Neural stem cells in brains have capacities of proliferation and differentiation, which is very critical to rebuild the cerebral cortex functions. Therefore, it is of great importance to find key targets and network pathways that regulate the proliferation of neural stem cells, which is also a pressing problem in the medical circle. With the Notch pathway as the core of the network, this paper summarized the advance of the bimolecular network system composed of Wnt, Shh, EGFR, cytokines and Notch signal, and analyzed such key nodes as Notch receptor, CBF1, NICD, Hesl, which may become potential targets of new-type drugs in the future. With the multi-component, multi-target, multi-lever characteristics, traditional Chinese medicines have many common grounds with the network pharmacology. The active component groups or active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines are one of the material bases for showing their network pharmacological effect, which is worth exploring. This paper aims to provide a new strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury with traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Biology

AIMTo explore the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on myocardium and its antioxygen index.

METHODS35 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Cage control, Tank control, SD 2 d, SD 4 d and SD 6 d. The "flower pot" technique was used to establish rats sleep deprivation model followed by record of surface electrocardiogram, detection of myocardium morphology changes under microscope and transmission electron microscope and investigation of MDA content and SOD activity of myocardial mitochondria.

RESULTSAfter sleep deprivation, heart rate increased and ECG showed ischemia of myocardium; subcellular organelles such as chromosome, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, intercalated disk impaired, myofibril lysis or necrosis, and lipid peroxidation reaction effects spread widely; edema, bleeding of the microvessels and invasion of the monocytes could be seen in the lumen. The MDA level increased and SOD activity increased followed by a decreased trend.

CONCLUSIONSleep deprivation can induce damage on myocardium, and the stress especially oxygen stress caused by SD may be the possible mechanism.

Animals ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation ; complications ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective: To observe the effects of acupoint thread-embedding therapy on serum apelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity due to dampness-heat encumbering spleen.Methods: Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with exenatide and metformin, while patients in the observation group were treated with additional acupoint thread-embedding. After 12-week treatment, the obesity-related indicators, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat rate, the glycometabolism indicators, including fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and the lipid metabolism indicators, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as serum apelin and GLP-1 levels were observed in patients of the two groups. Results: After treatment, the BMI, waist circumference and body fat rate of patients in the two groups were all reduced (all P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05); the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels of patients in both groups were all decreased (all P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05); the TC level was decreased (P<0.05), while the TG and LDL-C levels did not change significantly in the control group (both P>0.05); the TC, TG and LDL-C levels were all significantly reduced in the observation group (all P<0.05), lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05); the serum apelin level was decreased (P<0.05) and the serum GLP-1 level was increased (P<0.05) in the observation group, statistically different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined with the conventional medication, acupoint thread-embedding therapy can significantly improve the obesity-related indicators, glycometabolism and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity due to dampness-heat encumbering spleen. This may be achieved by regulating the serum apelin and GLP-1 levels.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza clusters in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2019, so as to provide references for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods: The data came from the epidemic investigation reports of influenza clusters in Hangzhou from the 27th week of 2018 and the 26th week of 2019. The time distribution, school types, population distribution and etiology of influenza were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors for the attack rate of influenza clusters. Results: During the surveillance season, a total of 231 school influenza clusters involving 4 233 cases were reported. The median of the attack rate was 21.74%. The peak of the clusters was in March 2019, with 89 events and 1 476 cases ( 34.87% ). The clusters occurred mainly in primary schools ( 188 events, 81.39% ) and were mainly caused by Victoria-like strains of influenza B virus ( 84 events, 36.36% ). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that infection of teachers increased the risk of high attack rate ( OR=3.133, 95%CI: 1.180-8.320 ), and kindergartens had higher risk of high attack rate than primary schools ( OR=4.123, 95%CI: 1.579-10.763 ). Conclusions The influenza clusters in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2019 is mainly caused by Victoria-like strains of influenza B virus. Kindergartens and teachers are the key points for the prevention and control of influenza clusters.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of H102 on the expression of amyloid protein and amyloid precursor protein in the hippocampus of APP695 transgenic mice.

METHODSThe 9-month-old APP695 transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group and the H102 group; C57BL/6J mice were adopted as normal control group. The H102 group were injected with H102 in a dose of 3 microl/per mouse in lateral ventricle, once a day, for ten days; while the model group and the control group were injected with saline. The hippocampus and temporal cortex of the brain sections from transgenic mice and wild type female mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry and Congo red histological staining, and observed the difference of the protein expression under microscope. The expression of the APP protein was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSAbeta and APP immunohistochemistry showed density of positive cell in the CA1 region of hippocampus of control group were less than model group. H102 peptide reduced the area, and density of positive cells. Congo red staining showed there were lots of amyloid plagues in the brains of model mice but not in the brains of normal control. And the Western blot showed the content of the APP protein of the model group was much higher than the H102 group. H102 significantly decreased the amyloid plagues.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of APP, Abeta are increased in APP695 transgenic mice, and H102 can decrease the level of APP, Abeta in transgenic mice.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; metabolism ; Amyloidogenic Proteins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between copper speciation and microbial features (microbial communities and copper tolerance level) in order to determine the adverse effect of different forms of Cu on microorganisms.

