OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the C311S polymorphism of paraoxonase 2 (PON2) gene and ischemic stroke in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

METHODSA case-control study of 279 Chinese subjects (including 162 T2DM with or without ischemic stroke and 117 non-diabetic control) was performed. Genotype frequencies of C311S polymorphism were studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) analysis with DdeI digestion.

RESULTSC311S polymorphism of PON2 gene was detected in Chinese with the C/S allele frequencies 0.145 and 0.855. The frequency distribution showed significant difference between Chinese and Asian Indian. Furthermore, the genotype distribution (SS, CS and CC) of the PON2 C311S gene polymorphism exhibited a significant difference between T2DM patients complicated with ischemic stroke and T2DM without ischemic stroke, the former had a significantly higher C allele frequency(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe above data indicate that the polymorphism at codon 311(Cys --> Ser)in the PON2 gene is associated with ischemic morbidity in Chinese T2DM patients and C allele might be a risk factor.

Adult ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stroke ; etiology ; genetics

AIMTo clone the gene of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 and express it in the form of a soluble fusion protein in E. coli. Then the activation of SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and its lethal effects on tumor cells were studied.

METHODSStaphylococcus aureus SEC2 gene was cloned into GST gene fusion vector pGEX-4T-1. The resultant plasmid pGEX-4T-SEC2 was used to transform E. coli BL21, where the GST-SEC2 fusion protein was expressed efficiently. The rSEC2 protein was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity column and digested with thrombin. The in vitro culture system was utilized to observe the activation of the SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and the lethal effects on tumor cells of the activated mice lymphocyte.

RESULTSThe proper gene of SEC2 was cloned and purified rSEC2 was obtained. The MTT results indicated that rSEC2 have strong ability to stimulate mice lymphocyte to proliferate with a dose-dependent manner. With the proliferation of mice splenic lymphocyte, rSEC2 has a strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, the gene of SEC2 was cloned and the rSEC2 protein was obtained, which had strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of plasma mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase in the diagnosis of allergic diseases by measuring the contents of both in children.

METHODSA total of 59 children with allergic diseases and 53 healthy children were recruited into the study. Plasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase in children with allergic children were 1.089 ± 0.752 ng/mL and 0.905(0.375-2.318) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in healthy children [0.593 ± 0.380 ng/mL and 0.454 (0.097-1.077) ng/mL respectively; P<0.05]. There was a significantly positive correlation between plasma mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase levels in children with allergic diseases (r=0.684, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPlasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase increase in children with allergic diseases, suggesting that mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase may serve as the indexes for the diagnosis of allergic diseases.

Adolescent ; Carboxypeptidases ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chymases ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mast Cells ; enzymology

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution and expression of fibromodulin, decorin and biglycan in developing normal periodontal tissues, so as to understand its role in periodontal tissue formation.

METHODSThirty six BALB/c mice in different developing stages were killed and their bilateral mandibular first molars with surrounding alveolar bones and gingival tissues were taken out, Power Vision two steps immunohistochemical method with anti-fibromodulin, anti-decorin and anti-biglycan was used to detect the tissue distribution and cellular localization of fibromodulin and related proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan.

RESULTSFibromodulin was strongly expressed in the subcutaneous gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, mainly in gingival and periodontal fibroblasts as well as their matrices. Strong expression was also noted in the area close to the interfaces of periodontal ligament-alveolar bone and periodontal ligament-cementum. Decorin was strongly expressed in the area of gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament and the surface of alveolar bone, while biglycan was stained evidently in gingival connective tissue throughout the period of investigation, but negative in the surface of alveolar bone and osteoblasts.

CONCLUSIONSFibromodulin may interact with decorin and biglycan to regulate the network formation of gingival connective tissues and periodontal collagen fibers, and may be involved in mineralization of the alveolar bone and cementum.

Alveolar Process ; cytology ; growth & development ; Animals ; Biglycan ; Decorin ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; analysis ; Fibromodulin ; Gingiva ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Osteoblasts ; chemistry ; Periodontal Ligament ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Proteoglycans ; analysis ; Tooth Germ ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of microencapsulated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells modified with maspin gene on the motility and adhesiveness of breast carcinoma cells Bcap37 and to explore the possibility and feasibility of its clinical application in treatment of malignant tumors.

METHODSAfter the Bcap37 cells were co-cultured with the microencapsulated CHO cells modified with maspin gene, their motility and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (ECV304), changes in CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression were examined.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the motility of Bcap37 cells, their adhesion to vascular endothelial cells ECV304 and the CD44v6 expression were significantly reduced. The adhesiveness of Bcap37 cells and their E-cadherin expression were significantly enhanced.

CONCLUSIONThe microencapsulated CHO cells modified with maspin gene decrease motility and adhesiveness of breast carcinoma cells Bcap37, which help explain the anti-metastatic effects of maspin.

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; CHO Cells ; Capsules ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Coculture Techniques ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Serpins ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Female ; Humans ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; surgery

Objective To reveal the relationships between epileptic seizure in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and their intelligence.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 110 patients with seizure secondary to TSC,admitted to our hospitals from May 2007 to May 2012; the prognostic factors for mental retardation were analyzed.Results There were 67 males and 43 females in the TSC patients with seizures.The age of seizure onset ranged from 10 days to 28 years; the onset age was less than 1 year in 30％ and less than 3 years in 65％ of TSC patients.Twelve patients presented epileptic spasms; 40 had normal intelligence and 51 had mental retardation.In patients having onset age younger than 1 year,80％ had mental retardation; 92％ patients with epileptic spasms had mental retardation; 65％ patients with two seizure patterns had mental retardation; 62％ TSC patients with seizure frequency exceeding 4 times per month and 63％ patients with seizure history exceeding 5 years both had mental retardation.Conclusion The patients with seizure onset age less than 1 year old and having a history of epileptic spasms are more prone to mental retardation; so early control of seizure should be done to improve the intelligence.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcome of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients complicated pre-hospital cardiac arrest underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSFrom September 2004 to November 2008, 1446 consecutive patients with acute STEMI underwent PCI in our department. 49 out of 1446 patients complicated by pre-hospital cardiac arrest. Clinical outcome including total mortality, adverse cardiac events, stroke and bleeding events during the hospitalization period and within 1 year after discharge was compared between patients with or without pre-hospital cardiac arrest.

RESULTSPCI success rate was similar (85.7% vs. 88.8%, P = 0.497) while the incidence of in-hospital cardiogenic shock 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 and cardiac arrest (44.9% vs. 5.9%, P < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (36.7% vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest than patients without pre-hospital cardiac arrest. Time from symptom onset to emergency treatment, asystole as initial rhythm, Glasgow coma scale (GCS ≤ 7) and cardiogenic shock on admission were independent risk factors of in-hospital death in patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest. During follow up, incidences of overall mortality, re-infarction, revascularization and stroke were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSSTEMI patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest undergoing emergency PCI are facing higher risk of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest and higher in-hospital mortality compared to those without pre-hospital cardiac arrest. However, the post-hospital discharge outcome was similar between the two groups.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; therapy ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; mortality ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of air pollution on respiratory health in school-aged children in the main urban area of Chongqing, China.

METHODSThe main urban area of Chongqing was divided into polluted area and clean area according to the air pollution data shown on the Environmental Protection Agency Website of Chongqing between 2010 and 2015. A cluster sampling method was used to select 695 third- or fourth-grade children from 2 primary schools in the clean or polluted area as study subjects, with 313 children from the clean area and 382 children from the polluted area. Pulmonary function was examined for all children and a standard American epidemiological questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) was used to investigate the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms.

RESULTSCompared with the clean area, the polluted area had significantly higher concentrations of inhalable particles (PM), fine particulate matter (PM), and nitric oxide (NO) (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after adjustment for confounding factors, and the results showed that compared with those in the clean area, the children in the polluted area had significantly higher risks of cough (OR=1.644), cough during cold (OR=1.596), expectoration during cold (OR=2.196), persistent expectoration (OR=1.802), and wheezing (OR=2.415). The boys and girls in the clean area had significantly higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second than those in the polluted area (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAir pollution in the main urban area of Chongqing is associated with the increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms in school-aged children and has certain effect on children's pulmonary function.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Child ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; etiology ; Vital Capacity

BACKGROUNDBispectral index (BIS) is considered very useful to guide anesthesia care in elderly patients, but its use is controversial for the evaluation of the adequacy of analgesia. This study compared the BIS changes in response to loss of consciousness (LOC) and loss of somatic response (LOS) to nociceptive stimuli between elderly and young patients receiving intravenous target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil.

METHODSThis study was performed on 52 elderly patients (aged 65-78 years) and 52 young patients (aged 25-58 years), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II. Anesthesia was induced with propofol administered by TCI. A standardized noxious electrical stimulus (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, [TENS]) was applied (50 Hz, 80 mA, 0.25 ms pulses for 4 s) to the ulnar nerve at increasing remifentanil predicted effective-site concentration (Ce) until patients lost somatic response to TENS. Changes in awake, prestimulus, poststimulus BIS, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, predicted plasma concentration, Ce of propofol, and remifentanil at both LOC and LOS clinical points were investigated.

RESULTSBISLOCin elderly group was higher than that in young patient group (65.4 ± 9.7 vs. 57.6 ± 12.3) (t = 21.58, P < 0.0001) after TCI propofol, and the propofol Ce at LOC was 1.6 ± 0.3 μg/ml in elderly patients, which was significantly lower than that in young patients (2.3 ± 0.5 μg/ml) (t = 7.474, P < 0.0001). As nociceptive stimulation induced BIS to increase, the mean of BIS maximum values after TENS was significantly higher than that before TENS in both age groups (t = 8.902 and t = 8.019, P < 0.0001). With increasing Ce of remifentanil until patients lost somatic response to TENS, BISLOSwas the same as the BISLOCin elderly patients (65.6 ± 10.7 vs. 65.4 ± 9.7), and there were no marked differences between elderly and young patient groups in BISawake, BISLOS, and Ce of remifentanil required for LOS.

CONCLUSIONIn elderly patients, BIS can be used as an indicator for hypnotic-analgesic balance and be helpful to guide the optimal administration of propofol and remifentanil individually.

TRIAL REGISTRATIONCTRI Reg. No: ChiCTR-OOC-14005629; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=9875.

Adult ; Aged ; Electroencephalography ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement Disorders ; physiopathology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Unconsciousness ; physiopathology