Objective To investigate the effective therapic methods of the perioperative vasovagal reflex(RV)in patients with atrial arrhythmias(AAs)underwent by catheter ablation .Methods The clinical data in the patients with atrial arrhythmias(AAs) complicated by vasovagal reflex(RV)were retrospectively analyzed during the perioperative procedure of catheter ablation guided by three dimensional mapping system CARTO ;the clinical data were compared between patients with RV and without RV .Results A total of 535 patients with AAs underwent catheter ablation guided by three dimensional mapping system were collected from Janu‐ary 2010 to December 2012 ,and 35 cases of intraoperative RV were found .Compared by patients without RV ,the patients with RV had more elderly cases and the cases of hypertension ,coronary heart disease and diabetes .The RV occurrence was also associated with the fasting ,painful stimuli ,operation time and skill .Conclusion The perioperative RV often is occurred in the cases of high risk and have the precipitating factors ,and the good prognosis could be obtained by the detect and treatment as early as possible .

Objective To investigation the pathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to provide reference criteria for delineating the target area in radiotherapy.Methods Fifty-two patients from the Fourth Hospital of HeBei Medical University underwent resection whom all had been proved to have esophageal squamous cell carcinoma before operation.Chest CT was scanned and transmitted to the 3- dimensional conformal planning system for radiotherapy by VRX-16 scanner.The lesion of esophageal carcinoma was delineated in the 3-dimensional rebuild CT image and the lesion volume was computed by digital rebuild program.Every surgically resected specimen was made into pathologic giant section.The actual size of the specimen was obtained by calculating the size under the microscope with the shrinkage ratio.Multicentric carcinomatous lesion,severe dysplasia and direct intramural infiltration were observed in the giant section with a microscope and the order of such pathological characteristics were analysed statistically.Results 1.The tumor length by different method of preparation of operated specimens differed obviously.The longest was shown by CT. 2.Multicentric carcinomatous lesion was found in 15(29%)cases out of 52 patients.Proximal to the tumor,the mean distance between the multicentric carcinomatous lesion and the main lesion plus the length of the multicentric carcinomatous lesion was 3.02?1.45cm.Distal to the tumor,it was 2.60?2.44 cm.Severe dysplasia was found in 28 patients.Proximally,the mean distance between the severe dysplasia and the main lesion plus the length of the severe dysplasia was 2.45?1.30 cm.Distal to the tumor,it was 3.24?2.19 cm.Direct intramural infiltration was found in 41 patients,of which the mean length being 2.80?1.52 cm proximally and 2.02?1.51 cm distally. 3.Tumor thrombus was found in 6 patients and lymphoduct infiltration in 36 patients.Direct intramural infiltration was found at higher incidence in specimens complicated with lymphoduct infiltration(86%)and those complicated with tumor thrombus(91%).There were no apparent factors affecting severe dysplasia.The proximal distance to direct intra- mural infiltration was much longer than distally.Conclusions Multicentric carcinomatous lesion,severe dysplasia and direct intramural infiltration may be observed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Multicentric carcinomatous lesion and direct intramural infiltration are obviously correlated with lymphoduct infiltration.To cover 95% of the microscopic extension,a margin of 5.0 cm is needed proximal to the base of gross tumor volume,and 7.5 cm distal to it.To cover 90% of the microscopic extension,a margin of 4.5 cm is needed proximally,and 5.0 cm distally.

OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical theory of Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly correlated by observing changes of inherent immune response and acquired immune response in the lung tissue and the intestinal tissue of ulcerative colitis (UC) model rats and the intervention of Chinese compounds (CM).

METHODSSeventy rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group (n = 10), the model group (n = 15), the treatment 1 group (n = 15, treated from Fei), the treatment 2 group (n = 15, treated from the intestine), and the Western medicine (WM) group [n = 15, treated with Sulfasalazine (SASP). Except those in the normal control group, the UC rat model was prepared by allergizing colon mucosa combined with TNBS-alcohol (50%) enema, and then intervened by medication (treated with CM complex prescription of treatment from lung, CM complex prescription of treatment from intestine, and SASP). After intragastric administration for 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed and samples taken. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-8 contents in the lung tissue, the intestinal tissue, and the serum were detected by radioimmunoassay. Serum MedCAM-1 contents were detected using ELISA. Changes of the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), neutrophil migration inhibition factor (MIF), mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM-1) mRNA in the lung tissue and the intestinal tissue were detected by real time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the expression levels of TNF-α, TLR4 mRNA, IL-8, MIF mR- NA, and MadCAM-1 mRNA obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of TNF-α, TLR4 mRNA, IL-8, MIF mRNA, and MadCAM-1 mRNA obviously decreased in the treatment 1 and 2 groups (P < 0.01). The expression of MadCAM-1 mRNA in the intestinal tissue was obviously higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01), while the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA was obviously lower in the model group than in the normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of MadCAM-1 mRNA all significantly deceased in each treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum TNF-α contents were higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, serum TNF-α contents could be lowered in the treatment 1 and 2 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe main mechanisms of the intestinal injury in this UC model might be related with activation of acquired immune response, accompanied with lowered functions of inherent immune response. The main mechanisms of the lung injury in this UC model might be related acquired immune response and inherent immune response. Treatment from Fei and treatment from Dachang both could obviously improve the immunodissonance of Fei and Dachang, indicating the special relation between the lung tissue and the intestinal tissue, thus providing experimental evidence for Chinese medical theory of Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly correlated.