METHODSTessier's sequential extraction procedure was used to qualify the different Cu forms (exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe/Mn oxide bound, residue and organic matter bound), and the copper tolerance level (expressed as IC50, influence concentration) was measured by the plate-count method.

RESULTSBy simple correlation analysis, the IC50 was positively correlated with the concentration of exchangeable Cu (R2 = 0.8204), while weakly correlated with other forms of Cu.

CONCLUSIONThe bacterial community tolerance increases in the copper-contaminated soil while sensitive bacteria decrease in the copper-contaminated soils. The exchangeable Cu exerts high toxicity to microbial communities.

Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; China ; Copper ; analysis ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fungi ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants ; chemistry ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of the extracts from Decoction for resuscitation (DRE) and its component herbs on prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia.

METHODAfter treatment with the extracts from DRE and its component herbs, the contents of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as nitrite (NO), which were degradation products of PGI2, TXA2 and NO respectively, in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia were measured with radioimmunoassay and Griess Reaction.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the results indicated that DRE, prepared licorice root extract (LE), dried ginger extract (GE), aconite root extract (AE), extracts of aconite root and prepared licorice root (ALE), extracts of aconite root and dried ginger (AGE) increased significantly the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2, but had no effect on the content of TXB2 in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. The content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in the DRE group was higher than that in the groups of LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE. Compared with the control group, DRE, LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE increased significantly the content of NO2- in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. Moreover, the content of NO2- in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that DRE increased significantly the content of PGI2 and the ratio of PGI2/TXA2 as well as the content of NO. The effect of DRE on the parameters in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia was better than that of the extracts from its component herbs.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; cytology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) expression changes and the impact of ulinastatin (UTI) METHODS: Seventy-two healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, poisoning group and treatment group, with 24 rats in each group. The model of lung injury was established by intragastric PQ (80 mg/kg) administration in poisoning group and treatment group, and 1 mL saline was administered intragastrically in the control group. The rats in treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with UTI (100 000 U/kg) 30 minutes after PQ administration, and the rats in the control group and poisoning group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. After different treatments, the pathological changes and the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue was detected in 12, 24, and 72 h in three groups.

RESULTSIn the poisoning group and treatment group, the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue of rats were increased in 12 h after poisoning and reached the peak in 48 h; in 72 h after poisoning, the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue were decreased, but they were still high. Compared with the control group, the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue of rats were significantly increased in the poisoning group and treatment group (P < 0.05). And compared with the poisoning group, the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue of rats were significantly decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The pathological changes were observed, including alveolar capillary expansion, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and alveolar inflammation cell infiltration, were found in lungs of rats in poisoning group and treatment group. There is no significant change in the control group. Compared with the control group, the expression of 4-HNE in lung tissue significantly increased in poisoning group and treatment group (P < 0.01), but the expression in treatment group was lower than in poisoning group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of 4-HNE increased in PQ intoxicated rats. UTI may reduce the expression of 4-HNE and reduce lung injury in PQ intoxicated rats.

Aldehydes ; metabolism ; Animals ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the material foundation of the fusion of bcr and abl genes, and to explore the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia.

METHODSBy FISH combined with laser confocal scanning microscopy, the three-dimension (3D) distribution of bcr and abl genes in the interphase nuclei of normal and irradiated IM-9 cells was studied in each cell cycle phases.

RESULTSabl and bcr genes distributed non-randomly in the interphase nuclei of IM-9 cells. abl gene preferably located at the outer layer and bcr near the core of the nucleus. The two genes were drawn near each other most in G(0) phase. The relative distance between the homologous genes was greater at proliferation phase than at quiescence phase. After irradiation, the relative distances from the two genes to the core and between the two genes were shortened, with the shortest distance between the two genes in S phase.

CONCLUSIONIrradiation could change the 3D-distribution of abl and bcr genes in the interphase nuclei of IM-9 cell and accelerate them to draw near each other.

Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; radiation effects ; Gene Fusion ; radiation effects ; Genes, abl ; genetics ; radiation effects ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interphase ; genetics ; radiation effects ; Lymphocytes ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr ; genetics ; radiation effects