ObjectiveTo investigate the role of vascular endotheliar growth factor(VEGF),chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in Wilms tumor as well as their relationship with clinical features by examining the expressions of VEGF,CXCR4 and SDF-1.MethodsThirty cases of Wilms tumor samples and 12 cases of adjacent kidney tissue were collected from the First and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2003 to May 2008.Thirteen boys and 17 girls aging from 4 months to 7 years old of whom were 22 favorable histologic types and 8 unfavorable histologic types.By means of cytoplasm to dye buffy for masculine cell,staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells serve as the judgment criteria for being positive or negative.All tissues would be tested by hematoxylin and eosin stain at the same time.ResultsThe positive expression rate of VEGF,CXCR4 and SDF-1 in Wilms tumor were 63.33%,70.0% and 53.33%.Those in adjacent normal kidney tissue were 25.0%,8.3% and 16.7%.The 2 groups were statistically significant(Pa

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Colposcopy ; Conization ; Electrosurgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Vaginal Smears

Objective To investigate the clinical features of spinal muscular atrophy type Ⅱ.Methods The data of clinical manifestation,laboratory data, onset, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of 53 outpatients suffering from spinal muscular atrophy type Ⅱ (SMA-Ⅱ) were analyzed. Results Among 53 patients with SMA-Ⅱ confirmed by molecular genetic tests, 27 patients were male while 26 were female. The mean age was 3.35 years (ranged 0.75~7.8 years), and the age receiving gene diagnosis was 17.27 months. Only 15% had a family history,and abnormalities were found in 23% patients' mothers during pregnancy. 83.4% of them had water choke cough, while 87% expectoration weakness. None of them had cough assist machines and had regular spirometry monitoring. 53% of the patients took semi-liquid diet, however,none of them used stomach tube. Symmetrical flaccid paralysis was so remarkable, even muscle strength of lower limbs in 87.7% of these patients were only grades 1-2. 92% had scoliosis, while 83% had tendon contracture. EMG showed extensive neurogenic changes. All children did not accept normal pre-school education, and 85% patients did not accept formal rehabilitation. Conclusion Most of phenotype of SMA-Ⅱ for the children was similar and more severe in China. Most of the patient didn't get formal education, rehabilitation and care.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophies ; complications ; congenital ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; complications

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ; complications ; Vomiting ; etiology

AIM:To observe the effects of Dickkopf-3 ( Dkk-3 ) in diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) circulating blood in patients with the expression level, the Dkk - 3 development changes in the diabetic retinopathy of significance in the diagnosis of early DR.
● METHODS: Eighty - five type 2 diabetic patients, included the non - proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) 23 patients, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative DR ( PDR ) in patients with 30 and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR ) with 32 cases. The same period of healthy physical examination was selected as control group ( 80 cases ) . Serum samples were collected, and the relative expression level of Dkk-3 was detected by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELlSA) double antibody sandwich assay. The statistical differences were compared between groups.
●RESULTS: The plasma level of Dkk - 3 ( 430. 16 ± 198. 11pg/mL) in DR patients was significantly lower than that in healthy control group (627. 48±294. 45 pg/mL; P<0. 05 ) and NDR patients ( 601. 99 ± 194. 16 pg/mL; P<0. 05). While there was no significant difference in Dkk-3 level between NDR and healthy control group ( P =0. 729). The level of PDR in patients with Dkk-3 (396. 38± 185. 59 pg/mL) was lower than that of NPDR (538. 82 ± 187. 20 pg/mL;P=0. 002).
●CONCLUSION:The decrease of Dkk-3 level may be related to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy, and there is a significant correlation with PDR. Circulating blood Dkk - 3 protein in diabetic retinopathy has a certain differential efficacy, it is likely to become diabetic retinopathy patients peripheral blood test indicators.

Animals ; Endotoxemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Research on selective attention of mobile visual information is relatively scarce because of difficulties in technology, methodology and experimental condition control. As is well known, most visual information in the real world is mobile and changeable. To examine the mechanism of mobile visual information is helpful to designing natural and highly efficient human-computer interface as well as selecting specialized personnel in special fields OBJECTIVE: To explore the distractive effect of the number, color, and form changes of distractors on multiple-target tracking performance. DESIGN: The present study was a 3 × 2 × 2 within subject design. Participants were undergraduates from Beijing Normal University.SETTING: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was performed in the Experimental Psychology Lab of Beijing Normal University in April 2003. Twenty-four undergraduates from Beijing Normal University participated in the experiment. Among them there were 11 males and 13 females aged 17-25 years.They all reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal color perception.METHODS: ① Stimuli were presented on a 17-inch Founder monitor with the resolution of 1028 × 800 pixels. A Founder computer controlled the stimulus presentation and randomization of trials. Response latencies were collected by keyboard response with accuracy of one millisecond. The stimuli were randomly moving "日" characters. The number of "日" characters is 4, 8 and 12. As the participants were tracking the objects, the targets would transform to "(│)" and "(│)", and the distractors would change to "(│)" , "(│)", or "H" by removing lines from "日 ". All distractors and targets were red at the beginning of moving. ② The correct responses were analyzed with 3-factor repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple comparison analysis, and pairwise T-test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response time and accuracy of pressing the keys.RESULTS: The data of 24 participants were involved in the final statistical analysis. ① The three-factor repeated measures ANOVA results showed that the main effect of the number change of distractors was significant [F(1,22)=6.040, P ＜ 0.05]. The further ANOVA and pairwise comparison in different experiment conditions also showed no distractive effects when target and distractor had different shape but the same color [F(1,2,3)=9.965, P ＜ 0.01]. The further pairwise comparison indicated that when the number of distractors was 2 and 6, the participants' response latencies had no significant effects, and they had significant effect when the number of distractors was 2 and 10, or 6 and 10 (RT10-RT2=46 ms, P ＜ 0.05, two-tail test; RT10-RT6=28ms, P ＜ 0.05, one-tail test). These results showed that the increase in the number of distractors had distractive effects. ② There had no significant effect whether target and distractor had the same color or not, when the number of distractors was 2 and 10. And there had significant effects whether the color of target and distractor was the same or not when the number of distractors was 6; the same shape of target and distractor produced distractive effects (Tsame colons=1.926; Tdifferent colons=2.044,P ＜ 0.05, one-tail test). The main effect of the color was not significant. The further pairwise comparison showed the same result. That is,the color change of diatractors had no obvious distractive effect.CONCLUSION: ① There was distractive effect when the number of distractors increased while the shape and color of distractor and target were different. ② There was no distractive effect when the number of distractors increased while the shape of distractor and target was the same. ③ There was distractive effect when the number of distractors increased while the shape of distractor and target was different, and there was distractive effect when the color of distractor and target was the same.

