Objective: To study the effect of apigenin on the expression of microglia in penumbra and cerebral water content after acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfution injury in rats. Methods: The acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models in rats were established with the modified suture method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham group, model group, and apigenin groups (there were 6, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d reperfusion treatments in the model and apigenin groups, n = 12). All of them are 11 groups. The neurological behavior scores were valued. By FITC labeled isolectin B4 (FITC-ILB4) histochemistry staining, the infiltration of monocytes and the changes of cell morphology and number of brain-derived microglia in penumbra of six rats in every group were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Water content was measured in isolated brain tissue of other six rats. Results: The positive cells of ILB4 (ILB4+) including microglia cells (Rhod 6G-) and infiltration of monocytes (Rhod 6G+) were found in cerebral ischemic area around penumbra of rats after 6 h ischemia-reperfusion in model group; The morphology changed to Amoeba-like; Microglia increased significantly after 48 h and reached to peak in 72 h, which mainly belonged to the proliferation of brain-derived microglia in Amoeba-like morphology. Microglia cell decreased in 7 d, and microglia in apigenin group obviously decreased more than that in model group (P<.05, 0.01) with the similar morphological change in corresponding time points. In 48 and 72 h of cerebral ischimia, the water content in brain tissue of rats in apigenin group was markedly lower than that in model (P<0.01). There was negative line correlation between the neurological behavior score and the number of ILB4 + cells in penumbra of model group (r=-0.415, P<.05). Apigenin could reduce the degree of neurological deficiency in model group and mitigate the brain injury effectively. Conclusion: A part of microglia cells inpenumbra are associated with brain injury; Apigenin shows the protection on acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfution injury in rats, which maybe relates with down-regulating the microglia cell number and inhibiting the excessive activation of microglia cell.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of three kinds of gastric canal inserted method on patients with endotracheal intubation.Methods Two hundred and sixty-one cases of patients with endotracheal intubation were divided into group A(conventional group),B(inserting gastrotuhe by a guide-wire in it),C (pulling the tracheal under calm state),with each group of eighty-seven cases.The intubation successful rate,the time of gastric canal insertion,HR and SpO2 before and after inttthation,and the choking and blcoding occurrence during intubation were observed and compared.Results The intubation successful rate showed significantly higher in the group B(83.91%)than in the group A(70.11%,P＜0.05),and significantly higher in the group C(98.85%)than in the groups A and B(all P ＜ 0.01).In the time of gastrotuhe insertion,significantly quicker in the group B(43.25±5.56s)than in the group A(55.30±6.20)s(P ＜0.01),and significantly quicker in the group C(27.75±4.16)s than in the groups A and B(all P ＜ 0.01);In the total time of whole operation,significantly quicker in the group C(103.16±5.36)s than in the groups A and B(111.45±5.85 s、115.35± 5.25 s,all P ＜0.01),and significantly slower in the group B than in the group A(P ＜0.01).Before and after gastrotube insertion,there was no significant difference on HR in groups B and C(all P＞0.05),in the group A HR was obviously increased(P ＜0.05);while SpO2 there was no significant difference in group C,and the remarkably decreased in groups A and B(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).During the gastrotube insertion,The choking and blcoding occurrence in the group C(2.30%、O)was significantly lower than in the groups A(13.79%、9.20%)and B(8.05%,5.75%)(P＜0.01,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in groups B and A(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions It shows higher accurate and less side effect for the endotracbeal intubation patients undergoing gastrotuhe insertion by pulling the tracheal under calm state.

Objective: To explore the determinants for health-seeking behavior of the residents after cough for more than 3 weeks in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, in order to provide reference for prevention and control of respiratory diseases. Methods: A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit the community residents aged 5 years and above in Yiwu. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, features of cough and health-seeking behaviors in the past month. The multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the associated factors for health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks. Results: Among 6 374 residents investigated, 152 cases had a cough for more than 3 weeks in the past month, accounting for 2.48%. They were( 45.00±21.15 ) years old, including 70 ( 46.05% ) males and 82 ( 53.95% ) females. About 58.55% ( 89 ) of them sought medical treatment. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=2.100, 95%CI: 1.005-4.391 ), middle school education level ( OR=0.406, 95%CI: 0.168-0.983 ), family annual income of 100 000 to 199 999 yuan ( OR=2.993, 95%CI: 1.215-7.373 ) were associated factors for health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks. Conclusion The rate of health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks among the residents in Yiwu is 58.55%, which is associated with gender, education level and income.

Objective Many studies have demonstrated that neurogenesis is enhanced after cerebral ischemia in the adult rats. However, little is known about neurogenesis in the brain of neonatal rats after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). This study investigated neurogenesis in neonatal rats 1 and 4 weeks after HI. Methods Twenty-four seven-day-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned into Control group (n = 8) and Experimental group (n = 16). HI was induced by ligating the right common carotid artery combined with hypoxia exposure (8% oxygen in nitrogen) in the Experimental group. In the Control group, the right common carotid artery was isolated but not ligated and there was no exposure to hypoxia. MR imaging was performed 24 hrs after HI to confirm the formation of infarct. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitonally daily between 2-6 days after operation or HI to label newly generated cells in both groups. Neurogenesis was examined by immunofluorescence assay 1 and 4 weeks after HI. Results Subventricular zone (SVZ) was obviously enlarged in the ischemic hemisphere but not in the contralateral hemisphere in the Experimental group 1 or 4 weeks after HI. The number of BrdU positive cells in the SVZ of the ischemic hemisphere in the Experimental group increased significantly compared with that in the Control group or that in the contralateral hemisphere 1 week after HI ( both P ＜ 0.05). After 4 weeks of HI the number of BrdU positive cells in the ischemic hemisphere decreased compared with that 1 week after HI, but still remained significantly higher than that in the Control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The number of BrdU positive cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the ischemic hemisphere increased 1 week after HI, being significantly higher than that in the Control group (P ＜ 0.05 ). After 4 weeks of HI the number of BrdU positive cells in the SGZ of the ischemic hemisphere decreased compared with that 1 week after HI, but still was significantly higher than that in the Control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Some scattered BrdU positive cells were observed in the striatum or cortex of the ischemic hemisphere, particularly in periinfarct 1 or 4 weeks after HI. Conclusions Similar to the brain of adult rats, neurogenesis is enhanced in the brain of neonatal rats following HI. This result suggests that immature brain may have the capacity for self-repair.

The paper analyzes the background of teaching reform of management information system course in medical colleges and universities by introducing reform situation in the aspects like course setting and contents and elaborating on teaching organization form,including optimization of teaching cases,combination of experiment with practice,introduction of self learning mode,optimization of teaching evaluation and other aspects.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic mechanisms of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for experimental peripheral neuropathy induced by Campilobacter jejuni (Cj) lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

METHODForty healthy Wistar rats weighing 205 - 230 g were divided into IFN-beta, IVIG, IFN-beta plus IVIG and control groups. After the immune neuropathy was induced in the rats by Cj LPS, IFN-beta (1.3 microg/kg) was given by subcutaneous injection to the rats every other day for 6 weeks; IVIG [400 mg/(kg x d)] was given to the rats for five days, every other week for two times and IFN-beta [1.3 microg/(kg x d)] and IVIG [400 mg/(kg x d)] were given to the rats on the same days. Meanwhile, the control group was given PBS. The sera were collected in the 2nd, 4th and 6th week after therapy, the titers of anti-GM(1) IgG, MMP-9 and TNF-alpha in sera of immunized rats were measured by ELISA; histological study of sciatic nerve was performed and IgG on sciatic nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry in the 6th week.

RESULTS(1) There were no significant differences in titers of anti-GM(1) IgG, MMP-9 and TNF-alpha among the 3 therapeutic groups and control group after therapy for 2 weeks (P > 0.05). (2) The titers of anti- GM(1) IgG, MMP-9 or TNF-alpha in the control group were much higher than those of the IFN-beta group, the IVIG group or the IFN-beta and IVIG group after therapy for 4 weeks (P > 0.01) and there were no significant differences in titers of antibody among the 3 therapeutic groups (P > 0.05); the titers of MMP-9 or TNF-alpha in the IFN-beta and IVIG group were lower than those of the IFN-beta group or the IVIG group (P < 0.05). (3) The titers of anti-GM(1) IgG, MMP-9 or TNF-alpha in the control group were much higher than those of the IFN-beta group, the IVIG group or the IFN-beta with IVIG group after therapy for 6 weeks (P > 0.01); the IFN-beta with IVIG group had much lower levels of all indexes than the IFN-beta group or the IVIG group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIFN-beta and IVIG showed therapeutic effects on immune peripheral neuropathy through inhibiting the humoral and cellular immunity simultaneously in the peripheral neuropathy induced by CJ LPS, treatment with combined IFN-beta and IVIG was more effective.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy ; Interferon Type I ; therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nutritional risk in children with severe pneumonia using the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) and the association between nutritional risk and adverse clinical outcomes.

METHODSAccording to the STAMP score, 216 children with severe pneumonia were classified into high nutritional risk group (HR group; n=98), moderate nutritional risk group (MR group; n=65), and low nutritional risk group (LR group; n=53). Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol binding protein (RBP). The adverse clinical outcomes were recorded.

RESULTSCompared with the MR and LR groups, the HR group had significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, leptin, adiponectin, prealbumin, and RBP, as well as a significantly higher serum level of NEFA (P<0.05). Compared with the MR and LR groups, the HR group had a significantly higher proportion of children admitted to the intensive care unit and a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). The HR group had a significantly longer mean hospital stay and a significantly higher incidence rate of complications compared with the LR and MR groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNutritional risk screening has an important value in evaluating the clinical outcome of children with severe pneumonia, and children at a higher nutritional risk tend to have more adverse clinical outcomes.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malnutrition ; etiology ; Pneumonia ; complications ; Risk

OBJECTIVETo detect the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on cultured rat Sertoli cells.

METHODSThe viability of Sertoli cells was detected and morphological examination was performed, followed by flow cytometric assay to evaluate the toxic effect of PCP on rat Sertoli cells.

RESULTSMTT assay showed that PCP induced a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in Sertoli cell viability. Flow cytometric assay revealed that the number of dead Sertoli cells grew along with increased exposure to PCP.

CONCLUSIONPCP, with obvious cytotoxic effects, can cause necrosis of Sertoli cells in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Pentachlorophenol ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo plot a hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) nomogram for healthy neonates, and to evaluate its value for prediction of the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODSA total of 5,250 healthy full-term or near-term neonates (gestational age≥35 weeks, birth weight≥2 000 g) were enrolled as subjects. Their TCB values were continuously recorded for 168 hours after birth. The TCB values in the high-risk zones of three time periods, 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth, were used as predictors. The hour-specific TCB nomogram combined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of hour-specific TCB nomogram for hyperbilirubinemia.

RESULTSAccording to the hour-specific TCB nomogram, the TCB value dramatically increased during 16-72 hours after birth, and the increase slowed down gradually during 72-144 hours. Finally, the curve reached a plateau after 144 hours. Particularly, the P95 of TCB had been stabilized at 96 hours. The P40, P75, and P95 peak values of TCB were 173, 217, and 248 µmol/L, respectively. For the prediction of hyperbilirubinemia, the areas under the ROC curve of TCB at 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth were 0.77, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. The high-risk zones at 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth predicted the incidence rates of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia as 35.03%, 43.35%, and 79.95%, respectively, with positive likelihood ratios of 3.35, 4.75, and 22.70, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe hour-specific TCB nomogram and the division of TCB risk zones can give a satisfactory prediction of the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The neonate with a bilirubin level in the high-risk zone within 73-96 hours after birth is likely to have hyperbilirubinemia after 73-96 hours.

Bilirubin ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; Nomograms ; ROC Curve

Objective To explore the changes in neuroglobin(NGB)expression in rat cerebral cortex induced by acute and chronic hypoxia at high altitude.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control and experimental groups,and in the latter group,the rats kept in a high-altitude research base in Kekexili(4600 m),while the control rats were kept in a facility at the altitude of 2295 m.The rats in the experimental group were divided into 6 groups with the exposure time of 12,24,48,72 h,1 week and 1 month.An oximeter was used to measure the SaO2 level.Semi-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of NGB mRNA and protein in the cortical neurons of the rats after the exposure.Results After explosure of the rats to hypoxia at high altitude for 12h,the SaO2 was lowered to(70.70±2.83)%and increased gradually as exposure time prolonged,but remained lower than that in the control group throughout the exposure.RT-PCR showed a rapid increase of NGB mRNA expression after 24-h exposure to hypoxia,followed by gradual decrease till recovery of the normal level at 1 week;the expression slowly increased after 1 week and maintained a high level till 1 months.showing significant difference from that in the control group(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed an identical pattem of NGG protein expression alterations during the experiment.Conclusion NGB expressions in the cerebral cortex increase significantly after acute and chronic hypoxia at an altitude of 4600 m to enhance the tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia,suggesting the possible role of NGB as an important endogenous mechanism for protecting the neural tissues against hypoxic injuries.