Objective To investigate the CT,MRI features and differential diagnosis of central nervous system primitive neuroec-todermal tumors (cPNET).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 1 5 cases with cPNET proved by pathology were analyzed retro-spectively,and we summarized the imaging features and differential diagnosis.Results For this group,the average age was (8.82± 2.53)and the male to female ratio was 9 ︰6.All lesions located in supratentorial region,which had relatively large volume (average diameter of 6.3 cm),cystic necrosis (12/15),and no or mild peritumoral edema.cPNET showed isodensity,slight hyperdensity or slight hypodensity on CT plain scan,and demonstrated uniform or inhomogeneous enhancement.On MRI plain scan,solid part showed isointensity or slight hypointensity signal on T1 WI,isointensity or slight hyperintensity signal on T2 WI,hyperintensity sig-nal on DWI(12/15),isointensity(9/15)or slightly hyperintensity signal on FLAIR,and showed obvious uniform,honeycombed or irregular enhancement after enhanced scan,no enhancement in cystic necrosis.Conclusion cPNET have certain characteristics,inclu-ding the lower onset age,relatively large volume with well-defined edge and no or mild peritumoral edema,hyperintensity signal on DWI,isointensity signal on FLAIR.

Objective To study on the factors of sheep plasma method detect heparin potency and improved methods.Methods Acorrding to sheep plasma method, to study the bubbles, solids, pH and NaCl concentration on the heparin potency determination.Results The bubbles impact on the heparin potency determination was less.Solids were the main factors on heparin potency determination, containing solids protein hydrolysates heparin potency determination was (2.87 ± 0.01 ) U/mL, after removing solids potency was 24.60 U/mL, raised about 8.5 times.In the removed solids sample, when pH 7.5 to 9.5 had little effect on heparin potency determination, and pH 6.5 and 7.0 had smaller effect on the heparin potency determination.The presence of solids in the sample, as the sample pH rised, heparin potency determination also rised, at potency of sample at pH 9.0 was 3.4 times than that at pH 6.5.Enzymatic hydrolyzate mainly contain: 47.86% protein, 39.16% NaCl, 4.12% fat, wherein the protein was 91.34% of small peptides.NaCl concentration had no effect on the heparin potency determination.The improved method of recovery assay value was 98.92%~101.53%.Conclusion The method is reliable, the heparin output value calculated by measuring value in accordance with the process of practical production output.This method can be used for the determination the production process of each link in heparin potency of heparin.

AIM: To investigate the pathological changes of motoneuron's function and morphology after root avulsion in order to study the neurobiology mechanism of motoneuron death. METHODS: Twenty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-300 g were used. The C 5-C 8, T 1 roots of the right brachial plexus were avulsed. All rats were killed 3 d, 5 d or 1 week after avulsion. One group of the C 5-C 8 spinal cords freeze sections (40 ?m thick) were collected for the NADPH-d histochemistry with neural red counterstained. Another group of the C 5-C 8 spinal cords freeze sections (40 ?m thick) were collected for the c-Jun immunocytochemistry stain. The paraffin sections (5 ?m thick) were collected for HE stain. The amount of NOS-positive and survival motoneurons was counted. The percentage of NOS expression and motoneuron survive were quantitatively analyzed considering the amount of contra lateral motoneurons as one hundred percent. RESULTS: The NOS expression rate was 0.74%?0.59% (3 d), 24.84%?6.73%(5 d), or 51.16%?8.67% (1 week), respectively. The survive rate was 93.00%?4.32% (3 d), 93.67%?5.27% (5 d), or 89.83%?2.65% (1 week), respectively. The motoneuron expressed c-Jun as early as 3 days after avulsion. The expression declined afterward until one week after avulsion. There was no significant change on the size of motoneuron. The nuclear membrane was still clear but some nuclei were not located in the middle of the cell body. There were some nucleoli with the chromatin condensation. CONCLUSION: The motoneuron NOS expression and cell death were increased within one week after spinal root avulsion. meanwhile, the c-jun expression was decreased. The NO/NOS may induce the motoneuron death by inhibiting the regenerating reactions of motoneuron after root avulsion injury.

