Objective To investigate the biodistribution,excretion and other pharmacokinetics,of 188Re-1-hydroxy-1,1-ethylidene disodium phosphonate (HEDP) in cancer patients with osseous metastases who were suffering form bone pain. Methods A single dose (20,30,40,and 50 MBq/kg,10 patients in every group) of 188Re-HEDP was administered as a bolus injection,meanwhile dynamic images on patient's chest were collected for 30 min. Anterior and posterior whole-body images were obtained at 1,2,4,5,12,24,36,48,60 and 72 h after injection of 188Re-HEDP. By region of interest (ROI) technology,the curve of time-background corrected counts of left cardiac ventricle could be generated,and the background-corrected counts of various organs and total whole body could be calculated as a geometric mean using the anterior and posterior scans,and transformed to the percentage injected dose ( % ID). Urine was collected after injection of 188Re-HEDP. Counts of urine were measured by γ counter. Analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results Linear relationship of metabolism of 188Re-HEDP was observed in the doses from 20 to 50 MBq/kg,with correlation coefficient r2 = 0. 9376. A two-compartment model was the best fit for metabolism of 188Re-HEDP with the parameters median area under curve (AUC) 3.32 × 105,3.97 × 105,7.83 × 105,8.58 ×105,respectively; median α 0.06,0.05,0.04,0.06 respectively; median β 1.16 ×10-3,1.16 × 10-3,1.03 × 10-3,1.15 × 10 -3 respectively; median A 3591.21,4858.23,5642. 48,4167.05 respectively; median B 293.97,352.95,614.41,1063.82 respectively; median T1/2(α) 12.51,12.83,15.41,12.02 min respectively; median T1/2(β) 595.47,596.50,673.09,600.93 min respectively in the doses of 20,30,40and 50 MBq/kg. 188Re-HEDP was taken up mainly by bone up to 40% ID at 4 h. Urine profile showed that 66.79 % ID was eliminated within 24 h,being its 74% collected along the first 5 h after-administration.Conclusions In the doses of 20,30,40 and 50 MBq/kg,metabolism of 188Re-HEDP presented linear model. Pharmacokinetics of 188 Re-HEDP followed a two-compartment model administrated by blood vessel.Following injection,188 Re-HEDP was taken up mainly by bone and excreted by uropoietic system.

Adult ; Female ; Hemangioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; pathology ; Placenta ; pathology ; Placenta Diseases ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

The authors explained the process of organizing and implementing of the designed experiments.The designed experi- ments can improve students' creative thinking ability and activate students'initiative and meanwhile,it can improve teachers' level and contribute to making progress in teaching and studying although there are still some problems to solve.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing horizontal periodontal bone defects by tissue engineering based on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)as seed cells and enamel matrix proteins(EMPs)as growth factors. Methods Two healthy rhesus monkeys were selected, and BMSCs were isolated from iliac marrow and serial subcultivation was conducted. The cells of induced BMSCs at passage 3 were harvested and mixed with Bio-oss collagen. The models of horizontal periodontal bone defects were established surgically in each buccal side of the posterior teeth, and were divided into four groups (blank control group, material group, cells/material group and cells/material/EMPs group). The histological and Micro-CT observation were carried out 8 weeks later. Results In the blank control group, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue. There was newly-formed alveolar bone in the material group. In the cells/material group, periodontal regeneration could be observed, while the newly-formed cementum was irregular and less in quantity. In the cells/material/EMPs group, the amount of newly-formed alveolar bone was larger, and the newly-formed cementum was continuous and regular. Conclusion The tissue engineering technique of BMSCs as seed cells in combination with EMPs induction can significantly promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

The objective of this study was to observe the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes in the process of differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to colony forming unit-T Lymphocyte (CFU-TL) in vitro. and to explore the possible mechanism of HCMV-induced maldevelopment of human cord blood CFU-TL on genetic level through effecting the differentiation progress by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with and/or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), Normal CFU-TL culture was used as blank control. After detection with MTT, mRNA expression levels in the human cord blood CFU-TL hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes following HCMV infection and ATRA treatment were detected by fluorogenic quantitative reserve transcription polymerize chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) method. HCMV of 10(6) plaque formation unit (PFU)/ml was diluted to 0.1 ml 10(5) PFU/ml and added into the infected group. The results showed that the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes in the differentiation process increased slightly on day 3, and were up to the most on day 7 (p < 0.05), while became lower on day 12 respectively in normal group, HCMV group and ATRA group. Compared with the expression of hoxc6, the expression of hoxc4 was obviously higher in each group (p < 0.05). Compared with the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes in normal group, the expressions of hoxc4 and hoxc6 in ATRA group were up-regulated remarkably (p < 0.05), while the expressions of hoxc4 and hoxc6 in group HCMV were down-regulated (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the regular expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes mRNA appeared in each group. A positive co-relationship exits between hoxc4/hoxc6 genes and lymphocytic progenitor hematopoiesis. Compared with the expression of hoxc6 gene, the expression of hoxc4 gene is obviously higher in each group. HCMV can down-regulate the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes and lead to suppression effect on cell morphology, which confirms that the normal hematopoietic lineage determination and maturation rely on the stable and consistent expression of homeobox gene. At the same condition, ATRA (6 x 10(-8) mol/L at 60 nmol/ml) can up-regulate hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes expression. ATRA can up-regulate the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes.
Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lymphoid Progenitor Cells ; cytology ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

[Objective] To explore the value of the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing ( PUSH) tool in evaluating the effect of debridement on pressure ulcers in elder patients . [ Methods] A group of 60 patients with (82 sites) II-IV grade pressure ulcers were recruited in the study .The ulcers were randomly assigned into autolytic debridement group ( n=42 ) and combined debridement group ( n=40 ) .Two groups of wounds were assessed and debrided by consensus procedure porcess respectively .The wounds were ob-served and evaluated by trained nurses at 7,14,21days after debredement , and the results used in PUSH scoring were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis with the SPSS 11.0 software. [Results] The value of pressure ulcer scale for healing ( PUSH) for autolytic、combined debridement group , at 7days( P>0.05) were not significantly different, at 14 days(P<0.05),and at 21days (P<0.01) were significantly different.With wounds in combined debridement group , PUSH scores decreased faster than those in the au-tolytic debridement group . [ Conclusion] The combined debridement method used in elder patients is safe and effective , which can shorten debridement time and improve wounds healing as well .The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing is easy to use and its result is reliable , giving a quantitative objective evaluation of debridement effect on pressure ulcers .

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of endostar alone or in combination with cisplatin on tumor growth and metastasis, as well as the inhibition of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in nude mouse models of human cervical cancer.

METHODSHeLa cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the hind flank region of female nu/mice to establish xenograft models. The nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) sodium chloride (as control); (2) cisplatin alone; (3) endostar alone; (4) cisplatin plus endostar (10 mg/kg); (5) cisplatin plus endostar (20 mg/kg). The course of all the treatments lasted for 4 weeks. The tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were observed. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

RESULTS(1) Either endostar alone or endostar with cisplatin inhibited the tumor growth significantly than cisplatin and NS (P < 0.05). (2) The rates of lymph node metastasis in the endostar (20 mg/kg) with cisplatin, the endostar (10 mg/kg) with cisplatin, the endostar, the cisplatin and the NS groups were 0 (0/8), 12.5% (1/8), 12.5% (1/8), 62.5% (5/8) and 75.0% (6/8) (P = 0.002), respectively. (3) The MVD of tumor tissue in these five groups were 10.88 +/- 1.38, 10.25 +/- 1.22, 10.83 +/- 2.29, 15.58 +/- 2.31 and 22.08 +/- 1.93, respectively (P < 0.05). The MLD were 5.00 +/- 0.63, 5.17 +/- 0.75, 6.00 +/- 0.63, 14.33 +/- 1.63 and 13.67 +/- 1.21, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEndostar can reduce the tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in nude mouse model of human cervical cancer.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Endostatins ; pharmacology ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; drug effects ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Microvessels ; drug effects ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

In the spinal cord, nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in pain and hyperalgesia, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and NO production are upregulated following several noxious and lesion stimuli. However, the mechanism of the increases is yet not well understood. The present study was designed to address the question of whether substance P (SP) released in the spinal cord enhances NOS expression and NO production of the spinal cord in rats. [Sar(9), Met(O2)(11)]-substance P (Sar-SP), a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor agonist, was administered by intrathecal injection via L(5)-L(6) intervertebral space to induce nociception. The pain threshold was determined by hot water induced tail flick test. NOS expression of the L(5) segment of the spinal cord was determined using NADPH-d histochemical staining. NO production of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was determined by assaying NO3(-) and NO2(-), the end product of NO metabolism, using the method of aqua fortis reduction. We found that (1) intrathecal injection of Sar-SP (6.5 nmol) elicited a characteristic, caudally directed, nociceptive behavioural response consisting of intense biting, licking and scratching episodes. Tail flick test showed decrease in pain threshold. (2) following the behavioural responses, the NOS expression level, including the number and the staining density of the NADPH-d reactive cells, increased in the superficial portion of the dorsal horn (Laminae I-II) and the grey matter surrounding the central canal (LaminaX) of the L(5) segment of the spinal cord after the Sar-SP intrathecal injection. At the same time, NO production in the enlargement of the spinal cord increased. (3) The decreased pain threshold and the increases in NOS expression and NO production could be substantially inhibited by intrathecal injection of [[D-Arg(1), D-Trp(7,9), Leu(11)]-substance P] (spantide) (5 microg), a non-selective antagonist of NK-1 receptor, 5 min prior to the Sar-SP injection. It might be concluded that the release of SP resulted from nociceptive afferents increased NOS expression and NO production of the rat spinal cord.
Animals ; Female ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; biosynthesis ; Nociceptors ; drug effects ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; agonists ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Substance P ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF).

METHODSHPDLF were cultured in α-minima essential medium (α-MEM) and subcultured at confluence. In the hypoxic groups, cells were incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 1%O(2), 5%CO(2), 94%N(2) at 37°C for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. In the normoxic control group, cells were incubated under normoxic conditions of 20%O(2), 5%CO(2), 75%N(2). The mRNA expression of MMP and TIMP was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data was analyzed by Student's t test, one-way ANOVA and LSD test with SPSS 13.0 software package.

RESULTSThe expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in the hypoxia groups was higher than that in control. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups showed a significantly increasing trend. There was significant difference between the hypoxic group and the normoxic control group in the expression of MMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.01). The expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups of 12 h was momentarily increased. There was significant difference between the hypoxic 12 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). However, with prolonged hypoxia time, the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA in hypoxic groups showed a significantly declining trend, there were significant differences between the hypoxic 12, 24 and 48 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP-1 mRNA in hypoxic groups of 12 h was momentarily decreased and then increased after 24 h of hypoxia. There were significant differences between the hypoxic 48 h group and the normoxic control group in the expression of MMP-1 mRNA in HPDLF (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the hypoxic 12 h group and the normoxic control group in the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA (P < 0.05). The ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA in the hypoxia group significantly increased compared with normoxic group. There were significant differences between the hypoxic group and the normoxic control group in the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHypoxia could change the expression of MMP and TIMP mRNA and other relevant growth factors and also lead to the imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 mRNA expression. It is suggested that the imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 expression may be closely correlated with the occurrence and development of periodontal disease and play an important role in the process of periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis.

Adolescent ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo provide reference for breeding Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplasms,and to explore their genetic diversities and different strains.

METHODThe RAPD method was applied to the study on S. baicalensis from different germplasms by use of 14 random primers about 10 bp, and SAPD-analysis of 34 S. baicalensis from different germplasms was carried out by using the method of withingroups-linkage in SPSS 10.0.

RESULTS14 among 115 primers were selected to amplify about 165 segments of DNA. Among them, 132 segments of DNA, 80.0% of the total, can represent genetic of diversities of S. baicalensis. According to RAPD analysis, 34 germplasms of S. baicalensis were classified into A, B, C and D categories.

CONCLUSIONS. baicalensis from different germplasms shows abundant genetic diversities. Germplasms from Shandong like Mengyin 3, Menyin 2 and Pingyi have close distance (0.315) in genetic background, which can be chosen for breeding of cultivated. Though genetic characters are similar in the morphology, the geological distribution of S. baicalensis and its morphology have not certain correlation. The complex genetic background of S. baicalensis indicate that the work of the selective breeding and management for breeding of S. baicalensis have to be strengthened.

Breeding ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; genetics ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; anatomy & histology ; genetics