Objective To explore the application of cardiac operation under direct vision through Lower median ministernotomy,and to search the new methods to improve the orthodox cardiac operation under direct vision.Methods The method of the cardiac operation under direct vision through lower median ministernotomy was used to 296 cases with heart disease who needed cardiac surgery,including 250 cases with congenital heart disease,40 cases with rheumatic heart disease,5 cases with left atrial myxom and 1 case with coronary heart disease.Results All cases performed the cardiac operation under direct vision through lower Median ministernotomy successfully without death and any residual.Conclusion The cardiac operation under direct vision through lower median ministernotomy can be used in majority cardiac operation under direct vision,it has well surgical and cosmetic result,but cannot be used in treating some patients with complex cardiac deformity or large heart.

The Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China 2025 edition is to be issued in March 2025. Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the basic requirements on the drug manufacture, drug testing, drug use and drug administration. The new edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia will be dramatically improved on the pharmacopoeia monographs included, establishing the standards system, standards conversion and application of drug quality control for the new technology, new method & new tool, drug control on the safety and effectiveness as well as the drug standard international harmonization. It will take important role on improving the drug quality, ensuring the safety of drugs for public use, strengthen technical support for drug administration, promoting the high-quality development of China’s medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper introduces the development and revision of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition,aim at helping the industries well understanding and implantation the new edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Background and purpose:At present, the relationship between tumor length and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients has been a controversial topic, and there have been few studies describing the effect of tumor length on clinicopathology and prognosis of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the tumor length on clinicopathology and prognosis of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients.Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of 686 node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients, conifrmed by surgical pathology specimens in the First Afifliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cut-off value was determined by decision tree model. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the prognostic factors of node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients.Results:In decision tree analysis, esophageal tumor length was correlated with an increasing hazard ratio for death with a cut-off value at 3 cm. No signiifcant differences were found in gender, onset age, lesion site and pathological type between 2 groups which were patients with tumor length≤3 cm and tumor length >3 cm (P>0.05). The only 1 difference between 2 groups was T stage (P<0.001), and tumor length had a positive correlation with T stage (r=0.373). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients with tumor length≤3 cm and tumor length >3 cm were 95.7%, 84.4%, 76.1% and 88.3%, 57.8%, 46.5% respectively, and the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.001). Tumor length was signiifcantly associated with overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusion:Tumor length has close relationship with T stage in node-negative esophageal carcinoma patients. Tumor length≤3 cm could be considered as T1-2 and >3 cm as T3. Tumor length is an important prognostic factor for esophageal carcinoma patients without lymphatic metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between copper and organic components, total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), total saponins of Astragalus (TSA) and total polysaccharide of Astragalus (TPA).

METHODTFA, TSA and TPA were extracted from Astragalus roots using different organic solvents, and determined by colorimetry. The concentration of copper in extracts was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

RESULTCopper was found in TFA, TPA and TSA, and its concentration in TFA and TPA was higher; the content of copper was correlated significantly to that of TFA and TPA (r1(2) = 0.754 8, F1 = 57.202, P < 0.01 and r2(2) = 0.499, F2 = 21.906, P < 0.01), while not to that of TSA ( r3(2) = 0.0026, F3 = 0.041, P > 0.1).

CONCLUSIONCorrelation analysis could reveal the relationship of copper with organic components in Astragalus roots; contents and structure characteristics of organic components might be important factors influencing the distribution of copper in Astragalus roots.

