG:(37.14 ± 13.25 and 48.84 ± 18.74 vs 59.36 ± 16.20) mg/L,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ; adiponectin:(27.79 ± 11.23 and 33.00 ± 9.42 vs 41.81 ± 13.68) μg/L,P＜0.01].Circulating ZAG was correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin (all P＜0.01),and inversely with body mass index,waist-hip ratio,FAT％,diastolic blood pressure,triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,HbA1C,and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).By multivariate analysis,ZAG levels were independently associated with body mass index,HOMA-IR,diastolic blood pressure,and adiponectin (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions ZAG levels,associated with fat,insulin sensitivity,and adiponectin expression,are likely to play an important role in insulin resistance and energy homeostasis in humans.

Objective To determine health related quality of life (QOL) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify the factors affecting QOL. Methods One hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients with SLE were separated into different groups according to the type or stage of disease. Health status were measured by 1 health transition (HT) and 8 composite scales of the medical outcomes study short form-36 (SF-36). The mean scores for each subscale of the SF-36 for patients with SLE in China were compared to those of a health population in China and of foreign SLE patients.The effect of patients′age,sex,education level,disease duration,disease activity (assessed by SLEDAI score),and organ damage(assessed by SLICC/ACR DI) and treatment were analyzed. ANOVA, rank sum test and correlation analysis were applied for statistical analysis. Results Patients with SLE had significantly lower HT and mean scores in each subscale of the SF-36 compared to those of a health population in China,while the scores in such subscales as physical functioning (PF), bodily pain (BP), vitality (VT), role-emotional (RE) and mental health (MH) were higher than those of foreign SLE patients. The mean scores of those patients with lupus nephritis and center neural lupus or in active state were lower than those not or those in steady-going. The SLEDAI score and SLICC/ACR DI were the most important elements that affected the QOL in SLE patients and showed obviously negative correlated with one′s scores in SF-36. The glucocorticoid dose of patients was closely negatively correlated with one′s scores. The latter were also associated with age, education level and disease duration. Conclusion The health status of patients with SLE is mainly associated with disease activity,damage and therapy. The SF-36 is a valid instrument for measuring the health related QOL in SLE.

A retrospective analysis was carried out in 220 cases of nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFA).The diagnosis was based on negative immunohistochemical staining,no elevation of plasma hormone level,and no symptom caused by increased hormone level.Incidence of NFA was the highest(33.13％) among the pituitary tumors.It was more common in males than in females (132 ∶ 88).The highest prevalence resided in the elder group.N FA often caused pituitary apoplexy,and mainly presented as compression symptoms including visual field abnormalities (85.00％),headache (80％),hypopsia (68.66％),and other symptoms of hypopituitarism (44.04％).Imaging features showed tumor size usually within 2-4 cm (71.82％),and aggregated degree Ⅲ or Ⅳ (83.64％).

Objective To study peripheral blood lymphocytic ?-adrenoceptor(?-AR) densities and ?_1-adrenoceptor gene(?_1-AR mRNA) expression levels in patients with heart failure,to investigate the influences of different ?-adrenoceptor antagonists in ?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression levels.Methods 104 cases of patients with heart failure were randomly divided into non-?-adrenoceptor antagonist group(35 cases),metoprolol group(34 cases) and carvedilol group(35 cases),we repeatly determined the ?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression levels after two-month therapy.Results The ?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression levels in heart failure group reduced significantly compared to these in normal persons(P0.05).After two-month therapy,?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression levels in metoprolol group were significantly higher than those in carvendilol group and non-?-adrenoceptor antagonist group(P0.05).Conclusions The peripheral blood lymphocytic ?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression level down-regulates in heart failure,which correlate with the severity of heart failure but etiological factors.Metoprolol can up-regulate the ?-AR densities and ?_1-AR mRNA expression level,whereas carvedilol has no such effects.