Objective To explore the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) on the birth weight and the brain weight of newborn rats with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Methods Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were mated together and the vaginal plug formation after mating was for pregnancy diagnosis.The day when the plug was observed was considered day 1 of gestation.Then,the pregnant rats were divided into IUGR group and sham surgery group.On day 17 of gestation,the uterine arteries of pregnant rats in IUGR group were clamped for 30 min by blood vessel forceps after abdominal cavity with clamping blood uessels was opened.The pegnant rats in sham surgery group only had abdominal cavity opened without clamping blood vessels.Then the pegnant rats in IUGR group received 9 g/L saline(IUGR group) or BDNF 1 ?g injected in the rat through caudal veins for 5 days after surgery(BDNF intervention group).After vaginal birth,the weight of newborn rats and their brain weigh were measured and analyzed.Results Compared with the sham surgery group,the birth weight and brain weight of IUGR group group rats decreased by 24.9% and 17.3%,respectively,the results were significant(Pa

To study the effect of cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells and the effect of coptisine (Cop) extracted from Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) in reducing and regulating cholesterol. In this study, TC, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c were measured by biochemical analysis; mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR, HMGCR and CYP7A1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. According to the results, cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol inducing could decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR and CYP7A1, so as to increase TC and LDL-c contents. However, Cop could up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR and CYP7A1 and down-regulate that of HMGCR, so as to reduce TC and LDL-c levels. These findings suggested that Cop has potential pharmacological activity for reducing cholesterol, and may reduce cholesterol by regulating mRNA and protein expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, such as LDLR, CYP7A1 and HMGCR. This study laid a firm theoretical foundation for developing new natural drugs with the cholesterol-lowering activity.
Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, LDL ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective To observe the efficacy of 810 nm diode laser therapy for keratosis follicularis.Methods A total of forty-eight patients with keratosis follicularis were treated by 810 nm diode laser,energy range from 9 to 10 J/cm2,frequency 10 Hz,pulse width 400 ms.Treatments were carried out in three times at 8-week intervals,and clinical efficacy was evaluated after third treatment (6 months).Results The total effective rates of keratosis follicularis were 91.7％.With the increase of the number the curative effect were obviously improved.The treatment effective rate was 52.1％ (25/48) for the first time.The treatment effective rate was 75.0％ (36/48) for the second time.And the third time was 91.7％ (44/48).the patients skin texture was obviously improved in the six-month of follow-up except adverse reaction appeared in five patients in the short term.Conclusions 810 nm diode laser is safe and effective for keratosis follicularis.

In order to assess the effect of long-term versus short-term intravesical chemotherapy in preventing the recurrence of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we searched several databases with words as mesh terms and free text words to find all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the comparison of the two strategies of instillation durations. "Observed-Expected events research (O-E)" and "Variance (V)" for calculating hazard ratio (HR) were used in Revman 5.2 software recommended by Cochrane Collabration for data analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were selected to minish heterogeneity. GRADEpro 3.6 profile recommended by Cochrane Collabration was employed for quality assessment of analyses. Finally, 13 eligible RCTs with 4216 patients were included in this review and 16 comparisons from 13 trials were involved for analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between long-term and short-term duration [HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.89, 1.11), P=0.89]. Within the subgroup analysis, patients benefited from long-term instillations with a start regimen of one immediate instillation [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.69, 1.00), P=0.05]. But patients were not suitable to receive long-term instillations with epirubicin (EPI) [HR=1.01, 95% CI (0.91, 1.13), P=0.78]. The progression rate was not reduced after long-term instillations [HR=0.96, 95% CI (0.66, 1.39), P=0.82]. From our results, patients should not receive introvesical chemotherapy more than half a year. In contrast, patients with one immediate instillation are preferred to have a long-term duration at least one year. Long-term instillations can not reduce the progression rate.

AIM: To investigate the significance and function of IFN-γ on the changes of peripheral blood platelet count during tumor-rejection induced by a low dose of melphalan in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS: Mouse tumor rejection model induced by a single dose of melphalan was used in this experiment. Different gene-type tumor-bearing mice (IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-)), which had the same genetic background of C57BL/6, were treated intraperitoneally with melphalan (7.5 mg/kg). Tumor size was observed and recorded every one to three days in these different gene-type mice subsequently. Blood samples were obtained from orbital venous sinus on different days before and after melphalan treatment, and then complete blood counts were performed. The function of IFN-γ on the efficacy of chemotherapy and the changes of blood platelet count in IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-) mice after melphalan treatment was analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in tumor sizes and blood platelet count between IFN-γ~(-/-) and IFN-γ~(+/-) mice (P>0.05). On the first day after melphalan (7.5 mg/kg) treatment, there were no significant changes in tumor sizes between mice in these two groups (P>0.05). Tumors shrank a little in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice and then grew gradually. Tumors relapsed in 2 w after melphalan injection in all IFN-γ~(-/-) mice, while tumor volumes decreased progressively and tumor cured at last in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice. The number of blood PLT in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice increased to (1935±378)×10~9/L 6 h after melphalan treatment, significantly higher than before (P<0.01); While in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice it was (1183±186)×10~9/L 6 h after melphalan treatment, no obvious increase than before. There was significant difference in blood PLT 6 h after melphalan treatment between IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-) mice (P<0.01). Later, the numbers of blood PLT in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice decreased gradually and it dropped to normal (1158±270)×10~9/L on 11th day after melphalan treatment (P>0.05); While it sustained in normal range in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice. There was no significant difference in blood platelet count between IFN-γ~(-/-) and IFN-γ~(+/-) mice. CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood platelet count increased on the first day after melphalan treatment and tumors cured in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice; While tumors relapsed and there is no increase in blood platelet count on the first day after melphalan treatment in IFN-γ~(-/-)mice. These data indicated that the increase of blood PLT count was related to the function of IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice in vivo during tumor rejection induced by a low dose of melphalan.

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic pathogenic protozoan, is widely distributed worldwide and can cause zoonoses, which is a serious threat to human health. Nowadays, the relationship between T. gondii infection and neuropsychiatric diseases has attracted researchers' attention increasingly. T. gondii infection is related to the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric diseases by affecting the nervous system, such as schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and so on. This review will focus on the relationship between T. gondii infection and neuropsychiatric diseases and summarizes the possible mechanisms of disorders resulting from T. gondii infection． It is expected that the study on the related pathogenic mechanism of T. gondii will lead to new therapeutic directions and feasible solution for the clinical treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases caused by T. gondii infection.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion therapy to mizoribine (MZR) for renal transplant patients who suffered MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Methods In 56 patients with adverse reactions at different time points after renal transplantation, there were 23 cases of pulmonary infection, 14 cases of bone marrow depression, 6 cases of hepatic functional lesion and 13 cases of diarrhea. The immunosuppressive protocols of these patients were changed to CNI + MZR + Pre when the adverse reaction occurred. During the follow-up period (11 to 53 months), the effect and adverse events of conversion treatment were observed. Results After conversion treatment, 1 of 23 patients with pulmonary infection was re-infected after 26 months and finally died of heart and lung function failure. In 14 patients with bone marrow depression, blood test returned to normal in 13cases. Six patients with hepatic functional lesion were administered hepatoprotection treatment and their liver function was restored without recurrence of impaired liver function. All 13 patients with diarrhea were relieved without recurrence. The serum creatinine was 123 ± 21.3 μmol/L and 119±18. 2 μmol/L before and after the conversion therapy respectively (P＞0. 05). During the follow-up period, all patients' graft function was good. The incidence of rejection was 1.7 % (1 case). Nine patients (16. 1 %) had a higher level of uric acid after conversion. One patient had finger and toe joint pain. The symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There were high security and good effect of conversion therapy to MZR due to MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Besides, MZR conversion therapy for renal transplantation patients provided a new option for individual immunosuppression.