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Copper ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Background Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)function as the critical lipid mediators involved in several biological events in human body and play important role in suppressing the genesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.Many ocular diseases were proved to be associated with neovascularization.Objecfive The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of EPA on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) indueed by VEGF. Methods HUVEC strain was cultured and passaged,and difierent concentrations of EPA were added to the medium with and without VEGF.The cultured cells were identified by antiofactor Ⅷ polyclonal antibody.The suppressing role of different concentrations of EPA on the proliferation of VEGF-induced or-uninduced HUVEC was assessed by MTT method.The influence of difierent concentrations of EPA on the cellular cycle of VEGF-induced HUVEC was assayed using flow eytometry.The expression of Flk-1,a receptor of VEGF,in the HUVEC Was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Cultured HUVEC showed the ftlsiform in shape and presented with the cobblestone-like arrangement with the positive response for Ⅷ factor-related antigen.Various concentrations of EPA showed obviously inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced or-unindueed HUVEC at a dose-dependent manner (F=23.072.P=0.000).The inhibitory ability of EPA on VEGF-induced HUVEC was stronger than VEGF-uninduced HUVEC(F=41.417,P=0.000).In 24,48 and 72 hours,the action of EPA on the proliferation of HUVEC was gradually enhanced with the prolong of time(F=1.495,P=0.236).Cell cycle analysis indicated that EPA arrested VEGF-induced HUVEC in G0/G1 phase.The ratio of HUVEC in G0/G1 phase in EPA group was(75.83±1.56)%,and that in control groups was(68.62±1.44)%,showing a significant difference between them(t=-5.88,P=0.00),and no apoptosis of HUVEC was found in both groups.Flk-1 was strongly expressed in the cellular nucleus and cytoplasm in control group.However,the positive expressing intensity of Flk-1 in the HUVEC weakened,and the positive cell number was evidently less in EPA group. Conclusion EPA can inhibit the proliferation of VEGF induced HUVEC through arresting the synthesis of DNA of HUVEC and downregulate the expression of Flk-1 in HUVEC.These results suggest that EPA might exert an antiangiogenic effect.

OBJECTIVETo detect hypermethylated tumor-specific RASSF1A DNA in the circulation and its significance in ovarian cancers patients.

METHODSMethylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to study the hypermethylation of RASSF1A in preoperative serum samples from 51 ovarian cancer patients.

RESULTSThe RASSF1A gene was not methylated in peripheral blood samples from 51 normal patients and 51 patients with benign ovarian tumors. Hypermethylation of RASSF1A gene was found in circulating tumor-specific DNA in 43.1% of patients (22 out of 51 cases) with ovarian cancers (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hypermethylation of RASSF1A gene amongst various ovarian cancer subtypes (P < 0.05). On the other hand, hypermethylation of RASSF1A gene was more frequently encountered in stage III and IV than stage I and II tumors (P < 0.05). It was rarely seen in well and moderately differentiated groups, as compared with poorly differentiated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a higher frequency of RASSF1A hypermethylation in circulating tumor-specific DNA of ovarian cancer patients. RASSF1A has been postulated to play an important role as tumor suppressor gene and can be silenced by promoter hypermethylation. This methylation correlates with clinical stage and histopathologic grade. Such observation may carry diagnostic and prognostic implications when assessing ovarian tumors.

Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; blood ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; blood ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; blood ; pathology ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; blood ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo further analyze and identify effective components of anti-asthma in acupuncture serum.

METHODSChanges of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of rats with eosinophilia were observed for 10 days after intravenous injection of the different segments of serum (serum: normal saline = 1:20, 2.5 mL/kg, from the first day of the model establishment, for 3 consecutive days).

RESULTSAfter intravenous injection of different segments of serum, the eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood decreased significantly from the 3rd day as compared with those of the model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effective components of acupuncture serum from asthmatic rats treated by acupuncture for eosinophils are not a single component, and acupuncture stimulation may produce many kinds of components of anti-asthma.

Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Leukocyte Count ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the edentulous patients facio-maxillary characters, and discuss the base of recording jaw relation by swallowing action.

METHODSForty-three edentulous patients were included in this study, age ranged from 57 to 70 yr, with new comfortable full dentures. Two lateral cephalograms for one patient were taken by SIRONA digital X-ray dental system, one of which was centric occlusion with full denture, another was the end position of swallowing action without denture.

RESULTSThe vertical facial dimensions of male were a little more than that of female. The ratio of lower front facial height/upper front facial height was about 6/5, angle S-N-Po was about 78 approximately 80 degrees. These data may be useful for dentists to make diagnoses if the jaw relation is right or not. Both in vertical or anterior-posterior (horizontal) dimension, the differences between two groups (two actions in one patient) were not significant. It showed that two positions of two actions were the same.

