Antigens, Neoplasm ; urine ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; urine ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Brachytherapy ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Radiotherapy ; Taxoids ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography

Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Prostatic Diseases ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology

Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To study the characters of oscillatory potentials (OPs) of electroretinogram (ERG) after methanol intoxication in rats. METHOD: The SD rat models of methanol intoxication were established and divided into control group, 3-day intoxication group, 7-day intoxication group. The changes of OPs of ERG were recorded in a dark room. RESULTS: The total amplitudes of 3-day and 7-day intoxication groups decreased approximately 50% compared with that of the control group, while the schedule delayed approximately 16% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION The characters of methanol intoxication in rats included delay in schedule and decline in the total amplitude of OPs.
Animals ; Electroretinography ; Methanol/poisoning* ; Rats ; Retina/physiopathology*

alphaB-crystallin is the structural protein of vertebrate lens, which is widely expressed in non-lens tissue. As one of the heat shock protein family members, alphaB-crystallin possesses biological properties of molecular chaperones and anti-apoptotic effects. Multi-factor injuries, such as retinopathy, inflammation and nervous system diseases, have a closely relationship with alphaB-crystallin. This paper reviews the research progress of the expression and mechanism of alphaB-crystallin in retina and extraocular tissues and organs.
Crystallins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism* ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; Retina ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the correlation between contrast vision (LV) and sweep visual evoked potential acuity (SVEP-A) among people with emmetropia, mild myopia, and moderate myopia. METHODS: The CV and SVEP-A were tested individually in 96 eyes from healthy young volunteers, including 37 eyes of emmetropia, 27 eyes of mild myopia, and 32 eyes of moderate myopia. The statistic analysis was done by ANOVA analysis and rank sum test. RESULTS: (1) With the decrease of contrast, CV and SVEP-A decreased in every group. (2) At 100% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and mild myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). At 100%, 25% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and moderate myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). (3) In the same group, the difference of 100% and 25% contrast had statistical significance (P < 0.05). So was between 100% and 10% contrast. (4) At 100% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV and SVEP-A had statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CV of myopia relates to many factors including ametropia and fundus lesions. The correction of ametropia is important to the values of CV and SVEP-A.
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Eye ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Myopia/physiopathology* ; Neurologic Examination ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vision Tests/instrumentation* ; Visual Acuity/physiology*

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the androgen receptor (AR) isoforms expression in human benign and malignant prostatic tissues and LNCaP cells.

METHODSUsing high resolution isoelectric focusing (IEF), the different expression of AR isoforms were demosntrated in human benign and malignant prostatic tissues and LNCaP cells.

RESULTSData were obtained from 41 AR-positive BPH, three prostatic cancer specimens, and LNCaP cells. From these materials, three types of AR isoforms were detected with pI values at 6.5, 6.0 and 5.3. In the case of BPH tissues, 15 (36.5%) specimens expressed all the three types of isoforms at pI 6.5, 6.0 and 5.3, and 10 (24.4%) samples contained isoforms at pI 6.5 and 5.3, five (12.2%) samples indicated isoforms at pI 6.5 and 6.0, four (9.8%) showed the isoforms at pI 6.0 and 5.3. Of all the 41 specimens, two (4.9%) and two (4.9%) as well as three (7.3%) denoted the isoforme at pI 6.5, 6.0 and 5.3 respectively. As for three prostatic cancer specimens, one sample showed all the three types of AR isoforms at pI 6.5, 6.0, 5.3, but another specimen expressed at pI 6.5 and 6.0, and only one failed to indicate any types of isoforms. LNCaP cells expressed all three types of AR isoforms at pI 6.5, 6.0 and 5.3. Binding of 3H-dihydrotestosterone to these three types of isoforms was inhibited by the addition of 100-fold excess of DHT and testosterone. No effect of progesterone, oestradiol and diethylstilboestrol on tritiated hormone binding was observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of AR isoforms is different among various patients and different between BPH and LNCaP cells, though no clear explanation could be induced for this. These results suggest the possibility of explaining effective hormonal therapy to prostatic disease in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate concentration and distribution in blood and tissues of formic acid after methanol intoxication in rats. METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups for control group and 3-day and 7-day intoxication treatment groups. The experimental groups were administered methanol by gavage with the initial dose of 8 mL/kg and followed with 4 mL/kg supplemental dose 24 h later. After 3 days and 7 days later, rats were killed by decapitation. Then samples of cardiac blood, liver, kidney, brain, heart and stomach of each group were collected. Formic acid concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Formic acid concentrations in tissues were higher than in blood. Compared with 3-day intoxication group, there was an increase formic acid of concentration in brain and stomach in 7-day intoxication group, while a decrease in liver and kidney (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High performance liquid chromatography could be used to accurately detect formic acid. As the metabolite of methanol, formic acid accumulates in rat blood and tissues after intoxication and the concentrations in organs and tissues are obviously higher than in blood.
Animals ; Brain/metabolism* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Formates/blood* ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Methanol/poisoning* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

The critical role played by stroma-epithelium crosstalk in carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer has been increasingly recognized. These interactions are mediated by a variety of paracrine factors secreted by cancer cells and/or stromal cells. In human prostate cancer, reactive stroma is characterized by an increase in myofibroblasts and a corresponding amplification of extracellular matrix production and angiogenesis. Permanent genetic mutations have been reported in stromal cells as well as in tumour cells. Transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor signalling pathways are involved in the process of angiogenesis, whereas hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, epidermal growth factor, CXC12 and Interleukin-6 play active roles in the progression, androgen-independent conversion and distal metastasis of prostate cancer. Some soluble factors have reciprocal interactions with androgens and the androgen receptor (AR), and can even activate AR in the absence of the androgen ligand. In this article, we review the complex interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets in the stromal compartment of prostate cancer.
Cell Communication ; physiology ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; physiology ; Stromal Cells ; pathology ; physiology

Objective To assess the diagnosis and treatment of enterovesical fistula.Methods The clinical data of 12 cases (10 men and 2 women;mean age,57 years) of enterovesical fistula were retro- spectively analyzed.Of the 12 cases,7 (58%) had colovesical fistula,3 (25%) had ileovesical fistula,and 2 (17%) had rectovesical fistula.The etiology of fistula was intestinal malignancy in 7 cases,Crohn disease in 3 ,and bladder cancer in 1,and intestinal diverticulitis in 1.The clinical features included fecaluria in 10 cases,recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in 6,abdominal pain in 4,and pneumaturia in 3.Five patients (5/9) had a definite diagnosis by CT;3 (3/6),by cystoseopy;2 (2/5),by cystography;and 1 (1/5),by barium enema.Among the 10 patients undergoing surgical intervention,resection of the involved bowl with one-stage anastomosis and partial cystectomy was performed in 4;resection of the bowl with one-stage anasto- mosis and repair of the fistula or single bladder drainage in each of 2;one-stage transverse colostomy and two- stage radical colectomy with partial cystectomy in 1;palliative proximal colostomy in 3;and conservative ther- apy in 2.Results One patient died of septic shock 10 d after admission.Nine patients were followed for 3 months to 16 years (mean,6.5 years).One patient had intestinal fistula recurrence and was cured with re- operation;1 patient with conservative therapy and 1 with palliative surgery died of tumor metastasis;and 1 died of cerebrovascular accident 2 years later without fistula recurrence previously.Five patients undergoing surgery had a better survival with no complication.Conclusions The major cause of enterovesical fistula is intestinal malignancy.Fecaluria and recurrent UTI are the most common symptoms.CT and cystoscopy are the preferred adjunctive examinations.Surgical intervention is the major therapeutic choice.