Objective To understand whether long term consumption of purified water can cause lead accumulation and enhance lead toxicity in the rats with chronic lead exposure. Methods 104 male SD weaned rats were randomly divided into eight groups,tap water,purified water,tap water plus lead (lead acetate,Pb2+: 50 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 50 mg /L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L). All were fed with normal food and kept in the same environmental conditions. The blood samples were collected after 4,6,8,10,24 and 28 weeks of lead exposure. The brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone were sampled at the experimental endpoint and the lead concentration was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method,zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level was measured by using surface fluorescence method. Results At the same lead exposure level,no difference of blood lead level was observed between the groups of drinking purified water and tap water,however,the lead level in the organs tissue,including brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone,was significantly higher in the group drinking purified water compared with drinking tap water. The blood ZPP level in rats drinking purified water was also higher than the rats drinking tap water,the significant difference were occurred at low lead level exposure (P

Objective To analyze lesional and clinical characteristics of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children.Methods A clinical retrospective study was performed on 126 patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis collected from 2006 to 2011 at the Hunan Children's Hospital.Results Of the 126 patients,the youngest was 2months old,and the oldest was 9 years old.The ratio of male to female was 2.5 ∶ 1.Clinical manifestations included eczematid,seborrheic lesions,hemorrhagic maculopapules,yellow nodules and white macules.Of the three clinical phenotypes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis,Letter-Siwe disease was the most prevalent,and most cases of LetterSiwe disease were associated with hepatosplenomegaly,abnormal chest X-ray,impaired hematopoietic function and multifocal bone injuries.The clinical grade was mainly Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with Letter-Siwe disease,Ⅰ in patients with eosinophilic granuloma,and varied from Ⅰ to Ⅳ in patients with Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with Ⅱ as the most common.Of these patients,those with eosinophilic granuloma had the oldest average age with bone as the only affected organ,while those with Letter-Siwe disease had the youngest average age with the greatest number of affected organs.The treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis included surgical operation and combined chemotherapy.Conclusions Langerhans cell histiocytosis has characteristic skin lesions and diverse clinical manifestations.Pathology has diagnostic significance to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Therapy strategies and curative effects are dependent on the severity of,and the organs affected by Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

To improve the quality of teaching, teaching reform and exploration on integration of Ttradition Chinese Orthopedics curriculum has been carried out by orthopedics teaching and research section in our school. Putting Traditional Chinese Orthopedics as the framework of curriculum knowledge, the im-portant and difficult points of Human Anatomy and Clinical Medical Science were combined, which builds the overall teaching mode of normal-disease-cases and get some results. The evaluation of teaching effect shows thatthe integration of Traditional Chinese Orthopedicscourse will enable students to lay a solid the-oretical foundation and improve their ability.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal uric protein.Methods According to the coronary artery lesion diagnosed by 320-dynamic volume CT,the 126 T2DM patients with normal uric protein were divided into three groups:no coronary stenosis group (group A,32 cases),coronary atherosclerosis group(group B,38 cases),coronary heart disease group (group C,56 cases).Then the serum cystatin C etc were compared among the three groups.Results The levels of serum cystatin C in group A,B,C were (0.89 ± 0.27),(1.31 ± 0.53),(1.54 ± 0.62) mg/L.With the increase of coronary artery lesions,it gradually increased,there was significant difference among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of serum cystatin C quartile.The incidence of coronary artery lesion in creased with the increased levels of serum cystatin C.The level of serum cystatin C increased from 75th percentile to 100th percentile,the incidence of coronary heart disease increased significantly (OR =8.32,P ＜0.05).The result of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that history of hypertension (regression coefficient 4.135,P =0.000),glycosylated hemoglobin (regression coefficient 1.257,P =0.002),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (regression coefficient 3.381,P =0.015),cystatin C (regression coefficient 2.046,P =0.030) were the independent risks of coronary heart disease in patients with T2DM.Conclusion The level of serum cystatin C may be a predictor for coronary heart disease in T2DM patients with normal uric protein.

Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; complications ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of contortrostafin on human glioma xengoraft model and explore its mechanism.Method Animal models were established on BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneously transplanted neoplasma of U87 glioma.The nude mice bearing withU87 slioma were devided randomly into two groups,which were treated without drugs or with doses of 40 μg/d.The dimension of xenografts was measured and the living state of nude mice with U87 glioma was observed.The protein expression of microvesel density(MVD),bFGF in each paraff in imbedded xenograft of nude mice bearing with U87 glioma were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Result Contortrostafin inhibited the growth of xenografts in nude mice with U87 glioma(P＜0.05),and the tumor volume was reduced by 50%.Meanwhile the control group highly expressed bFGF at the level of protein,coupling with increase of MVD.Compared with the dissolvent control group,contortrostatin treated group showed lower expression of bFGF,(P＜0.01)and more decrease in MVD(P＜0.01).Conclusion Contortrostatin diffusa has significant inhibitive effect on human glioma xenograft.

AIM:To investigate the change of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) expression during cardiomyocyte apoptosis and to explore the relationship between SCAD and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .METHODS: The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) were used as the model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis . The cell viability , the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels , the activity of SCAD and the content of free fatty acids were determined .RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expression of SCAD decreased in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis model.Compared with negative control group , SCAD expression and activity were both significantly decreased in siRNA-1186 group, but the content of free fatty acids were obviously increased in the cardiomyocytes .Meanwhile, SCAD siRNA treatment triggered the same apoptosis as cardiomyocytes treated with tBHP .CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of SCAD may play an important role in primary cardiomyocyte apoptosis .Increase in the expression of SCAD may become an impor-tant part in intervening cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

Objective To study the effect of Corylin on A375 cells melanin synthesis,and explore its mechanism.Methods The cells were randomly divided into the control group, the estradiol group, and corylin group including 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L. Estradiol estradiol intervention group were given 10-3 mol/L. Corylin group (10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L,100μmol/L) were given 10-3μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L corylin intervention. The activity of proliferation were detected by MTT, NaOH method, dopa oxidation , both melanin content and tyrosinase activity (tyrosinase, TYR). TYR, yrosinase related protein (tyrosinase related protein, TRP)-1 and TRP-2 expression levels of mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control group, 10, 100μmol/L of Corylin group cell proliferation rate significantly decreased (P<0.01). The 1μmol/L, 10-1μmol/L, 10-2μmol/L of Corylin group cell melanin content, TYR significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The 1μmol/L corylin group TYR (0.303 ± 0.003vs. 0.628 ± 0.012), TRP-1 (0.313 ± 0.008 vs. 0.677 ± 0.022), TRP-2 (0.456 ± 0.028vs. 0.687 ± 0.020) mRNA expression level significantly decrease (P<0.01).Conclusions The results showed that Corylin could inhibit melanin synthesis, which worked probably through inhibiting the activity of TYR and cutting the mRNA expressions of TYR,TRP-1/2.

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K21. The mean t1/2(?) was (2.7?0.4) h, Vd was about 11.18 L?kg-1.The C-T profile conformed to two compartment open model. The plasma Dau concentration-time curves showed a double-peak phenomenon in all dosages of all dogswhen dauricine was given by intragastric was.The tpeak(1) was (0.8?0.6) ～(1.2?0.5) h,tpeak(2) was (5.2?3.2) ～(6.5?1.9)h,Cmax(2) 0.05) and the AUC was increased in proportion.The drug is eliminated non-linearly when the dosage is above 50 mg?kg-1, the parameters t1/2(el),CL, AUC/X0 shows great difference (P