This study based on an ethical review of the kidney donation from a young man to his elder relative.We discuss the problems existing in present field of intra-vital organ transplantations,as well as its risk and the ethics review mode.It is recommended that ethics review is performed as a complete procedure,which should not only present in certain format,but also emphasize weighing the advantages and disadvantages of both patients and donors;intra-vital organ transplantations between relatives should also follow the principle of "no compensation and non-commercialization";hospitals should give out the judgment under sufficient considerations of both patients' and donors' benefits within the scope of laws,as well as taking into account of other factors such as prospective outcome of the operations,rather than barely basing on the risk probabilities.

OBJECTIVE:Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS:Applying meta-analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost

OBJECTIVE： Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS： Applying meta－ analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone， cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION： Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost

OBJECTIVE: To study the characters of oscillatory potentials (OPs) of electroretinogram (ERG) after methanol intoxication in rats. METHOD: The SD rat models of methanol intoxication were established and divided into control group, 3-day intoxication group, 7-day intoxication group. The changes of OPs of ERG were recorded in a dark room. RESULTS: The total amplitudes of 3-day and 7-day intoxication groups decreased approximately 50% compared with that of the control group, while the schedule delayed approximately 16% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION The characters of methanol intoxication in rats included delay in schedule and decline in the total amplitude of OPs.
Animals ; Electroretinography ; Methanol/poisoning* ; Rats ; Retina/physiopathology*

alphaB-crystallin is the structural protein of vertebrate lens, which is widely expressed in non-lens tissue. As one of the heat shock protein family members, alphaB-crystallin possesses biological properties of molecular chaperones and anti-apoptotic effects. Multi-factor injuries, such as retinopathy, inflammation and nervous system diseases, have a closely relationship with alphaB-crystallin. This paper reviews the research progress of the expression and mechanism of alphaB-crystallin in retina and extraocular tissues and organs.
Crystallins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism* ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; Retina ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the correlation between contrast vision (LV) and sweep visual evoked potential acuity (SVEP-A) among people with emmetropia, mild myopia, and moderate myopia. METHODS: The CV and SVEP-A were tested individually in 96 eyes from healthy young volunteers, including 37 eyes of emmetropia, 27 eyes of mild myopia, and 32 eyes of moderate myopia. The statistic analysis was done by ANOVA analysis and rank sum test. RESULTS: (1) With the decrease of contrast, CV and SVEP-A decreased in every group. (2) At 100% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and mild myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). At 100%, 25% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and moderate myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). (3) In the same group, the difference of 100% and 25% contrast had statistical significance (P < 0.05). So was between 100% and 10% contrast. (4) At 100% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV and SVEP-A had statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CV of myopia relates to many factors including ametropia and fundus lesions. The correction of ametropia is important to the values of CV and SVEP-A.
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Eye ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Myopia/physiopathology* ; Neurologic Examination ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vision Tests/instrumentation* ; Visual Acuity/physiology*

OBJECTIV: e To find the correlation between real best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and testing results of microperimetry and visual evoked potential (VEP) and to explore a new method in recording BCVA in macular disease. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with macular disease (macular disease group, 62 eyes) and eighteen healthy volunteers (control group, 36 eyes) had BCVA, microperimetry and VEP recorded. RESULTS: (1) By microperimetry, the values of retinal mean sensitivity and fixation percentage in macular disease group were lower than that in control group. The bicurve ellipse area in macular disease group was higher than that in control group. By VEP, P100 amplitude under 0.5 cpd and 2 cpd in macular disease group were significantly higher than that in control group and the latency was prolonged (P < 0.05). (2) In macular disease group, BCVA had significant positive correlation with retinal mean sensitivity, bicurve ellipse area, macular central 2 degrees and 4 degrees fixation percentage, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between retinal mean sensitivity and P100 amplitude (P < 0.05). (3) Multiple linear regression equation was y = 0.053 x1+0.008 x3+3.897 (y was BCVA, while x1 was retinal mean sensitivity and x3 was P100 amplitude under 2 cpd). CONCLUSION Combined use of microperimetry and VEP is useful in the assessment of BCVA in macular disease.
Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Eye ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/physiopathology* ; Retina ; Retinal Diseases/pathology* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity/physiology* ; Visual Field Tests/methods*

