Objective: To compare therapeutic effects of clopidogrel and loading dose ticagrelor on aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: A total of 160 aged STEMI patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into clopidogrel group (received loading dose aspirin and clopidogrel therapy) and ticagrelor group (received loading dose aspirin and ticagrelor therapy).Coronary TIMI flow grade, incidence rate of no-reflow after PCI, and incidence of cardiac adverse events and bleeding events in one month after PCI were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with clopidogrel group after PCI, there was significant rise in percentage of coronary TIMI flow grade 3 (71.25% vs.90.00%), and significant reduction in incidence rate of no-reflow (28.75% vs.10.00%) in ticagrelor group,P<0.05 all.Compared with clopidogrel group on one month after PCI, there were significant reductions in incidence rates of cardiogenic death (13.75% vs.3.75%), in-stent thrombosis (6.25% vs.0) and recurrent myocardial infarction (10.00% vs.1.25%), but significant rise in incidence rate of dyspnea (3.75% vs.12.50%) in ticagrelor group, P<0.05 all.There was no significant difference in incidence of bleeding events between two groups, P>0.05 all.Conclusion: Loading dose ticagrelor can effectively improve coronary blood flow, reduce no-reflow and its safety is good in aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.

Objective The population structure and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi in Changium smyrnioides from the different habitats and growing phases,and the effects of fungal elicitor on the cell biomass and polysaccharide accumulation were studied in this paper.Methods The isolation,culture,and identification of microorganism,and plant cell suspension culture technology were adopted;And relative data were analyzed by the statistical methods.Results In four producing areas,116 strains were isolated and classified into eight genera.The dominant populations were Fusarium LK.ex FR.,Geotrichum LK.,and Alternaria Nees.The population structure of endophytic fungi obviously changed at the different growing phases.Species and quantity of endophytic fungi were plentiful at the seedling stage and bud stage,and especially at the bud stage the isolation rate and isolation frequency were more than 30% and 19%,respectively.Some endophytic fungi had the obvious area and tissue specificity.Compared with the control by adding the elicitor of Fusarium sp.3,the yields of cell biomass and polysaccharide were increased to 31.86% and 38.01%,respectively.Conclusion Endophytic fungi in C.smyrnioides have abundant biodiversity.And there is close relationship between the population structure and distribution of endophytic fungi with ecological conditions.And fungal elicitors could obviously enhance the yields of cell biomass and polysaccharide of C.smyrnioides.

Animals ; Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxides ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and sFlt-1 in the preeclampsia placenta,and discuss their significance in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods Placentas were collected from 20 pregnant women with preeclampsia as study group and 15 normal pregnant women as control group.The expressions of HIF-1?,VEGF and sFlt-1 protein were semi-quantitatively analyzed with immunohistochemical assay and mRNA level was determined using reverse transcription polymerasc chain reaction(RT-PCR)technique. Results(1)the expression of HIF-1?and sFlt-1 protein in preeclampsia group obviously increased.Strong (+++)positive expression was observed in 9 and 11 cases respectively,significantly higher than in control group(2 and 3 cases)(P＜0.05),however,VEGF expression obviously reduced in preeclampsia group(P＜0.01).(2)the level of HIF-1?and sFlt-1 mRNA in preeclamptic placenta was 0.604?0.013, 0.898?0.041,significantly higher than 0.208?0.007 and 0.559?0.244 in normal placenta(P＜0.05). Although the level of VEGF mRNA increased in preeclampsia placenta,it was not significantly different from that in normal placenta(P＞0.05).The ratio of VEGF mRNA/sFlt-1 mRNA obviously reduced in preeclampsia group and was significantly lower than in control group(P＜0.05).(3)in preeclampsia group,HIF-1?mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of sFlt-1 mRNA(r=0.577, P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with the ratio of VEGF mRNA/sFlt-1 mRNA(r=-0.376,P＜0.05).Conclusion Abnormal high HIF-1?expression in preeclampsia placenta indicates that HIF-1?might play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia,possibly through affecting the cytotrophoblastic invasion and placental vascular reconstruction via the modulation of VEGF and sFlt-1 gene transcription.

Humans ; Infant ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

To study the effect of Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) on five types of isozymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) of normal and liver fibrosis rats by using the cocktail probe method. Dimethylnitrosamine ( DMN) was injected to induce the liver fibrosis model. After the tail vein injection with Cocktail probe solutions prepared with five CYP450s probe substrates (phenacetin-CYP1A2, omeprazole-CYP2C9, tolbutamide-CYP2C19, dextromethorphan-CYP2D6, midazolam-CYP3A4), the plasma concentrations of the five probe substrates were determined by LC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by PK solutions 2. After the oral administration with FZHY, normal rats given phenacetin, omeprazole, tolbutamide and dextromethorphan showed increase in AUC(0-t) and decrease in CL to varying degrees, indicating that FZHY obviously inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in normal rats, but with no obvious effect on the activity of CYP3A4. After the oral administration with FZHY, liver fibrosis rats treated with CYP2C9 showed the significant increase in AUC(0-t) and significant decrease in Vd, hut with no obvious changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of other four types of prove substances, suggesting that FZHY could significantly inhibit the activity of CYP2C9 in rats but had no effect on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The changes in the activity of CYP450 isozymes in liver fibrosis rats may be the reason for FZHY's different effects on CYP450 isozymes in normal and liver fibrosis rats.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; complications ; Panniculitis ; etiology ; Subcutaneous Tissue

AIMThe expression of VEGF in rat ovaries corpus luteum and its expression pattern were observed to investigate the effect of VEGF on luteal formation and regression.

METHODSThe model of immature rat of pseudopregnant was established using pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the expression of VEGF in corpus luteum was detected by immunohistochemistry, the levels of VEGF in corpus luteum was measured by ELISA, and the levels of NO in corpus luteum was measured by chemistry assay.

RESULTSVEGF expressed weakly in rat corpus luteum on the day 1, and enhanced gradually from day 3 to day 5, then went up to the peak on the day 7, and maintained to day 9. On the day 11, the expression of VEGF began to decrease. The levels of VEGF were similar to the expression of VEGF. The levels of NO appeared like double wave. The levels increased gradually from day 1 to day 5, and peaked on the day 7, then decreased on the day 9, while lightly increased on the day 11, and showed significant increase and reached the highest on the day 13, then decreased the lowest on the day 15.

CONCLUSIONThere is a intimate temporal relationship between the expression of VEGF and angiogenesis in corpus luteum, VEGF may play a role in luteum formation by improving angiogenesis mediated by NO, NO may play a role in luteum regression as a luteolytic during the late luteal phase.

Animals ; Corpus Luteum ; metabolism ; Female ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Pseudopregnancy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fallopian Tubes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Ovary ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

It is the objective of this paper to study pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) characteristics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 on the effect of inducing nitric oxide (NO) release after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with myocardial ischemia. The model of myocardial ischemia rats was produced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. The serum samples were collected at different time points after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with the dose of 10.8 mL x kg(-1). The concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum were determined, and then the concentration-time curves were drawn. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were calculated after the construction of pharmacokinetic models. Meanwhile, NO2- and NO3-, the metabolites of NO, in serum were determined, and then the effect-time curve was drawn. The combined PK-PD model was established based on the theory of effect compartment by Sheiner et al. Then pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 conformed to a two-compartment model. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 exhibited quick and slow elimination in rats respectively. The effect of Shengmai injection on inducing NO release did not relate directly with and lagged behind the concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum. The effect exhibited good correlation with ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 levels in effect compartment. The relationship between effect and serum concentration fits Sigmoid-E(max) model. This study successfully established the combined PK-PD model of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats. The model can efficiently predict the concentration and effect of Shengmai injection in vivo.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley