Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to observe the tissue tolerance of Ti-HA functionally graded-material (FGM) and the form of the material-bone interface.

METHODSThe sintered Ti -HA FGM, pure HA and pure Ti were respectively implanted into the parietal bone of rabbits. The specimens were observed by SEM at 2, 4, 8 postoperative weeks.

RESULTSIn the early stage, the new bone surrounding the Ti -HA FGM formed earlier with larger amount and better maturity than the pure Ti. The condition was similar to the pure HA. Two months after the operation, direct bonding of material-bone interface was formed between the Ti -HA FGM and the new bone as an integral body. However, there was a little space left between the new bone and the pure Ti.

CONCLUSIONSThe Ti -HA FGM has good tissue tolerance. Its early integration with bone is similar to pure HA and better than pure Ti.

Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Female ; Hydroxyapatites ; chemistry ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Titanium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEIdiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy (ICG) is a clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which is characterized by proteinuria (often nephrotic range) and rapid progression to end-stage renal failure. The typical pathological changes are global/segmental glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. Most ICG patients who have been reported in previous published papers are adults. ICG in children is rare. The study aimed to analyze and investigate clinical manifestations, renal histopathological findings, treatment and outcomes of ICG in children.

METHODSData of two cases of ICG, a 7-year-old boy and a 12-year-old girl, were analyzed. Both of them were Chinese and Han. Clinical characteristics, results of laboratory tests, renal histopathological findings, treatment, outcomes and prognosis of the two children with ICG were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared with published data.

RESULTSThese two children presented typical clinical features of nephrotic syndrome. The quantity of 24 hr urine protein was 7.6 g/d (0.47 g/kg x d for boy) and 10.67 g/d (0.35 g/kg x d for girl). Both of them had hypertension (blood pressure ranged from 130/90 to 150/110 mmHg) and hypercholesterolemia (15.4 mmol/L for the boy and 11.3 mmol/L for the girl). The serum albumin was 12 g/L for girl and 23 g/L for boy. The creatinine clearance rate gradually decreased from normal range to 30 ml/min for the girl. The histopathological changes in renal biopsy of them were focal segmental or global glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. These two cases were steroid-resistant and were treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and pulse intravenous cyclphosphamade in one case, who rapidly progressed to end-stage renal failure and died half a year later. Another one was treated with cyclosporine. He showed continuous hypertention and heavy proteinuria for eight months.

CONCLUSIONICG in the 2 children was a severe disease which presented steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive renal failure. The pathological characteristics was global/segmental glomerular collapse, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial lesions. In children with ICG treatment was difficult and the prognosis was poor.

Child ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Glucosinolates ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of the present study was to observe whether protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was involved in the regulation of ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex. The experiments were performed on anesthetized, immobilized and artificially ventilated rabbits. Peripheral chemoreflex was elicited by ventilating the animal with 10% O2-balance 90% N2. Changes in the peak amplitude and frequency of integrated phrenic nerve activity were observed. The ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex following 0.1 microl microinjection within the NTS of either PTK inhibitor genistein (10 mol/L), AMPA glutamate receptor inhibitor CNQX (10 mol/L),or inactive PTK inhibitor daidzein (10 mol/L) were recorded. The results are as follows: Both genistein and CNQX attenuated the ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex, while no changes occurred following daidzein. The amplitude of integrated phrenic nerve discharge and the phrenic burst frequency were decreased by (-21.77+/-6.93)% and (-24.70+/-7.61)% respectively after administration of genistein. CNQX resulted in similar decreases in the amplitude of phrenic nerve discharge (-27.13+/-7.63)% and the burst frequency (-21.34+/-4.88)%. In addition, the inhibitory effects of CNQX and genistein were the same whether they were applied alone or one after another, indicating that they had no cooperative effects. The results obtained suggest that PTK within the NTS regulates the peripheral chemoreflex control of respiration and that this regulation of PTK may be mediated through the phosphorylation of AMPA receptors in NTS neurons.
Animals ; Brain Stem ; enzymology ; physiology ; Chemoreceptor Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, AMPA ; physiology ; Respiration ; Solitary Nucleus ; enzymology

The change in plasma ghrelin level after 4-and 12-week adjunctive therapy of rosiglitazones in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea alone was observed and the relation between ghrelin and insulin resistance was analysed.The results showed that rosiglitazones significantly increased circulating ghrelin level and obviously decreased insulin resistance index after therapy for 4 and 12 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVETo study angiogenesis and regulatory factors in the proliferated prostatic tissues of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with BPH induced by testosterone.

METHODSSixteen castrated SD rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200 approximately 250 g, were equally randomized into a model group and a control group, and the BPH model was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone. Immunohistochemistry and MIAS (micro-image analysis system) were used to test the manifestations of MVD (microvessel density), VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor), flk-1, endostatin, MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2) in the prostatic tissues of both the model and the control groups. Multiple linear regression with the stepwise method was adopted to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe manifestations of MVD, VEGF, flk-1, MMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2 and VEGF/endostatin in the model group were higher, while that of endostatin was lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), and the manifestation of TIMP-2 showed no statistical difference between the two groups. The regression analysis indicated that MVD was positively correlated to VEGF, VEGF/endostatin and MMP-2/TIMP-2 (r = 0.974, 0.986, 0.982, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated to endostatin (r = - 0.975, P < 0.05) .

