OBJECTIVE To study infection and drug resistance of mycoplasma from semen of infertility men. METHODS Mycoplasma from semen of infertility men was identified by cultivation,and the sensitivities to drugs were also performed. RESULTS In 267 cases the positive rate of mycoplasma was 46.07%.Simple infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) accounted for 41.57%(11),and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) 1.50%(4),and the mixed 3.00%(8).The result of drug sensitive test showed that sensitivities of mycoplasma to minocycline,doxycycline and josamycin were the highest,and then were roxithromycin and azithromycin.The drug resistance of mycoplasma to ofloxacin and clindamycin was the highest. CONCLUSIONS The infectious rate of mycoplasma from semen of infertility men is on big rise.It is important to culture and test the drug sensitivities of mycoplasma to use drugs rationally.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor 5(GDF-5)on expression of gap junctional protein,connexin 43,during ehondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow sternal cells(BMSCs)in vitro.Methods BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro.The cells in passage 3 were chosen to be induced into chondrogenic differentiation.After induction for 72 hours,TypeⅡcollagen protein was examined by immunocytochemistry and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was measured by Alcian blue staining.With induction for 24,48 and 72 hours,the proliferation effects of BMSCs were investigated by MTT assay;connexin 43 mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR,western blotting and immunocytochemistry respectively at different time points during induction.Results According to MTT assay,GDF-5 had no effect on the proliferation of BMSCs at different time points of induction;RT-PCR,western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that GDF-5 could promote expressions of connexin 43 mRNA and protein at different times during induction.After 72 hours of induction,immunocytochemistry showed expression of TypeⅡcollagen protein,and AIcian blue staining of proteo- glycan revealed deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix.Conclusion GDF-5 can enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro by up-regulating the expression of gap junctional protein,connexin 43.

Human anatomy system is an interdisciplinary study project of medical, information and computer technologies. A mobile platform intelligent terminal-based human anatomy system was designed and implemented according to an analysis of mobile learning and the background of human anatomy system, which has a good prospect in teaching of human anatomy and in education of popular medical knowledge.

Objective To explore epidemic characteristics and trend of livestock brucellosis in Zibo,and to provide a scientific basis for development of prevention strategies to brucellosis.Methods Epidemiology statistical analysis and forecast was made based on related information such as the active immunization data of human brucellosis,the infection data between people and livestock,and the active immunization data among livestock over the years since 1954.Results From 1954 to 2011,37 years had brucellosis cases reported in Zibo City,with accumulative reports of 380 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.2512/100 000,distributed in 118 villages 56 counties 3 towns 5 districts of the whole city.From 1954 to 1988,only 14 years had brucellosis cases reported,with accumulative reports of 94 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.1573/100 000.From 1989 to 2011,each year had brucellosis cases reported,with accumulative reports of 283 cases,and the average incidence rate was 0.3158/100 000,of which the highest incidence was in 2011 (45 cases).From 1958 to 2011,there were a total of 140 154 livestock went through serology monitoring,1162 positives,and the positive rate was 0.83％,while the total immunization number of sheep was 884 900,of which 28 years did not carry out immunization work.Conclusions The incidence rate has decreased year by year since the seventies of last century.But the epidemic is on the rise since 1989,while new epidemic areas are emerging and the history affected areas are still serious,therefore the brucellosis prevention and control situation is still grim.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on the expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and remyelination in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE).Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into UTI group (U),normal saline treated group (S) and normal control group (N,n = 8,respectively).Demyelinations in the spinal cord were observed by solochrome cyanin staining.The expression of BDNF,myelin basic protein (MBP),and 2',3 '-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) in brain tissue of each group were evaluated by Western blot.Results Average clinical scores in group U at the 12,13,14,22,23,31,33,34 and 35 days were 0,0.25,0.38,0.63,0.63,0.40,0.40,0.40 and 0.40 respectively.They were significantly lower than group S at the same time ( U= 16.00,15.00,14.50,7.50,0.00,14.50,14.50,12.00 and 14.50,all P ＜0.05).Solochrome cyanin staining showed that demyelination of spinal cord in group U was also significantly improved than group S.Expressions of BDNF ( 1.96 ± 0.29),MBP (2.67 ± 0.48 ) and CNP ( 1.75 ± 0.20) in group U were all significantly higher than group S ( There were 0.80 ± 0.15,1.36 ± 0.38 and 1.06 ± 0.18 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UTI has protective effect on EAE.The possible mechanism is that it could promote remyelination,and protect oligodendrocytes and neurons in EAE model by increasing BDNF expression in brain.

AIM:To investigate the apoptotic pathway of MCF-7 breast cancer induced by the grub extract in vitro.METHODS:MTT assay was used to determine the effect of the grub extract on proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and cell toxicity.Morphological changes of the apoptosis in cancer cells were observed by HE staining through invert microscope,light microscope,AO/EB double fluorescent staining under fluorescent microscope.FCM was used to assay the change of apoptotic rate.The expression of Bcl-2,Fas,caspase-9,caspase-3 in apoptotic pathway was detected with immunocytochemical method before and after exposure to the grub extract,and the effect of that on apoptotic pathway was explored.RESULTS:(1)The MTT test showed that the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was significantly inhibited by the grub extract in dose and time dependent manners.The inhibitory rate in exposure group was significantly different from that in control group(P

Objective To search for the changes of T cells subpopulations and immunoglobulin and their relation-ship in children patients with simple nephrotic syndrome. Design Case-control research. Patients aud Participants 39 patients with simple nephrotic syndrome were divided into two groups:the incipient group and relapse group (6 cases were determined at the incipient and relapse time) .Thereare 28 patients in incipient group, 19 males and 9 females, at the age of 2 to 10 years old. There are20 patients in relapse group, 12 males and 8 females, at the age of 3 to 13 years old. There are 35health children in control group, 21 males and 14 females, 2～13 years old. Interventions T cells subpopulations were determined by indirect immunofluorescence of OKT linesmonoclonal antibodies. The serum IgG was determined by routine simple agar immunodiffusion tests. Results and Conclusions The CD_3~+ and CD_4~+ cells are of no change in the children patients withsimple nephrotic syndrome, and the CD_8~+ and CD_(10)~+ cells are obviously increased, the Values of CD_4~+/CD_8~+ are obviously lower than those in the control qroup, there are no difference between the incipientand relapse groups. The levels of serum IgG were decreased in the 85.3% children patients, IgM were inc-reased in 29.4% of that. The values of CD_4~+/CD_8~+ have positive correlation and negative correlationwith the levels of serum IgG and IgM respectively.

JNK is a key protein in the third stages of MAPK pro-tein kinase activation cascade,and is located in the key node of multiple signal transduction network.It plays a pivotal role in the cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and some other important cell biological processes.Therefore it acts as an im-portant factor in regulating the development of some major human diseases,such as cancer.But the functional diversity and com-plexity of three JNK isoforms in different cell types make it diffi-
cult to develop anticancer drugs with JNK as a treatment target. In this review,we summarized the apoptotic signaling network of JNK and the regulation functions of JNK in cell apoptosis and proliferation.We also discuss the different functions of 3 JNK isoforms in human cancer.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous scalp in the repair of defects after excision of giant pigmented nevi in children.Methods Eighteen children with giant pigmented nevi were included in this study.All the patients received excision of giant pigmented nevi.The defects were repaired using composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous razor-thin scalp grafts in 10 children from June 2009 to October 2012 (test group),and using autologous thin or intermediate-thickness skin grafts in 8 children from March 2006 to May 2009 (control group).Donor site healing time,skin graft survival rate,and the degree of scar proliferation were compared between the two groups.Results Significant differences were observed at donor sites between the test group and control group in healing time ((5.31 ± 1.45) vs.(11.63 ± 1.69) days,P ＜ 0.05) and scar score (1.62 ± 0.38 vs.6.38 ± 0.58,P ＜ 0.05).At recipient sites,the survival rate of skin grafts was similar between the test group and control group ((94.44 ± 2.56)％ vs.(95.13 ± 3.13)％,P ＞ 0.05),while scar score was significantly different (5.38 ±0.62 vs.8.40 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous scalp appear to be a good option for the repair of defects after excision of giant pigmented nevi in children,with minor donor-site injuries and satisfying cosmetic and functional outcomes at recipient sites.

Objective To investigate the role of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating and guiding radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its feeding vessels. Methods From January 2006 to June 2007, 71 patients with 75 hypervascular HCC in Peking University Cancer Hospital who underwent RFA were included in the study. The diagnosis was conifrmed by ultrasound guided biopsy for all patients. These patients were not suitable for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or had poor responds to TACE. They were divided into two groups, which included group percutaneous artery ablation (PAA) combining RFA and group RFA. There were 38 patients with 39 HCC in group PAA combining RFA and CEUS were used to identify the range of HCC inifltration. Firstly, PAA of the feeding vessels was conducted under the guidance of color doplor lfow imaging (CDFI). Then CEUS was performed to evaluate HCC perfusion after blocking the feeding vessels. Finally, the rest of the tumor was ablated by RFA. In group RFA, there were 33 patients with 36 HCC, who did not undertake PAA before RFA. Generally, the RFA was planned based on tumor size and location, and the ablation started with deep part of HCC or portion close to nearby organs. Contrast CT was used as a post-RFA imaging for follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 months post-RFA. T test was used to compare the difference in focal lesions number between two groups, andχ2 tests were used to compare the difference in necrosis rate between two groups after treatment. Results In group PAA combining RFA, post-PAA CEUS showed intratumor perfusion decreased more than 70%in 31 HCC (79.5%, 31/39). Of them, 13 HCC (33.3%, 13/39) showed complete perfusion defect with clear margin, called“solar eclipse sign”. The rest 8 HCC (20.5%, 8/39) showed 40%-70%of perfusion defect. In group PAA combining RFA, CDFI showed 35 (83.3%, 35/42) feeding vessels were blocked, and 3 vessels (7.1%, 3/42) showed signiifcant decreased lfow signal after PAA. There were average 3.18±1.42 ablations per HCC in group PAA combining RFA, and 4.32±1.56 in group RFA. The number of ablations per HCC in group PAA combining RFA was signiifcantly less than group RFA (t=2.524, P=0.015). The tumor necrosis rate at 1 month post-RFA in group PAA (92.3%, 36/39) combining RFA was signiifcantly higher than that of group RFA (66.7%, 24/35) (χ2=8.264, P=0.001). Conclusions With CEUS, PAA can effectively block the feeding vessels of HCC, enhance ablated necrosis in the tumor and signiifcantly increase necrosis rate post-RFA for large hypervascular HCC. CEUS-assisted PAA can improve efifciency of RFA with less ablation number and better result.