Aleurites ; Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Enema ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Intestines ; immunology ; Lung ; immunology ; Lung Injury ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of RNA interference on CHK1 and CHK2 expression and change of G2/M phase arrest in esophageal carcinoma cells after irradiation.

METHODSFour sequences short hairhip RNA (shRNA) of each CHK1 and CHK2 genes were constructed and connected with vector of pENTR/U6 plasmid, respectively, and then transfected into Eca109 cells with lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Protein and mRNA expression of CHK1 and CHK2 genes were detected with Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Cell cycling was measured by flow cytometry after 5 Gy irradiation. Cell survival rate after 5 Gy irradiation was evaluated by clonegenetic assay.

RESULTSFour shRNA vector each of CHK1 and CHK2 genes were successfully constructed and transfected into Ecal09 cells, respectively. Protein expression of CHK1 and CHK2 were obviously decreased. Their mRNA expressions were also decreased after transfected with shRNA of CHK1 and CHK2. Arrest of G2/M stage in Eca109 cells were obviously decreased only in cells transfected with CHK1 shRNA but not with CHK2 shRNA at 12 h after 5 Gy irradiation. In first progeny Eca109 cells transfected with CHK1 and CHK2 shRNA, expression of CHK1 and CHK2 protein was also decreased. The level of phosphorylated CHK2-T68 expression was decreased at 1 h after 5 Gy irradiation, and at 72 h only transfected with CHK2 shRNA but not with CHK1 shRNA. Phosphorylation level of CHK1-S345 was not increased after transfected with CHK1 or CHK2 shRNA, but arrest of G2/M stage still remained at 12 h after 5 Gy irradiation and at 72 h accordingly. The cell survival rate was decreased in Eca109 cells transfected with CHK1 or CHK2 shRNA after 5 Gy irradiation.

CONCLUSIONAfter transfected with shRNA of CHK1 or CHK2, their expressions of mRNA and protein in Ecal09 cells are markedly inhibited and this inhibition effect can be observed in their first progeny cells and at least hold for 3 days. Arrest of G2/M phase can be reduced after irradiation when teansfected with shRNA of CHK1 and the radiosensitivity of Ec109 cells can be increased.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Division ; genetics ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; genetics ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Checkpoint Kinase 1 ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; G2 Phase ; genetics ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Gamma Rays ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of DNA damage checkpoint mediator 1 (MDC1) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) at both mRNA and protein levels and their significance in different human esophageal cancer cell lines.

METHODSIn 3 human esophageal carcinoma cell lines, TE-1, TE-13 and Eca109 cells, the expressions of MDC1 and 53BP1 mRNA were detected with RT-PCR, and MDC1 and 53BP1 protein expressions were measured with immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSMDC1 and 53BP1 expressions were observed for the first time in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines TE-1,TE-13 and Eca109 cells, at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expressions of MDC1 and 53BP1 proteins may be implicated in the radiosensitivity of human esophageal carcinoma.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1

OBJECTIVETo explore whether there is a relationship between gross tumor volume (GTV) and pathologic lymph node metastasis or prognosis of esophageal carcinoma, and to provide a new prognosis reference for esophageal carcinoma (EC).

METHODSSix hundred and seven patients received radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma from May 2002 to June 2006 in our hospital, and their pre-operative CT images were transmitted to the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system by the network in digital format. Esophageal GTV targets were outlined and their GTV volumes were calculated. To analyze whether there is a relationship between GTV volume and pathologic lymph node metastasis or prognosis.

RESULTSIn the 607 cases of esophageal carcinoma, the GTV volume was (22.5 ± 16.8) cm(3) in 374 stage N0 EC patients, significantly different from that of (30.4 ± 20.1) cm(3) in 233 stage N1 EC cases (P < 0.001). There is a significant difference between the GTV volumes of the groups with and without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference of the GTV volumes of EC patients with one lymph node metastasis and those with ≥ 4 lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between GTV volume and the number of lymph node metastasis (r = 0.230, P < 0.001). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates since the surgery date were 83.8%, 53.5%, and 36.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the survival rates of stage N0 (48.5%) and stage N1 patients (18.2%, P < 0.001), and there was a significant difference between the survival rats of patients with 0, 1 and ≥ 2 lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). Cox regression model analysis showed that GTV volume, number of lymph node metastasis, pathological type, and lesion site were independent prognostic factors (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe GTV volume of esophageal carcinoma is positively correlated with the number of pathologic lymph node metastasis, and it is an independent prognostic factor for this cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tumor Burden

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of "outside-in" arthroscopic cam resection in the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)syndrome.Methods Nine patients were treated with "outside-in" hip arthroscopy for cam or mixed type FAI syndrome between July 2015 and July 2016.All the 9 patients(11 hips)underwent osseous correction of the femoral neck and labral debridement.Before the surgery and 12 months after it,all patients were evaluated using the Harris Score and their complications were observed.Results The average postoperative Harris Score(92.5,range from 64 to 100)was significantly better compared with the preoperative one(56.4,range from 22 to 70,P＜ 0.001).One patient with blister on dorsal foot and another with fluid leakage were cured.No neurovascular injuries or cartilage injuries were found among all the patients.Conclusion "Outside-in" arthroscopic treatment of FAI with osseous correction and labral debridement is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of MDC1 gene silencing by RNA interference on the radiosensitivity of human esophageal carcinoma cell line ECA109.