CONCLUSIONSThe SIRONA digital X-ray dental system for cephalometry was swift, and had its own characters. The way of swallowing and occluding is one of efficient methods to record the jaw relation of edentulous patients veraciously and naturally.

Aged ; Cephalometry ; methods ; Deglutition ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw Relation Record ; Jaw, Edentulous ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Dental, Digital

Purpose To examine the expression of Fascin-1 and β-catenin protein and K-ras gene mutation in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and to explore their role in progression of colorectal neoplasm and their relevance. Methods Fascin-1 and β-catenin were analyzed by use of immunohistochemistry En Vision two-step. K-ras gene mutation was detected by ARMS method.Relationship between overexpression of Fascin-1, the nuclear expression of β-catenin, and the mutations of K-ras gene and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed, the correlation between them was also analyzed. Results In 112 colorectal adenocarcinoma samples, the overexpression rate of Fascin-1 protein was 27.7％ (31/112), significantly higher than non-neoplastic mucosa (P < 0.01). The high nuclear expression rate of β-catenin was 29.5％ (33/112) in adenocarcinoma and non-neoplastic mucosa respectively with a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.01). High expression rate of Fascin-1 protein and β-catenin were correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022, P = 0.027), and TNM staging (P =0.042, P = 0.019) in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression of Fascin-1 protein was correlated with tumor location (P = 0.004). The mutation rate of K-ras gene was 34.8％ (39/112), which showed no correlation with age, gender, tumor size, grade of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P> 0.05). There was a correlation between the overexpressison of Fascin-1 protein, the nuclear expression of β-catenin and the mutation of K-ras gene (rs= 0.252, rs= 0.258, P < 0.05). The overexpression of Fascin-1 protein positively correlated with the nuclear expression of β-catenin (rs= 0.213, P < 0.05). Conclusion Fascin-1 protein and β-catenin protein are involved in invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer and are associated with K-ras gene mutation. K-ras may promote the overexpression of Fascin-1 by virtue of nuclear expression ofβ-catenin, which provided a new research direction on the treatment of K-ras gene mutated colorectal adenocarcinoma.

There are sex differences in some brain areas in mammalians. Parkinson's disease (PD), caused by the mesencephalic substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuronal loss, displays sexual difference, i.e., the incidence is higher and the symptoms are more intense in males than that in females. However, it has not been known whether sexual dimorphisms exist in the SN. Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Female intact group (F-INT group); (2) Male intact group (M-INT group); (3) Ovariectomized group (OVX group); (4) Castration group (CAST group); (5) Ovariectomized + estrogen-replaced group (OVX-E(2) group): The rats received sequentially physiological dose of estrogen for 3 d from the 7th day after ovariectomization. P50 auditory evoked potential (P50) was recorded for 14 d from electrodes inserted in the rat right SN in quiet and awake state. After recording, the brain tissues were dissected and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing neurons in the compact zone of the SN were counted using immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the number of TH-positive (TH(+)) cells in the SN of normal male animals was less than that in normal female rats (P<0.05), and the T/C ratio of P50 in normal males was significantly less than that in normal females (P<0.01), indicating that there exists sexual difference in function and structure in the SN. No differences in the T/C ratio of P50 or the number of TH(+) cells were found between M-INT and CAST groups. The T/C ratio of P50 and the number of TH(+) cells in the SN in OVX group were reduced significantly compared with those in F-INT group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the T/C ratio of P50 and the number of TH(+) cells in the SN between OVX- E(2) and F-INT groups 15-20 d after estrogen replacement, suggesting that estrogen can promote the survival and functional recovery of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The results suggest that there exist sex-specific differences in the dopaminergic neurons in the SN structurally and functionally. The difference of estrogen level in cerebra between male and female animals may account for the sexual differences. Endogenous estrogen plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and modulating the functional activity of dopamine system in the SN.
Animals ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; cytology ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Characteristics ; Substantia Nigra ; cytology