Child ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans

Intellectual property in medical institutions has been getting more attention in research activity.Large general hospitals have made significant achievements in intellectual property,and the management of intellectual property right has also gradually become the norm.This article discussed the possibility to carry out the intellectual property management in the primary health care sector,based on their current status and characteristics,proposed an evaluation system which suitable for the primary health care sector.We described the structure and method of this system,explored a standardized intellectual property management process used in primary health care institutions.

Objective : To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza among the elderly in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021 (April 2017 to March 2022), so as to provide insights into influenza control among the elderly. Methods : The data pertaining to surveillance of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) at ages of 60 years and older in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021 were retrieved from Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information Management, and the temporal distribution of ILI cases and the results of influenza virus tests were descriptively analyzed. Results : Totally 26 908 ILI cases at ages of 60 years and older were reported in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021, with an ILI prevalence rate of 0.17%. The prevalence of ILI appeared a tendency towards a rise in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021 (χ2trend=268.554, P<0.001), and the epidemic peaked in the 3rd to 7th weeks of 2019 and 2020. The overall positive rate of influenza virus was 6.80%, and the positive rate of influenza virus showed a tendency towards a decline from 2017 to 2021 (χ2trend=425.268, P<0.001). Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (46.82%) and A (H3N2) (22.79%), as well as influenza B virus lineages B/Victoria (12.11%) and B/Yamagata (18.28%) were predominant types, which changes among the study period. The detection of influenza virus-positive samples peaked from December to March of the next year, and a high positive rate of influenza virus was detected in Hegang (12.35%), Heihe (11.47%) and Daqing cities (11.07%). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of ILI and the positive rate of influenza virus in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021 (rs=-0.800, P=0.104). Conclusions The prevalence of ILI appeared a tendency towards a rise among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Heilongjiang Province from 2017 to 2021, and the epidemic peaked in winter and spring. Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2), B/Victoria, B/Yamagata were alternately prevalent and there was no obvious correlation between ILI prevalence and the positive rate of influenza virus.

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI/CLA-1) are the key proteins in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The high expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI/CLA-1 can decrease the danger of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study is to find ABCA1 and CLA-1up-regulators for treating atherosclerosis by using cell-based high throughput screening models. Among 20 000 compounds screened, E0869 [1-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yll4-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)benzoate] was found as the positive hit. The up-regulated activities of E0869 in ABCAl1-LUC and bCA-l1-LUC HepG2 cell were 160% and 175%, respectively. The EC50 values of E0869 in ABCAl1-LUC and CLA-l1-LUC HepG2 cell were 3.79 and 1.42 pμol- x ,(-1) respectively. E0869 could upregulate the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1, SR-BI/CLA-1 and ABCGJ1genes in HepG2 and RAW264.7 cells by Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis, but could not influence the expression of FAS, SREBP-l1 and CD36. Foam cell assay showed that E0869 could inhibit lipids accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7. Cholesterol efflux assay showed that E0869 could induce HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7. In conclusion, E0869 could up-regulate ABCA1 and CLA-1 activity, and had good anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Biological Transport ; Cholesterol ; Hep G2 Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

AIMTo investigate the effect of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on cardiac function and its mechanism.

METHODSThe Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus and a guide cannula placed in the left hypophysiotropic area, through which TRH were microinjected in presence or absence of L-NAME and atropine. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), heart rate (HR) and the maximum velocity of ascending or descending in intraventricular pressure (+/- dp/dt(max)) were recorded.

RESULTS(1) TRH microinjected into the hypophysiotropic area induced a significant increase of LVSP, HR, dp/dt and-dp/dt(max) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) L-NAME significant increased LVSP and pretreatment with L-NAME inhibited the positive effects induced by TRH. (3) Atropine increased LVSP and dp/dt(max) (P < 0.05), but it significantly descended heart rate (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with atropine weakened the tachycardiac response induced by TRH.

CONCLUSION(1) Hypothalamic TRH can produce positive inotropic and chronotropic response to myocardium. (2) Hypothalamic endogenous NO can descend LVSP, but has no effects on HR, dp/dt(max), and-dp/dt(max). The effect of TRH is through nitric oxide-dependent pathway. (3) Hypothalamic endogenous cholinergic transmitter can produce negative chronotropic and positive inotropic response to myocardium. Hypothalamic TRH mediates cardiac function maybe partly through cholinergic M receptor.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; Hypothalamus ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo understand the changing trend on the way of delivery since 1970s and its related factors that influencing the attitude of choice on Cesarean section (C-section) in women at child-bearing age.

METHODSA face-to-face interview was conducted anonymously in pregnant and lying-in women visited at the out-patient department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tiantan Hospital of Beijing. Totally, 415 women at child-bearing age, with a history of previous birth were interviewed on date, place and way of delivery of last birth, as well as on information that could have had impact on the choice of C-section.