Objective To compare the effect of Solitaire AB and Enterprise stent-assisted endovascular embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. Methods The clinical data 218 patients with intracranial aneurysm treated with Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent in Guangdong General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy patients were treated with Solitaire AB stents and 148 were treated with Enterprise stents. They were followed up after procedure (2 months to 2 years). The Raymond grade and the modified Rankin scale (mRS)scores were used to compare the efficacy of the 2 kinds of stents. Results There were no significant differences in patients before procedure in the Hunt-Hess grade (Z = 1. 550,P = 0. 121),Fisher grade (Z =1. 537,P =0. 124),aneurysm size (Z =0. 192,P =0. 848),and position (χ2 = 0. 337,P = 0. 736)between the 2 stent groups,while there were no significant differences in patients after procedure in the instant Raymond grade (Z = 0. 682,P = 0. 495), follow-up Raymond grade (Z = 0. 206,P =0. 837),and mRS score (P =0. 662)between the 2 stent groups. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the stent type (Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent),Raymond grade follow-up grade (OR,0. 029 ,95% CI 0. 126 - 0. 199,P = 0. 661 ),and postoperative mRS score (OR,2. 000,95% CI 0. 204 - 19. 603,P = 0. 552)had no influence on the
prognosis. Conclusions In the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms using the Solitaire AB and Enterprise stents,the effects of both stents are good in the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the efficacy, technical tip, safety and complication prevention of combining Neuroform stents and Guglielmi detachable coils for treating acute ruptured giant intracranial aneurysms. Methods Among 10 cases who were diagnosed with giant intracranial aneurysms,Neuroform stents were released for supporting the neck of aneurysms, then micro-catheters were inserted into aneurysms through lumina of stents and coils were implanted. Results All the operations were completed successfully. There was no complication in these cases. The aneurysms were packed totally in 9 cases and partly in 1 case.Eight postoperative cases were followed up by 6 to 17 months. Neither bleeding nor thrombus was found, and all the patients recovered well. Conclusion Combining Neuroform stents and Guglielmi detachable coils for treating acute ruptured giant intracranial aneurysms is a safe and effective method.

Objective To develop an HPLC method for the measurement of n-3 fatty acid index of serum cholesteryl esters.Methods Serum triglycerides were hydrolyzed with ethanolic sodium hydroxide and cholesteryl esters (CEs) were extracted with hexane.The extracted CEs were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC with a UV detection at 205 nm.Cholesteryl eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate ( major n-3 fatty acid cholesteryl esters) were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and cholesterol in each CE fraction was measured.Peak areas of CEs were corrected for cholesterol and CE n-3 index was calculated using the corrected peak area and expressed as the percentage of n-3 fatty acid CEs in total CEs.Results The HPLC analysis can be finished in 6 minutes.Triglycerides which interfere with the determination of n-3 fatty acid index, were hydrolyzed with ethanolic sodium hydroxide (4 mol/L) in 30 seconds.The within-run and total CVs for CE n-3 index averaged 0.66% and 0.90%, respectively.CE n-3 indexes of 70 volunteers and 36 coronary heart disease patients apparently healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease in Beijing Hospital appeared to be positively skewed and leptokurtic distribution ( skewness = 1.25, kurtosis = 1.70 ).The median of n-3 indices were 0.98% ( 0.37% - 2.40% ).The logarithm of n-3 index appeared to be normal distribution and the average is 0.003 7% with standard deviations of 0.15.The distribution of n-3 indices of gender groups was similar with the total.The medians of females and males were 1.08% (0.60% -2.40%) and 0.95% (0.37% -2.11%) respectively, and the former were significantly higher than the latter( t = - 3.021, P = 0.003 ).Conclusion A new method for the measurement of n-3 index of serum cholesteryl esters by HPLC has been established.It is simple and precise and can be used in predicting cardiovascular diseases risks and monitoring dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids.