Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ketamine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE To analyze risk factors in order to provide scientific gist in diagnosis and treatment of central venous catheter related sepsis(CRS) in patients with total parenteral nutrition(TPN). METHODS To make comparison of the 57 cases of CRS with 423 cases of non-CRS during 1998-2002.First,monovariable chi-square test and then non-condition Logistic regression analysis of the markedly different factors in SPSS10.0 were conducted. RESULTS The major risk factors might be infectious disease,duration of central venous catheter in,location of catheter, type of catheter and material of catheter,and serum protein

Objective To discuss the frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage and its diag- nosis.Methods The clinical materials of 79 cases of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage were analyzed.Results 56% of the hemorrhage was caused by arterial-venous malformation.48% of the hemorrhage was caused by occult AVM.Conclusion AVM is the most frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage.CTA plays a special role in its diagnosis.

Objective To observe the expression of bcl-2 gene in cell apoptosis of neonatal rats followed by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) and investigate the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis after HIBD.Methods Fifty-four neonatal SD rats were used in 1 sham-operated group and 8 trial groups. The models of HIBD were established in neonatal rats by inhaling the mixed gases of 92 % N 2 and 8 % O 2, the animals were sacrificed by dislocation their heads at different time points(0.5,1,3,6,12,24,48,72 h), the hippocampus were dissected for morphological analysis. The neuronal apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 gene in hippocampus were detected by the methods of immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptotic cells appeared at the time point of 3 h, and reached the peak at 48 h, then decreased. The positive cell of bcl-2 protein increased from the time point of 30 min and reached the peak at 6 h and then decreased gradually following HIBD. Conclusion The expression of bcl-2 gene plays a role in the process of neuronal apoptosis following HIBD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the hemostatic effect of fibrin sealant (FS) powder on severe wound surface and find out the minimum effective dosage.Methods1 cm2 round wound surface was made on the liver of New Zealand white rabbits. Different dosages of FS powder were administrated on the wound surface. Bleeding time and bleeding volume were examined to find out optimized dosage. Hemostatic effect of FS powder was observed and compared with chitin cotton, gelfoam and normal gauze.ResultsBleeding time (0.57±0.21 min)and bleeding volume (0.35±0.29 ml)of FS 10 mg/cm2 group were obviously different from FS 8 mg/cm2 group (P<0.05), not significantly different from FS 12 mg/cm2 group. FS 10 mg/cm2 group got the shortest bleeding time and the lowest bleeding volume, which was obviously different from chitin cotton, gelfoam and gauze groups (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionThe hemostatic effect of FS powder is better than gelfoam, chitin cotton and gauze and its optimized dosage is 10 mg/cm2.

ObjectiveTo explore the new rehabilitation model of medication combined with education of cerebral palsy.MethodsThe cross-professionals were organized to assess and observe 126 children with cerebral palsy. Then, individual education plan (IEP) combined with medication, family, feeding was made and performed.ResultsAfter educational rehabilitation, the children with cerebral palsy got improvement in intellection, social adaptation, communion aspiration, thinking and etc. They became more cooperated in medical rehabilitation.ConclusionInterdisciplinary cooperation, IEP, participation of parents are the conditions for success of medical rehabilitation combined with education.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the systemic influence after an island flap with venous congestion-reperfusion.

METHODSAn island flap was formed in a Rat model. The vein in the pedicle was clamped for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours and released. The ear microcirculation, levels of TNF alpha and IL-10 were measured, and the neutrophils sequestration in tissues were counted. The vascular structure of the lung and intestine were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were significant changes in the ear microcirculation, neutrophils sequestration of the lung and the intestine in the 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours groups, and became more serious by the time increasing. The TNF alpha level reached in maximum at 1 hour after the reperfusion, while the IL-10 became to the lowest level at 3 hours after the reperfusion. However, the TNF alpha and IL-10 levels were significant high in the 6 hour and 10 hours groups, compared with the 2 hours group and the control, but there was no differences between the2 hours group and the control.

CONCLUSIONSVenous congestion-reperfusion of flap could injury the remote organs such as lung, intestinal etc. The injury could be more serious with the time increasing.

Animals ; Constriction ; Ear ; blood supply ; Hyperemia ; complications ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of Panax Ginseng (PG), Aconitum Carmichaeli (AC), and their combination (PG-AC) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODSRat's ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 240 min. Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups, the sham operation group, the model group, the three treated groups. The three treated groups were treated with PG, AC and PG-AC respectively by given the drugs 10 min before ischemia reperfusion, and to the sham operation group and the model group, saline was given instead. The infarction area, pathologic changes of myocardial tissue (under light and electron microscopy), activity of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in myocardial tissue were observed to evaluate the protective effect of treatment.

RESULTSThe area of acute myocardial infarction was lesser, activity of LDH and CK were lower in the three treated groups than those in the model group. Content of SOD was significantly higher and that of MDA was markedly lower in the former three than those in the model group. Light and electron microscopic examination showed that the necrotic degeneration and pathologic changes of myocardiocytes in the treated groups were significantly milder than that of the model group. As comparing the effect between the three treated groups, PG-AC showed the best, and insignificant difference was shown between PG and AC.

CONCLUSIONBoth PG and AC, and their combination have obviously protective effects on myocardium against ischemia reperfusion injury, which of PG-AC is superior to that of PG or AC used singly.

Aconitum ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; Panax ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To observe the effects of moxibustion pretreatment on the protein expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and activated protein-1 (AP-1), the key factors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling transduction pathway in gastric tissue of rats with stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and to discuss the mechanisms of moxibustion therapy in promoting the restoration of damaged gastric mucosa.
Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and a moxibustion group using the random digits table, 10 in each group. Except the rats in the normal group, rats in the other two groups were used to make stress-induced gastric mucosal damage model using restraint and cold stress. Before modeling, rats in the moxibustion group were alternately treated with moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12), or Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21), once a day, for a total of 8 d. Histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed under the light microscopy, the expression of gastric tissue p-ERK1/2 was detected by immunohistochemistry assay, and the protein levels of EGFR and AP-1 were measured by Western blots.
Results: Compared with rats in the normal group, gastric mucosal damage was more serious, and protein expressions of gastric tissue EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 increased in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05). Compared with rats in the model group, gastric mucosal damage was milder, and protein expressions of gastric tissue EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 increased in the moxibustion group (allP<0.01).
Conclusion:Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12), Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) couldincrease EGFR, p-ERK1/2 and AP-1 expression levels in gastric tissue of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage rats, maintain the information transfer function of ERK signaling transduction pathway, and promote restoration of gastric mucosal damage.

Objective　To study the role of TNFα in the plasm a and skin and IL-1 in the serum in the formation of secondary thrombosis after skin avulsion. Methods　After avulsive flap at size of 12 cm×4 cm was inflicted on the hind legs of pigs, skin specimens and venous blood sam ples were taken at various time points. The contents of TNFα in plasma and skin were determined with radio-immunoassay, and the activity of serum IL-1 wi th 3［H］-TdR. Results　The TNFα contents in the plasma and skin were increased significantly after avulsion（P<0.01），which were (41 5±24) ng/L and (298±18.5) ng/L respectively on the 3rd day after the injury. T he activity of IL-1 in the serum was increased (P<0.05) and was (2.59± 0.85 ) ng/L on day 3. Conclusion　The changes of TNFα contents and I L-1 activity in blood and skin play important roles in the inducetion and aggra vation of secondary tissue necrosis and early thrombosis after skin avulsion.