RESULTSThe average rate of C-section in Tiantan Hospital had been 29% since the year of 2000, much higher than that during 1970s, 1980s and 1990s (chi(2) = 22.81, P = 0.001) which showed an increasing trend. Rate of C-section among lying-in women with native Beijing origin was 25.0%, significantly higher than 9.6% (chi(2) = 21.96, P = 0.000 002) that in the migrants. Lying-in women with education level of high school or above had higher chance to choose C-section than those with lower level of education (chi(2) = 43.64, P < 0.000 01). Workers, managerial staff or clerks had more chance to choose C-section than those with other occupations (chi(2) = 20.07, P = 0.01). As reported by the interviewees, 93% (70/75) of C-section in the hospital were performed and recommended by obstetricians.

CONCLUSIONRate of C-section in the hospital showed an increasing trend which suggested that intervention with health education be carried out for both pregnant women and obstetricians.

Adult ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Delivery, Obstetric ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To clear the kinds of trace elements which is closely related with the active ingredient, proclaim the effects of trace elements on the quality of the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, provide the theoretical foundation to the further quality control of cultivation, take the advantage of the HPLC to determine the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and the liquiritin according to Chinese pharmacopoeia, use the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to test the contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Se, Cd, Ni, La, Na, Cr, M, Fe, Ca, Al, K, Sr, then, use SPSS statistical software for active ingredient and trace elements Correlation Analysis. The result of correlation analysis showed that Liquiritin contents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma have strong a positive correlation with the Mn, Pb contents, well, have a negative correlation with the Cu, Na contents; Glycyrrhizic acid contents showed a positive correlation with Mg, Cd, La contents, however, it showed a negative correlation with K, Fe contents. Comprehensive analysis of the results of the study, a preliminary thought that the active ingredient of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma closely related with the trace elements, but the exact conclusion still need further study concentration-response relationship analysis.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Aim To observe the variation of T-cell subsets in spleen in different courses of disease and tis-sue histopathological changes in rats with adjuvant ar-thritis (AA).Methods The model of rat AA was in-duced by complete Freund’s adjuvant into the right hind metatarsal footpad of 20 male Lewis rats.Arthritis was evaluated by total score,arthritis index and paw swelling number. The percentage of total (CD3 +CD4 +), memory (CD4 + CD44 +), no-sensitizated (CD4 + CD62L +) and Th1 7 (CD4 + IL-1 7 +) on CD4 +T cells in spleen were detected by flow cytometry on days 1 4 and 22 after immuniozation.The his-topathological evaluation of heart,liver,spleen,lung, kidney,ankle joints and mesenteric lymph nodes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)stain.Re-sults The onset of secondary arthritis appeared on a-bout day 1 0 after immunization,with a peak onset on day 1 9.Systematic arthritis symptoms included front and hind paw swelling and redness (swelling was more apparent in the front rather than hind paws),nodule formation and redness on the ears,connective tissue swelling and redness of the nose and evident nodules and redness on the tail.Total score,arthritis index and the paw swelling numbers were enhanced in AA rats. Pathohistology of ankles joints showed hyperplasia, pannus formation,and inflammatory cells infiltration in AA rats.And pathohistology of heart,liver,spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes showed inflamma-tory changes.Compared with normal group,there was no change in the percentage of total,memory and no-sensitizated CD4 +T cell in the early stage inflammation but they were significantly enhanced in the peak of in-flammation.Th1 7 cell subsets were significantly en-hanced in both of the early and peak of inflammation. Conclusion These findings suggest that abnormal T cell responses and tissue histopathological changes are important features of AA rats.

Objective To assess the value of integrated 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in differentiation of malignant and benign pericardial effusion. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed in 23 patients with pericardial effusion. The detected soft tissue tumor or nodulous lession in pericardium or the thickened pericardium, with the maximum standardized uptake value( SUVmax ) ≥2.5, was defined as PET/CT-positive. The invaded lession in pericardium with SUVmax ≥2.5 was also as the positive. The difference of SUVmax of benign and malignant lesions was analyzed with two-independent-sample test of nonparametric tests. The final diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or post-operative pathology. Results The diagnosis were confirmed with 14 malignant and 9 benign lesions. The median of SUVmax was 6.0 in malignancy group and 2.2 in benign group (z= -3. 279, P =0.001 ). According to the pathology results, there were one false negative case and two false positive cases with PET/CT imaging interpretation. The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy, positive predictive value ( PPV ) and negative predictive value ( NPV ) of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of benignity or malignance of pericardium effusion were 92.9% ( 13/14), 7/9, 87.0% (20/23),86.7% (13/15) and 7/8, respectively. Conclusion For the patients with pericardium effusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a helpful modality for malignancy differentiation