Objective　Effects of low dose radiation on signal transduction of neurons in mouse hypothalamus were investigated. Methods　In the present study competitive protein binding assay, radioimmunoassay, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the effects of whole-body irradiation with 75 mGy X-rays on the contents of cAMP and cGMP and the expressions of c-fos mRNA, Fos protein and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the neurons of mouse hypothalamus. Results　The results showed that cAMP content in mouse hypothalamus immediately increased significantly and reached the peak value in 15 min after irradiation, and then returned to near sham-irradiation level 1 h after irradiation, followed by a small fluctuation of increase and decrease; the changes of cGMP content were basically opposite to those of cAMP content, while the changes of cAMP/cGMP ratio were basically consistent with those of cAMP content. The expression of c-fos mRNA in the neurons of hypothalamus appeared 15 min after irradiation, reached its peak value within 1 h, began to abate 2 h with its total disappearance 8 h after irradiation; the expression of Fos protein reached its peak value 8 h after irradiation, and then gradually returned to sham-irradiation level 48 h after irradiation; the expression of POMC mRNA decreased significantly 1 h after irradiation and remained at a lower level in the observation period of 12 h. Conclusion　These findings implicate that low dose radiation may potentiate the activity of the neurons in mouse hypothalamus, expedite their signal transduction, and down-regulate the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.

Animals ; Blood Vessels ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cochlea ; blood supply ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To compare the clinical effect of three kinds of gastric canal inserted method on patients with endotracheal intubation.Methods Two hundred and sixty-one cases of patients with endotracheal intubation were divided into group A(conventional group),B(inserting gastrotuhe by a guide-wire in it),C (pulling the tracheal under calm state),with each group of eighty-seven cases.The intubation successful rate,the time of gastric canal insertion,HR and SpO2 before and after inttthation,and the choking and blcoding occurrence during intubation were observed and compared.Results The intubation successful rate showed significantly higher in the group B(83.91%)than in the group A(70.11%,P＜0.05),and significantly higher in the group C(98.85%)than in the groups A and B(all P ＜ 0.01).In the time of gastrotuhe insertion,significantly quicker in the group B(43.25±5.56s)than in the group A(55.30±6.20)s(P ＜0.01),and significantly quicker in the group C(27.75±4.16)s than in the groups A and B(all P ＜ 0.01);In the total time of whole operation,significantly quicker in the group C(103.16±5.36)s than in the groups A and B(111.45±5.85 s、115.35± 5.25 s,all P ＜0.01),and significantly slower in the group B than in the group A(P ＜0.01).Before and after gastrotube insertion,there was no significant difference on HR in groups B and C(all P＞0.05),in the group A HR was obviously increased(P ＜0.05);while SpO2 there was no significant difference in group C,and the remarkably decreased in groups A and B(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).During the gastrotube insertion,The choking and blcoding occurrence in the group C(2.30%、O)was significantly lower than in the groups A(13.79%、9.20%)and B(8.05%,5.75%)(P＜0.01,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in groups B and A(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions It shows higher accurate and less side effect for the endotracbeal intubation patients undergoing gastrotuhe insertion by pulling the tracheal under calm state.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the existence and the dynamic cell frequencies of human cells in goats transplanted in utero with human hematopoietic stem cell (hHSC) by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique.

METHODSInterphase FISH (IFISH) with human-specific 17-chromosome satellite DNA and/or human-specific Y-chromosome satellite DNA as probes was performed to analyze the presence and proportions of human cells in 13 transplanted goats. Samples were peripheral blood cells, bone marrow smears and liver touch imprint preparations.

RESULTSOf the 13 transplanted goats, eleven were identified to present human cells. Among them, two goats transplanted with human male HSC were found to have human male cells. The results demonstrated that these transplanted goats were human/goat HSC xenogeneic chimeras. Human cell frequencies decreased with the goat age (months), but the longest survival reached 21 months. During the detected life periods of goats, human cell frequencies in peripheral blood, bone marrow and liver tissues were less than 1@1000, but local human cell frequencies of 207.92@1000 and 392.41@1000 were detected in the liver tissues of 2 transplanted goats.

CONCLUSIONSThe existence and long-term survival of human cells in transplanted goats detected by FISH indicated that goats were appropriate recipients for hHSC in utero transplantation. The lower human cell frequencies in blood and bone marrow, and the higher local human cell frequencies in liver tissues suggested that the microenvironment of goat liver tissues might favor the survival, proliferation and differentiation of human cells.

Animals ; Female ; Goats ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Uterus ; surgery

Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and/or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the subdermal vascular network (SVN).Methods SVNs were selected on dorsal skin flaps of 40 Wistar rats.The animals were divided randomly into a control group,a DEX group,a HBO group and a HBO+DEX group.Cranially based,2.5 cm?10 cm dorsal SVN skin flaps were sharply incised and elevated between the dartos and SVN,then sutured to their beds.On the 7th postoperative day,the surviving flap area was measured along with the number of new capillary,the thickness of meat tissue and the number of infiltrated neutrophilie granulocytes in the SVN skin flap.Results The mean surviving flap area for the control group was 7.90 cm~2,for the DEX group it was 10.48 cm~2,for the HBO group 15.53 cm~2,and for the DEX+HBO group it was 15.58 cm~2.The improvement in surviving flap area was highly statistically signifieant compared with the control.The improvement was also statistical- ly significant when the HBO group or HBO+DEX group was compared with the DEX group.However,no statistically significant difference was found between the HBO group and HBO+DEX group.Conclusion In a rat dorsal skin flap model,DEX or HBO improved skin flap viability,but DEX alone is not as efficacious as HBO or as DEX+ HBO.DEX plus HBO showed no additive beneficial effect over HBO alone.

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome of upper respiratory infection (URI) caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children.

METHODSPharyngeal cultures for MP antibody were performed in 960 children with acute URI. The samples were randomly collected from the outpatient room or emergency room (Observed group). Of the Observed group, there were 232 cases under 1 year of age, and the remainder, were between 1-12 years old. The samples from 100 healthy children aged from 6 months to 12 years were used as the Control group. The prevalence of MP infection between the two groups was compared. The clinical manifestations and the outcome between the patients with MP positive and negative were compared.

RESULTSMP antibody was positive in 31.7% (304/960) of the Observed group but only 9.0% (9/100) in the Control group (P < 0.05). The URI patients under 1 year of age had a lower positive rate of MP than those over 1 year old (P < 0.05). Coughs and tonsillitis were more common (P < 0.05), but catarrh, gastroenteritic symptoms, herpes, and tetter were rare (P < 0.01) in URI patients with MP positive compared with those with MP negative. Pneumonia developed in 14.8% of the patients with MP positive but only 7.0% in those with MP negative (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMP is one of the main pathogens of acute URI in children. Acute pharyngotonsillitis symptoms are predominately presented in children with MP infection. MP infection was commonly seen in children over 1 year old and they are prone to develop pneumonia.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) on angiogenesis during mandible fracture healing in rabbit.

METHODSFifty adult white rabbits were used for animal model and randomly divided into a control group (25 rabbits) and an experimental group (25 rabbits). The membranous complex of rhbFGF and bovine type I collagen was prepared and implanted into the rabbit mandible fracture site under periosteum. The animals were sacrificed on 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days respectively after operation and the whole mandibles were harvested. The expression of factor VIII related antigen (F8-RA) in callus was examined with immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSThe amounts of microvascular formation in calluses in the rhbFGF-treating group on days 7, 14, 28 and 56 were more than those of the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that rhbFGF could stimulate microvascular formation during mandible fracture healing in rabbits.

Animals ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Mandibular Fractures ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of hantavirus seen during 2000-2003 in Qingdao region of Shandong province.

METHODSSera were collected from 64 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and viral RNA was extracted from the sera. HTN and SEO universal primers were designed as outer primers and HTN and SEO specific primers as inner primers. G1 gene region of M segment from hantavirus was amplified by using RT-nest-PCR for sequencing. The data of nucleotide sequences were analyzed by DNA star software.

RESULTSSix cases were positive by HTN specific primer of total cases (9%); 25 of 64 cases by SEO specific primer (39%); total positive rate was 48%. In general, SEO type was a prevalent type of hantavirus in Qingdao region. The variation of the nucleotide sequences among SEO viruses (nucleotide sequence divergence ranged from 0.3% approximately 8.9%) was lower than that among HTN type (nucleotide sequence divergence ranged from 2.6% approximately 11.2% ).

CONCLUSIONMajority of hantavirus found in Qingdao region belonged to SEO type and still a few strains belonged to HTN type. Most of the HTN viruses were detected in Jiaonan county.

China ; Genotype ; Hantavirus ; genetics ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; blood ; virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

[Objective] To analyse the impact factors for adult measles and its epidemiological characteristics in shanghai . [ Methods] The data on adult measles incidence during 2009-2012 were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method .And the blood antibody titers was measured by ELISA method in the adult over18 years old in Hong Kou District of Shanghai . [Results] Zero dose vaccination and vaccination failure were the key reasons for the increase of adult measles , which were closely related to our history of prevention and treatment of measles . [ Conclusion ] Adult immunization should be strengthened to improve immune barrier and to reduce the measles incidence in adults , and it is suggested that the immunization for 10-15 year-olds should be strengthened so as to improve the overall antibody levels in adults as a whole .

OBJECTIVETo understand antibody responses to and RNA sequences of Hantavirus in patients with hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome (HFRS) in Yantai areas and to demonstrate the type of the prevalent viruses caused HFRS.

METHODSSerum specimens collected at acute and convalescent stages from 90 patients with HFRS and IgM and IgG antibodies against Hantavirus were detected with ELISA, and cross plaque reduction neutralizing tests were performed to detect neutralizing antibody. Viral RNA was extracted from the patients? sera by using Trizol method and nested PCR was utilized to amplify the specific segments of the viral cDNA and the products of the PCR were TA cloned and then the nucleotide sequences were determined.

RESULTSThe IgM antibody was positive in 82.2% (88/107) of the patients while the IgG antibody was positive in 85.7% (66/77) of the patients. Both the serologic and sequence analyses demonstrated that the epidemic of HFRS in Yantai areas was caused by mixed types of Hantavirus. The prevalent strains of Hantavirus had higher homology with the strains isolated in Korea than with those isolated previously in China.

CONCLUSIONSThe serologic and sequencing analyses indicated that the epidemic of HFRS in Yantai areas was caused by mixed types of Hantavirus dominated by type SEO.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Disease Reservoirs ; Hantaan virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; virology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping