Objective To understand whether long term consumption of purified water can cause lead accumulation and enhance lead toxicity in the rats with chronic lead exposure. Methods 104 male SD weaned rats were randomly divided into eight groups,tap water,purified water,tap water plus lead (lead acetate,Pb2+: 50 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 50 mg /L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L). All were fed with normal food and kept in the same environmental conditions. The blood samples were collected after 4,6,8,10,24 and 28 weeks of lead exposure. The brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone were sampled at the experimental endpoint and the lead concentration was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method,zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level was measured by using surface fluorescence method. Results At the same lead exposure level,no difference of blood lead level was observed between the groups of drinking purified water and tap water,however,the lead level in the organs tissue,including brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone,was significantly higher in the group drinking purified water compared with drinking tap water. The blood ZPP level in rats drinking purified water was also higher than the rats drinking tap water,the significant difference were occurred at low lead level exposure (P

To improve the quality of teaching, teaching reform and exploration on integration of Ttradition Chinese Orthopedics curriculum has been carried out by orthopedics teaching and research section in our school. Putting Traditional Chinese Orthopedics as the framework of curriculum knowledge, the im-portant and difficult points of Human Anatomy and Clinical Medical Science were combined, which builds the overall teaching mode of normal-disease-cases and get some results. The evaluation of teaching effect shows thatthe integration of Traditional Chinese Orthopedicscourse will enable students to lay a solid the-oretical foundation and improve their ability.

Objective To analyze lesional and clinical characteristics of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children.Methods A clinical retrospective study was performed on 126 patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis collected from 2006 to 2011 at the Hunan Children's Hospital.Results Of the 126 patients,the youngest was 2months old,and the oldest was 9 years old.The ratio of male to female was 2.5 ∶ 1.Clinical manifestations included eczematid,seborrheic lesions,hemorrhagic maculopapules,yellow nodules and white macules.Of the three clinical phenotypes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis,Letter-Siwe disease was the most prevalent,and most cases of LetterSiwe disease were associated with hepatosplenomegaly,abnormal chest X-ray,impaired hematopoietic function and multifocal bone injuries.The clinical grade was mainly Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with Letter-Siwe disease,Ⅰ in patients with eosinophilic granuloma,and varied from Ⅰ to Ⅳ in patients with Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with Ⅱ as the most common.Of these patients,those with eosinophilic granuloma had the oldest average age with bone as the only affected organ,while those with Letter-Siwe disease had the youngest average age with the greatest number of affected organs.The treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis included surgical operation and combined chemotherapy.Conclusions Langerhans cell histiocytosis has characteristic skin lesions and diverse clinical manifestations.Pathology has diagnostic significance to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Therapy strategies and curative effects are dependent on the severity of,and the organs affected by Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal uric protein.Methods According to the coronary artery lesion diagnosed by 320-dynamic volume CT,the 126 T2DM patients with normal uric protein were divided into three groups:no coronary stenosis group (group A,32 cases),coronary atherosclerosis group(group B,38 cases),coronary heart disease group (group C,56 cases).Then the serum cystatin C etc were compared among the three groups.Results The levels of serum cystatin C in group A,B,C were (0.89 ± 0.27),(1.31 ± 0.53),(1.54 ± 0.62) mg/L.With the increase of coronary artery lesions,it gradually increased,there was significant difference among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of serum cystatin C quartile.The incidence of coronary artery lesion in creased with the increased levels of serum cystatin C.The level of serum cystatin C increased from 75th percentile to 100th percentile,the incidence of coronary heart disease increased significantly (OR =8.32,P ＜0.05).The result of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that history of hypertension (regression coefficient 4.135,P =0.000),glycosylated hemoglobin (regression coefficient 1.257,P =0.002),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (regression coefficient 3.381,P =0.015),cystatin C (regression coefficient 2.046,P =0.030) were the independent risks of coronary heart disease in patients with T2DM.Conclusion The level of serum cystatin C may be a predictor for coronary heart disease in T2DM patients with normal uric protein.

Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; complications ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the stability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)during serum incubation at different temperature and time periods.Methods Ten healthy volunteers (4 males and 6 females,aged 24 to 59 years)from Beijing Hospital were recruited in May 2015.Fasting venous blood samples were collected and centrifuged to separate the sera.Serum samples were incubated at 4℃ for 24 h,25℃for 0,1,8 and 24 h (with or without an LCAT inhibitor).Serum to-tal cholesterol (TC),total free cholesterol (TFC)HDL-C and HDL-FC were measured by the HPLC Method.Results HDL-FC and HDL-C changed -6.91% and -2.17% during serum incubation at 4℃for 24h.TFC,HDL-FC and HDL-C changed significantly (averaged -13.70%,-25.88% and -1.53% respectively)during serum incubation at 25℃ for 24 h,in which the decrease of TFC and HDL-FC were inhibited by the addition of the LCAT inhibitor.The decrease of HDL-C was even higher in the presence of the LCAT inhibitor.Conclusion Serum TFC,HDL-C and HDL-FC levels changed during serum incubations,which were caused by the LCAT and CETP activities and the transfer of cholesterol among lipoproteins. For accurate measurement of serum HDL-C,prolonged serum storage should be avoided in clinical laboratories.

Objective To investigate the differential expression of microRNA - 30e in sepsis - induced acute lung injury(ALI)and its correlation with interleukin(IL)- 1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)- α from two aspects of in vivo and in vitro. Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group,3 - hour sepsis group,6 - hour sepsis group,12 - hour sepsis group and 24 - hour sepsis group in equal number. Sepsis - in-duced ALI model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,10 mg/ kg). The rat alveolar mac-rophages NR8383 were divided into blank control group and LPS(1 mg/ L)stimulated 3,6,12,24 hour groups. Inverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the production changes of IL - 1β,TNF - α and miRNA - 30e in lungs and cells. The injury of lung tissue was evaluated through histopathology. Results The levels of IL - 1β and TNF - α in lung tissues of rats in sepsis groups were obviously up - regulated when compared with those in normal control groups(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The lung tissue hematoxylin - eosin staining indicated ALI in the sepsis group. The relative expression of miR - 30e in rat lung tissue in sepsis 3,6,12,24 hour groups were respectively 0. 26 ± 0. 02, 0. 41 ± 0. 08,0. 29 ± 0. 05 and 0. 18 ± 0. 05,which were significantly lower than those in normal control group(1. 23 ± 0. 24,all P ﹤ 0. 01). The levels of IL - 1β and TNF - α in LPS stimulated NR8383 cells at different time points were obviously up - regulated when compared with those in blank control groups(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The relative expression of miR - 30e in LPS stimulated 3,6,12,24 hour groups were respectively 0. 27 ± 0. 04,0. 55 ± 0. 05,0. 65 ± 0. 02 and 0. 41 ± 0. 10,which were significantly lower than those in blank control group(1. 17 ± 0. 21,all P ﹤ 0. 01). The expres-sion of miR - 30e in lung tissues of groups showed significantly negative correlations with those of IL - 1β and TNF - α(IL - 1β:r = - 0. 417,P = 0. 022;TNF - α:r = - 0. 437,P = 0. 016). The expression of miR - 30e in LPS stimulated NR8383 cells of groups also showed significantly negative correlations with those of IL - 1β and TNF - α(IL - 1β :r =- 0. 713,P = 0. 003;TNF - α:r = - 0. 712,P = 0. 002). Conclusions The expression level of miR - 30e was signifi-cantly down - regulated in sepsis - induced ALI,and had a significantly negative correlation with IL - 1β and TNF - α, which may be used as a new biomarker of diagnostic,prognosis evaluation and therapy of sepsis - induced ALI.

AIM:To investigate the change of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) expression during cardiomyocyte apoptosis and to explore the relationship between SCAD and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .METHODS: The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) were used as the model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis . The cell viability , the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels , the activity of SCAD and the content of free fatty acids were determined .RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expression of SCAD decreased in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis model.Compared with negative control group , SCAD expression and activity were both significantly decreased in siRNA-1186 group, but the content of free fatty acids were obviously increased in the cardiomyocytes .Meanwhile, SCAD siRNA treatment triggered the same apoptosis as cardiomyocytes treated with tBHP .CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of SCAD may play an important role in primary cardiomyocyte apoptosis .Increase in the expression of SCAD may become an impor-tant part in intervening cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

Objective To study the effect of Corylin on A375 cells melanin synthesis,and explore its mechanism.Methods The cells were randomly divided into the control group, the estradiol group, and corylin group including 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L. Estradiol estradiol intervention group were given 10-3 mol/L. Corylin group (10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L,100μmol/L) were given 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L corylin intervention. The activity of proliferation were detected by MTT, NaOH method, dopa oxidation , both melanin content and tyrosinase activity (tyrosinase, TYR). TYR, yrosinase related protein (tyrosinase related protein, TRP)-1 and TRP-2 expression levels of mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control group, 10, 100μmol/L of Corylin group cell proliferation rate significantly decreased (P<0.01). The 1μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L of Corylin group cell melanin content, TYR significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The 1μmol/L corylin group TYR (0.303 ± 0.003vs. 0.628 ± 0.012), TRP-1 (0.313 ± 0.008 vs. 0.677 ± 0.022), TRP-2 (0.456 ± 0.028vs. 0.687 ± 0.020) mRNA expression level significantly decrease (P<0.01).Conclusions The results showed that Corylin could inhibit melanin synthesis, which worked probably through inhibiting the activity of TYR and cutting the mRNA expressions of TYR,TRP-1/2.

Objective To compare the effect of Solitaire AB and Enterprise stent-assisted endovascular embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. Methods The clinical data 218 patients with intracranial aneurysm treated with Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent in Guangdong General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy patients were treated with Solitaire AB stents and 148 were treated with Enterprise stents. They were followed up after procedure (2 months to 2 years). The Raymond grade and the modified Rankin scale (mRS)scores were used to compare the efficacy of the 2 kinds of stents. Results There were no significant differences in patients before procedure in the Hunt-Hess grade (Z = 1. 550,P = 0. 121),Fisher grade (Z =1. 537,P =0. 124),aneurysm size (Z =0. 192,P =0. 848),and position (χ2 = 0. 337,P = 0. 736)between the 2 stent groups,while there were no significant differences in patients after procedure in the instant Raymond grade (Z = 0. 682,P = 0. 495), follow-up Raymond grade (Z = 0. 206,P =0. 837),and mRS score (P =0. 662)between the 2 stent groups. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the stent type (Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent),Raymond grade follow-up grade (OR,0. 029 ,95% CI 0. 126 - 0. 199,P = 0. 661 ),and postoperative mRS score (OR,2. 000,95% CI 0. 204 - 19. 603,P = 0. 552)had no influence on the
prognosis. Conclusions In the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms using the Solitaire AB and Enterprise stents,the effects of both stents are good in the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.