AIM: To investigate the comparison of different types of catheter treatment of anastomotic ring canalicular effect.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis. A total of 114 cases 114 eyes were randomly selected between May 2013 to May 2015 jointly admitted to Huizhou Huizhou City People's Hospital and the Central People's Hospital of canalicular patients in accordance with the agreement of the annular catheterization divided into three groups, group A of annular nasal lacrimal duct catheterization in 36 eyes, group B for the whole nasal lacrimal annular catheterization in 33 eyes, group C between the upper annular tears point catheterization 45 eyes. Through the A, B, C three groups after 1, 3wk, 1, 3mo and 1y follow-up were analyzed to compare.
RESULTS:Group A of 31 eyes were cured, improved in 2 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 91. 7%;group B, 27 cases were cured, improved in 3 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 90. 9%;group C, 40 cases were cured, improved in 2 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 93. 3%. A, B, C three groups efficiency pointless difference (P=0. 124). Eye Effect: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=36. 578; P=0.002), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively( 3. 5±0. 8 ) and ( 2. 3±0. 7 ); comparison meaningless difference between group a and group B( t=0. 086, P>0. 05 ); Group A and C and comparison of differences between group C and group B have the significance ( t = 15. 241, t = 17. 472; P<0. 05 ). Nasal influence: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=778. 581;P=0. 001), the highest score in group B, group C minimum scores were(6. 6±0.8) and ( 0. 9 ± 0. 7 ); A, B, C three groups comparison of differences twenty-two have significance(t=17. 262; t=18.247; t = 16. 647; P<0. 05). Shape Effect: A, B, C difference among the three groups of meaningful ( F=481. 113;P=0. 002), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively(5. 8±0. 9) and(1. 2±0.6);Compare the difference between Groups B and C meaningless ( t = 0. 087, P > 0. 05 ); comparing the differences between the Groups A and B and between Group A and C were significance(t=26. 362, t=27. 532; P<0. 05 ). Unplug risk: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=751. 121;P=0. 003), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively(6. 5±0. 7 ) and ( 1. 5±0. 7 ); A, B, C three groups comparison of differences twenty - two have significance(t=19. 642; t=20. 153; t=18. 345; P<0. 05). Group A had 8 patients had lower eyelid eversion, 5 cases of inferior lacrimal point expansion, 13 cases of sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose syndrome. Group B had 20 cases of varying degrees of now sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose syndrome. Group C had no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Similar to A, B, C three groups of treatment efficacy, patient lacrimal functional recovery is safe and effective, which the group C treatment, during treatment and less material and fewer postoperative complications in patients, it is worth promotion.

Objective To examine clinical features, neuroimaging presentation and treatment of intracranial fungal granulomas (ICFG) in order to improve the accuracy rates of diagnosis and cure. Methods Three pathologically proven cases with ICFG were retrospectively analyzed. Cases of ICFG reported in literature were also summarized. Results Among the 3 patients with ICFG, 1 patient had a history of head trauma and craniotomy and 1 had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a long history of exposure to doves. In all 3 patients, the symptoms started with headache and vomiting, accompanied by low-grade fever, convulsion, and cranial nerve deficits. Intracranial mass lesion was revealed on brain computed tomography (CT) scan and (or) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without intravenous contrast. CT scan showed low-density lesions and granulations with ring and homogenous enhancement, indicating fungal abscesses. MRI in all 3 cases showed one or multiple circumscribed intracranial space-occupying lesion, with ring, heterogeneous contrast enhancement and perilesional edema. The treatments were initiated with craniotomy and surgical resection of granulations followed by intravenous injection of amphotericin B (AMB) combined with fluconazole. The daily administration of AMB was increased gradually from 0.25-1.50 mg/kg and the total dosage of 2-4 g should be achieved within 3 months. The combination therapy with fluconazole (400 mg/d ) was also given by intravenous injection. To increase penetration into cerebrospinal fluid, intrathecal injection of AMB had also been given at the maximum dosage of 1 mg every time, twice a week. Two patients were administered fluconazole (200 mg/d ) orally for 3, 6 months consecutively after completing the combination therapy of AMB with fluconazole, while the other patient refused continuous antifungal treatment 1 month postoperatively. All 3 patients were followed up for a period between 3, 24, 48 months. The 2 patients that completed full antifungal treatment were cured without recurrence. The other patient had improved transiently after operation but died after 3 months. Conclusions Because no distinct chnical and neuroimaging features are presented in ICFG, it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Indications for surgery include diagnosis, relief mass effect and increase efficiency of drug treatment. Use of appropriate and completed antifungal treatment decreases mortality. The treatment requires continued and long-term administration of antifungal medication to prevent relapses, whether granulomas are totally removed or not.