METHODSThe vectors containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting MDC1 gene (pMDC1-shRNA) were cotransfected with pPACKH1-lentivector packaging system into 293T cells to package the lentivirus particles. Forty-eight hours after the transfection with specific or control lentiviral vectors, the stable integrants were selected using copGFP reporter gene; real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of MDC1 mRNA and protein in the transfected ECA109 cells, respectively. The cell cycle distribution was measured with flow cytometry at 12, 24 and 48 h after a 5 Gy irradiation, and the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cell was evaluated by clone formation array.

RESULTSSequence analysis confirmed correct insertion of MDC1-shRNA construct into pSIH1-H1-copGFP. The percentage of G2/M phase ECA109/ MDC1 cells was lower than that of ECA109 and ECA109/negative cells. The value of D0, SF2 and Dq of ECA109/ MDC1 cells were 1.88 Gy, 0.84 and 1.20, respectively, lower than those of ECA109 cells (3.06 Gy, 0.91 and 1.59) and those of ECA109/negative cells (2.90 Gy, 0.89 and 1.47).

CONCLUSIONRNA interference can inhibit MDC1 gene expression and enhance the radiosensitivity of ECA109 cells in vitro.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Radiation Tolerance ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore factors affecting the survival in patients after radical resection of esophageal carcinoma, and to provide a valuable reference for selecting treatment protocol after surgery.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 618 esophageal cancer patients who underwent radical resection at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May 2002 to June 2006 were collected and reviewed in this study. All patients had no cancer history, did not receive preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and had Karnofsky performance scores ≥ 70. Univariate analysis was performed by using log-rank test to determine predictors of survival, and multivariable analysis was performed by a Cox regression model.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 83.32%, 53.33%, 36.02%, respectively, and the median survival time was 38.33 months. The Cox regression analysis showed that operation mode, intraoperative findings of the extent of tumor invasion, pathological T stage, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were significant predictors of survival. For patients with lymph node metastasis, the overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates did not significantly differ between the operation alone group and the postoperative prophylactic radiotherapy group. For patients without lymph node metastasis, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 94.34%, 51.55%, and 34.41%, respectively, in the postoperative radiotherapy group, significantly higher than those in the operation alone group (63.08%, 23.30% and 4.36%; χ(2) = 15.99, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe independent prognostic factors of esophageal cancer patients after radical resection include the operation mode, intra-operative findings of the extent of tumor invasion, pathological T stage, the number of lymph node metastasis and the number of regions of lymph node metastasis. Postoperative prophylactic radiotherapy is beneficial for esophageal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Care ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive value of low dose volume of the lung on acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with esophageal cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) only, and to analyze the relation of comprehensive parameters of the dose-volume V5, V20 and mean lung dose (MLD) with acute RP.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-two patients with esophageal cancer treated by 3D-CRT have been followed up. The V5-V30 and MLD were calculated from the dose-volume histogram system. The clinical factors and treatment parameters were collected and analyzed. The acute RP was evaluated according to the RTOG toxicity criteria.

RESULTSThe acute RP of grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 were observed in 68 (30.6%), 40 (18.0%), 8 (3.6%) and 1 (0.5%) cases, respectively. The univariate analysis of measurement data:The primary tumor length, radiation fields, MLD and lung V5-V30 had a significant relationship with the acute RP. The magnitude of the number of radiation fields, the volume of GTV, MLD and Lung V5-V30 had a significant difference in whether the ≥ grade 1 and ≥ grade 2 acute RP developed or not. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that MLD, Lung V5, V20 and V25 were independent risk factors of ≥ grade 1 acute RP, and the radiation fields, MLD and Lung V5 were independent risk factors of ≥ grade 2 acute RP. The ≥ grade 1 and ≥ grade 2 acute RP were significantly decreased when MLD less than 14 Gy, V5 and V20 were less than 60% and 28%,respectively. When the V20 ≤ 28%, the acute RP was significantly decreased in V5 ≤ 60% group. When the MLD was ≤ 14 Gy, the ≥ 1 grade acute RP was significantly decreased in the V5 ≤ 60% group. When the MLD was >14 Gy, the ≥ grade 2 acute RP was significantly decreased in the V5 ≤ 60% group.

CONCLUSIONSThe low dose volume of the lung is effective in predicting radiation pneumonitis in patients with esophageal cancer treated with 3D-CRT only. The comprehensive parameters combined with V5, V20 and MLD may increase the effect in predicting radiation pneumonitis.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; radiation effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; etiology ; pathology ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies