OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analeptic action of Xingnaojing injection(XNJI) in patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia and the possible mechanism.METHODS: 60 patients undergoing selective abdominal operation with tracheal intubation(scored grade Ⅰ or grade Ⅱ using ASA score) were transferred to post-anesthctic ICU(PACU) after surgery and randomly divided into two groups of 30 each: X group(XNJI 0.5 mL?kg-1) and C group(control group).The X group received XNJI(0.5 mL?kg-1) by drip infusion within 10 minutes,while C group received same amount of normal saline.The vocal reaction recovery time,autonomous breath recovery time,extubation time and duration of PACU stay were recorded.The mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),the concentrations of Epinephrine(E),and Norepinephrine(NE) and ?-endorphin(?-EP) in arterial blood were detected at 0,5,15,30 and 45 minutes before and after medication.RESULTS: No significant differences were noted for X group in hemodynamics parameters after medication as compared with before medication,but significant differences were noted for C group at 30 min and 45 min when compared with before medication or compared with X group at the same different time points.The vocal reaction recovery time,autonomous breath recovery time,extubation time and the duration of PACU stay were all significantly shorter in X group than in C group(P

Animals ; Endotoxemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mimetics still dominate the currently available PTP1B inhibitors. The phenoxyacetic acid moiety was taken as a pTyr mimetic herein and phenoxyacetic acid-based compounds 2a-2g and 3a-3c were designed. Among them, compounds 2a-2g exhibited potent inhibition against PTP1B, and compound 2g showed an IC₅₀ of 0.42 μmol·L^-1 against PTP1B. Compound 2f exhibited pharmacological profiles similar to that of rosiglitazone, and could improve the insulin sensitivity and the serum total cholesterol level. The results suggest that PTP1B inhibitors might be effective in treating type 2 diabetes as well as associated metabolic syndromes.

AIMThe changes of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) expression in mouse ovary during pregnant and postpartum period were studied to investigate the role of TIMP-4 in corpus luteum (CL).

METHODSRT-PCR was used to deter mine the change of TIMP-4 mRNA and indirect immunofluorescence was used to observe the change of TIMP-4 protein. The expression of TIMP-4 mRNA was observed in various periods throughout the stage of pregnancy and postpartum day 1.

RESULTSThe expression of TIMP-4 was gradually enhanced from day 1 to day 8, reached a maximal expression at day 8, while decreased at day 11 and to the lowest level at postpartum day 1. Indirect immunofluorescence results further indicated that TIMP-4 protein was localized to CL and theca-intera cells in various periods throughout the pregnancy and postpartum day 1. In addition, the change pattern of TIMP-4 protein agreed with that of the TIMP-4 mRNA in pregnancy CL.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of TIMP-4 in mouse ovary during pregnancy and postpartum is in spatio-temporal pattern and it may be involved in the formation and function maintain of CL during pregnancy in mice.

Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovary ; metabolism ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating severe a cute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

METHODSSixty SARS patients were diagnosed and observed according to the universal standard, and divided into the ICWM group (n = 31, treated with ICWM) and the control group (n = 29, treated by conventional western medicine alone).

RESULTSICWM showed better effect than that of western medicine alone in improving clinical symptoms, promoting the absorption of inflammation in lung, increased oxygen saturation (P < 0.01) and decreased the dosage of corticoid used (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of ICWM is better than that of simple western medicine in treating SARS.

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Single-Blind Method

OBJECTIVETo isolate antifungal compound from Paeonia suffruticosa, and to find the antifungal mechanisms by observing the ultrastructural modifications of yeasts in growth phase produced by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG).

METHODSPeony (Paeonia suffruticosa) root bark (PRB) was separated by solvent extraction and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using analytical and preparative reversed phase C18 column on the basis of bio-assay method. In order to investigate the antifungal mechanism of PGG, Yeasts were submitted to different concentrations [3 × minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), 0.3 × MIC] for 1 h under constant stirring at 30 °C, and transmission electron microscopy was performed.

RESULTSBased on the antifungal activity of PRB on Candida glabrata CBS138, the antifungal compound were isolated in ethyl acetate layer of PRB and identified as PGG by mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, with molecular weight of 940 and molecular formular as C41H32O26. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PGG degraded the cell wall envelope.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that PGG may be responsible for the antifungal activity of PRB by disrupting the structure of cell wall directly.

Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Candida ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

OBJECTIVETo explore a methods of 3-Dimension expansion of zygomatic suture in a goat model.