CONCLUSIONTestosterone could induce BPH in SD rats by increasing MVD and promoting the multiplication of vascular endothelial cells after regradation of basement membrane.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endostatins ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Prostate ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and the biological behaviors of prostate carcinoma (PCa).

METHODSThe expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR method in 32 samples of PCa and the COX-2/GAPDH value was determined. Seven normal prostate tissues were served as control.

RESULTSThe expression of COX-2 mRNA in normal tissue of 7 control cases was all negative. There was statistical correlation between the COX-2/GAPDH and the Gleason scores of PCa. There also showed statistical correlation between the COX-2/GAPDH and the stages of PCa.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 mRNA play an important role in occurrence and progression of the PCa. COX-2 is a tumor marker which may be the possible prognostic factor of PCa.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the role of carbamyl phosphate I (CPS-I)and ornithine transcarbamoylase (OCT) levels in cirrhosis patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy, and to analyze the correlations between CPS-Iand OCT with the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

METHODSCPS-I, OCT, plasma ammonia and liver function of 95 cirrhosis patients with hepatic encephalopathy and 25 cirrhosis patients without hepatic encephalopathy in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2009 were analyzed. 60 healthy controls were recruited in the control group. The differences of serum CPS-I, OCT levels among the cirrhosis patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy and the healthy controls were analyzed; the correlations of CPS-I, OCT levels with plasma ammonia and total protein in cirrhosis patients,and the correlations of CPS-I, OCT levels with Child-Pugh classification of cirrhosis symptom severity in cirrhosis were analyzed. the clinical characteristics between patients who had HE and no HE with chi-square tests were compared. Comparisons of CPS-I, OCT levels across patients based on the Child-Pugh classification were performed with One-Way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls, correlation of CPS-I, OCT with other indicators were performed with Pearson correlation analysis.

RESULTSSerum CPS-I and OCT levels in cirrhosis patients with hepatic encephalopathy were (143.3+/-48.5) U/L, (297.0+/-102.6) is multiplied by 10 U/L, which were lower than that in cirrhosis patients without hepatic encephalopathy (180.3+/-51.5) U/L, (351.8+/-109.0) is multiplied by 10 U/L (t = 2.53, t = 2.78, P < 0.01). Compared with healthy controls, serum CPS-I and OCT levels in cirrhosis patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy were all lower (t = 3.21, t = 4.16, t = 2.12, t = 3.15, P < 0.05). CPS-I was correlated with OCT, (r = 0.946, P < 0.05); CPS-I and OCT were negatively correlated with ALT and AST (r = -0.284, r = -0.239, r = -0.303, r = -0.322, P < 0.05). Additionally, CPS-I and OCT levels were negatively correlated with the Child-Pugh classification in Cirrhosis (F = 10.13, F = 20.28, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe serum CPS-I and COT levels were important factors affecting plasma ammonia in patients with cirrhosis and played an important role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

Adult ; Ammonia ; blood ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; blood ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations and risk factors of the patients from developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) family.

METHODSDetailed epidemiology investigation, physical examination, functional movement assessment, lab test and X-ray examination were applied to the whole members of a DDH family.

RESULTSIn the family with 9 generations and 218 persons, the incidence of DDH was 31.03% in 145 survivors. Patients mainly manifested bilateral knee and hip joint pain, flexion contracture of hip, limitation in internal and external rotation of hip; a few had arthritic functional disorder, deformation, and limp. The radiography illustrated shallow acetabulum with increased inclination, which encompassed the femoral head badly. Deformation of the femoral head, narrow joint space and osteophyte were also found by X-ray examination. The main risk factors of DDH were genetic factors, gender, birth season etc. The son or daughter with one or two DDH parents had a higher risk for developing DDH than those with no DDH parents. Furthermore, first-degree relatives of the DDH patients also had a greater chance to develop DDH than second-degree relatives and third-degree relatives. The incidence among females was higher than males, and the family member who was given birth in winter had a highest risk for developing DDH. However, there was no difference between incidence of DDH in children and youths and in adults; the incidence of DDH in the immigrants with no blood relationship also did not differ from the incidence of DDH in the family member.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic factors play an important role in the development of DDH, so do the environmental factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Family Health ; Female ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass (UPLC-TQ-MS) for determination of four terpene lactones.

METHODChromatographic separation was carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with isocratic elution of 70% methanol at a flow rate of 0.4 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was set at 30 degrees C; Waters Xevo TQ worked in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

RESULTAll calibration curves were linear (r > 0.990 3) over the tested ranges. The average recoveries ranged from 98.83% to 103.9% with RSD value below 3.0%. The contents of total terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves were significantly different in different ages. The contents in the leaves of young ginkgo tree were higher than that in old tree.

CONCLUSIONThe method was simple and fast with high precision, sensitivity and repeatability, which can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of terpene lactones in G. biloba leaves.

Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Lactones ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Terpenes ; analysis ; Time Factors