METHODSSeven goats were used in this study. The 3-D extensive applicator was designed and used to extend the zygomatic suture of the goats by placing it in the zygomatic bone through an infraorbital incision. Ten days after the first operation, it was gradually extended on a speed of 0.09 cm/d for 7 days. The zygomatic movement and the osteogenesis of the suture was evaluated in two weeks.

RESULTSThe zygomatic bone was extended for 0.6 cm long in average, and the osteogenesis was also shown significantly in the suture.

CONCLUSIONThe above mentioned technique could be a safe and effect method to be applied for the zygomatic extension.

Animals ; Cranial Sutures ; Goats ; Humans ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Zygoma

OBJECTIVETo develop a scoring system to measure the severity of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

METHODSThe clinical data of patients with MODS were collected and analyzed prospectively. Seven indicators were screened out to assess the functions of seven organs. Each indicator was scored from 0 to 4 points, with the 0 point representing the normal organ function, and 1 point to 4 points representing the dysfuntion to failure of the organ. Acording to the index and points a severity scoring system were developed.

RESULTSSeven indicators including the systolic pressure, oxygenation index, conscious state, peripheral blood platelet count, blood total bilirubin, and serum creatinine were used to represent the functions of seven organs. The seven organs included cardiovascular system, lung, brain, coagulative system, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. The severity scoring system were composed of seven indicators and their points. The total score was 24 points. The mortality increased along with the increase of the points (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONThis scoring system can be used to assess the severity of the MODS.

Humans ; Multiple Organ Failure ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index

BACKGROUNDThe infection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing yearly due to the overprescription of antibiotics. Traditional Chinese compound medicines are less inclined to induce bacterial resistance in the clinical setting because of their multi-acting mechanisms. However, most current research is limited to bacteriostasis in vitro using single extracts or formulations. Plasma pharmacology is an in vitro method, using what is called "medicine serum". The aim of this study was to investigate whether the medicine serum of compound Qingre granules (QRKL) alone or in combination with antibiotics may treat MRSA infection in the clinic.

METHODSAn animal model of MRSA resistance was created by injecting rabbits with the standard strain of MRSA ATCC43300. Infected rabbits were treated with QRKL by intragastric administration. Sixty minutes after the last intragastric administration, serum was obtained from the rabbits by heart puncture to obtain what is termed "medicine serum". The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of QRKL, medicine serum alone, or serum combined with antibiotics was assessed by agar dilution.

RESULTSwere compared with the growth of sixteen isolates of MRSA.

RESULTSThe MIC of QRKL to the standard strain ATCC43300 was 10.00 mg/ml. The MIC(90) of vancomycin was 1.00 microg/ml, which, when combined with QRKL, dropped to 0.50 microg/ml. The MIC(90) of cefuroxime alone was 512.00 microg/ml. This level also decreased to 256.00 microg/ml when combined with QRKL. The addition of QRKL thus significantly reduced the MIC of both cefuroxime and vancomycin compared with antibiotics alone (P < 0.01). The MIC(90) of vancomycin with medicine serum decreased to 0.50 microg/ml, and the MIC of vancomycin with medicine serum also descended compared with using vancomycin alone (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe growth of MRSA can be inhibited by QRKL or medicine serum of QRKL in vitro. The addition of QRKL results in increased sensitivity of MRSA to vancomycin and this may provide a novel treatment for patients with MRSA infection.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Vancomycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of bridging fixation with locking plate for the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to September 2014,18 cases of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture were treated by open reduction and bridging fixation with locking plate through proximal and distal approach including 16 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. Among them, 12 cases caused by traffic accident, 5 cases by falling, 1 case by heavy aboving. All cases were fresh and closed fractures. Time between injury and operation was from 4 to 9 days with an average of 6.2 days. Of them, 11 cases were fixed with reverse LISS and the other 7 cases were fixed with anatomical locking plates of proximal femur.

RESULTSThe mean time of operation was 110 min (ranged from 90 to 155 min). The mean blood loss during operation was 425 ml (ranged from 350 to 650 ml) and 16 cases got blood transfusion which was meanly 300 ml. The mean hospital time was 14 days (ranged from 12 to 18 days). The mean duration of followed up was 11.8 months (ranged from 8 to 22 months). The mean time of bone union was 6.6 months (ranged from 5 to 8 months). There was not any complication such as infection, implant failure, hip varus, external rotation deformity of low limb or fat embolism. The Sanders hip scores were 53.22 ± 6.48, the result was excellent in 12 cases and good in 6 cases at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONUnder the principle of biological osteosynthesis, treatment of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture with bridging locking plate fixation has such advantages as high mechanism, less interference of blood supply, stable fixation and little complication. It is a safe and idea way for the treatment of the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged