A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and esophageal variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) with different hardeners for esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB).Methods Clinical data of 314 patients with EVB were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the endoscopic treatments they have received,i.e.,endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) group (n =112),sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy (EVS1) group (n =48),lauromacrogol sclerotherapy (EVS2) group (n =40),EVL plus sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy (EVLS1) group (n =26) and EVL plus lauromacrogol sclerotherapy (EVLS2) group (n =88).The efficacy,variceal recurrence rate and complication rate were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in efficacy of stop bleeding among 5 groups,which was 85.7％ (96/112) in EVL group,83.3％ (40/48) in EVS1 group,92.5％(37/40) in EVS2 group,92.3％ (24/26) in EVLS1 group and 94.3％ (83/88) in EVLS2 group (P ＞0.05).The complete cure rates in EVLS1 group (88.5％,23/26) and EVLS2 group (87.5％,77/88)were significantly higher than those in 3 other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Rebleeding rates in EVS1 group (18.8％,9/48) and EVL group (11.6％,13/112) were significantly higher than those in other 3 groups (P ＜0.05).The patients were followed up for 6-18 months,and the varices recurrence rate was highest in group EVL (23.2％,26/112) and lowest in EVLS2 (10.2％,9/88,P ＜0.05).The complication rate in group EVS1 (32.2％,49/152) was significantly higher than that in other 4 groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusion EVL plus EVS,either with sodium morrhuate or lauromacrogol EVS is safe and effective for EVB,especially EVL plus Lauromacrogol EVS,may become an optimal therapy to control esophageal variceal bleeding and rebleeding.

BACKGROUND: Greatly importance has been attached to ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface due to its excel ent wear resistance. But the risks of squeaking and ceramic fracture also go with it. Up til now, the choice between ceramic-on-ceramic and ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surfaces in primary total hip arthroplasty remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes and safety between ceramic-on-ceramic versus ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty based on meta analysis. METHODS: We electronical y searched databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Col aboration database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBMdisc) and China National Knowledge Internet for randomized control ed trials on the comparison between ceramic-on-ceramic versus ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty from inception to January 2015. References of the included studies were also retrieved. Investigators severely selected the studies, extracted data and assessed the quality according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nine randomized control ed trials were included, involving 1 231 hips with ceramic-on-ceramic prosthesis and 932 hips with ceramic-on-polyethylene prosthesis. Meta analysis showed that both bearing surfaces achieved satisfied function recovery. But ceramic-on-ceramic had significantly increased risks of squeaking and ceramic fracture, meanwhile ceramic-on-polyethylene showed significantly higher wear rate. There were no significant differences in intra- or post-operative dislocation, osteolysis and other complications and prosthesis failure with any reason between two bearing surfaces. These results suggest that during the short- to mid-term fol ow-up period, no sufficient evidence can tel that ceramic-on-ceramic was obviously super than ceramic-on-polyethylene. Long-term fol ow-up is required for further evaluation.

Objective To evaluate the running status of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province in order to further improve the supervising mechanism and raise the efficiency of defluoridation in drinking water.Methods The water-improving projects,either being normal,or intermittent,or discarded and the cause of abnormal running in 33 counties in Gansu Province were surveyed with unified standard method.Fluoride content in water was determined by F-ion selective electrode.Results 993 water improving projects covering 3389 fluorosis villages were surveyed,682 projects worked well[68.68%(682/993)]and had supplied water with normal fluoride contents to 2174 villages[64.15%(2174/3389)]and benefited 116.56 hundred thousand populations.And the rest 311[31.32%(311/993)]projects worked abnormally or supplied unqualified fluoride water.The main causes were the exceeded lasting life,insufficiency of water resources,high fluoride content in water and unqualified administration.Conclusions Most of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province are basically running normally,but about 1/3 of the projects do not function well,so the management of the projects must be improved and consummated.

Syncope is a common emergency of children and adolescents,which has serious influence on the quality of life.Neurally-mediated syncope,including postural tachycardia syndrome,vasovagal syncope,orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension,is the main cause of syncope in children and adolescents.The main manifestations of neurally-mediated syncope are diverse,such as dizziness,headache,chest tightness,chest pain,pale complexion,fatigue,pre-syncope and syncope.Although the clinical manifestations are similar,each subtype of syncope has its hemodynamic feature and optimal treatment option.The diagnosis rate of syncope in children has been greatly improved on account of the development of the diagnostic procedures and methods.In recent years,with the promotion of head-up tilt test and drug-provocated head-up tilt test,the hemodynamic classification of neurally-mediated syncope gets continually refined.In recent years,with the effort of clinicians,an appropriate diagnostic protocol for children with syncope has been established.The initial evaluation consists of history taking,physical examination,standing test and standard electrocardiography.After the initial evaluation,some patients could be diagnosed definitely,such as postural tachycardia syndrome,orthostatic hypotension,and situational syncope.Those with a specific entity causing syncope need selective clinical and laboratory investigations.Patients for whom the cause of syncope remained undetermined should undergo head-up tilt test.The precise pathogenesis of neurally-mediated syncope is not entirely clear.In recent years,studies have shown that neurally-mediated syncope may be related to several factors,including hypovolemia,high catecholamine status,abnormal local vascular tension,decreased skeletal muscle pump activity and abnormal neurohumoral factors.Currently based on the possible pathogenesis,the individualized treatment of neurally-mediated syncope has also been studied in-depth.Generally,the management of neurallymediated syncope includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.Patient education is the fundamental part above all.In addition to exercise training,the first-line treatments mainly include oral rehydration salts,beta adrenoreceptor blockers,and alpha adrenoreceptor agonists.By analyzing the patient's physiological indexes and biomarkers before treatment,the efficacy of medication could be well predicted.The individualized treatment will become the main direction in the future researches.

Objective To adopt the expression profile chip to investigate the effect of Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara water extract on related gene of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) HepG2 cells for researching the possible mechanism of its water extract on HCC.Methods The human HCC HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro.After adding Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara water extract (9.54 mg/mL) for 24 h action,the expression profile chip was adopted to detect the HepG2 gene change after Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara action and then the chip results were verified by using RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The phase contrast microscope observation found that compared with the negative control group,the number of HepG2 cells was significantly reduced after Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara water extract action.The expression profile results showed that after Rabdosia serra (Maxim.)hara water extract action for 24 h,264 genes were risen to over twice folds compared with the negative control group and 194 genes were decreased by over twice folds compared with the negative control group.The gene ontology(GO) and KEGG analysis indicated that Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara could up-regulate multiple genes in DUSPs and IGFBPs family and down-regulate multiple genes in MCMs family.The RT-PCR detection found that compared with the negative control group,DUSP1 and IGFBP1 in the Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara treatment group were increased,while FXR and ALDH8A1 were decreased (P＜0.01),which were consistent with the results of expression profile chip.The Western blot results found that the protein expression level of DUSP1 in the Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara treatment group was also significantly higher than that in the negative control group (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The expression profile chip shows that Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) hara can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by regulating multiple genes.

Objective To understand distribution of the endemic fluorosis areas and running status of water-improving defuoridation projects in Gausu province. Methods In 2006, Gansu province endemic fluorosis areas, the content of fluoride in drinking water was measured in villages where water was not improved, running status of delluoridation projects was investigated and the content of fluoride in drinking water were determined in villages where water was improved. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis prevalence were examined in children in identified high-fluorlde villages. The fluorine content in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed using Dean method, and adults skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fhiorosis" (GB 16396-1996). Results Water samples were examined in 1997 villages of 26 countries, among which water fluoride content was higher than 1.0 mg/L in 598 villages, accounting for 29.94%(598/1997). All 1215 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been investigated, among which 94.90%(1153/1215) of the projects were functioning well, and intermittent and abandoned projects accounted for 2.96%(36/1215) and 2.14%(26/1215). Mean fluoride of treated water of 1084 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fluoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounted for 90.79%(1084/1194) ; mean fluoride of water from 1068 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fuoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounting for 91.75%(1068/1164). Total 86 390 children of 8 to 12 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of dental fluorosis was 22.47%(19 414/86 390) and 142 211 adults above 16 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of skeletal fluorosis was 4.20%(5967/142 211). Conclusions Some villages yet have water fluoride content exceeding the standard. Some projects are abandoned and running badly, leading to fluoride content exceeding the standard. In a few areas, the prevalence of children dental fluorosis and adult skeletal fluorosis still exists in Gansu province, the task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. We must raise the effect of prevention and treatment of this disease.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the application of condensed Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) in assessment of quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease,and to provide a scientific basis in rehabilitation of the patients.Methods Four hundred and twenty seven eases of adult patients with Kashin-Back disease and 419 healthy individuals randomly selected in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas in 8 counties of Gansu province were surveyed with the SF-36.The reliability of the SF-36 was assessed by split-half reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient and the validity through principal component factor analysis and correlation analysis,etc.The dimension scores of different people were obtained by analysis of variance and univariate t-test.Results The split-half reliability of all the 8 dimensions was greater than 0.6 and the Cronbach's α coefficient was greater than 0.8; the pearson correlate coefficients of all the items to their dimensions were greater than 0.391.SF-36 contained 8 domains and 2 summary scales in the factor analysis.The score differences of quality of life in different ages of the patients,different stages of the disease were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The SF-36 is practical in studying the quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck Disease.

Objective To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) of Val158Met are associated with the risk of breast cancer.Methods Gene polymorphisms of COMT were detected using di-allele-specific-amplification with artificially modified primers combined with SYBR Green I real-time polymerase chain reaction in a case-control study,which included 96 breast cancer patients (treatment group) and 116 healthy women(control group).Results The frequency of allele G in COMT gene Val158Met was 65.10％ and 71.98％ in treatment group and control group,and the frequency of allele A were 34.90％ and 28.02％ respectively.There were no differences between the two groups in allele frequencies of COMT Val158Met among Guangxi Baise population (all P ＞ 0.05).COMT Val158Met G/G genotype frequency distribution of the treatment group (38.54％) was lower than that of control group (54.31％),A/G genotype frequency distribution of the treatment group was higher(53.13％)than that of control group (35.34％).The distribution frequency differences of the two groups homozygous wild-type and heterozygous were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).A/A genotype frequency distribution was relatively similar in the treatment group and control group,and they were 8.33％ and 10.35％ respectively.The breast cancer risks of Guangxi Baise women with A/G heterozygous genotype increased by 2.118 times compared with that of G/G homozygous genotype.Conclusion Gene polymorphism of COMT Val158Met may be associated with the risk of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of early tangential excision within 24 postburn hours on local wound inflammatory response and tissue injury in patients with deep partial thickness burn.

METHODSTwelve patients with deep partial thickness burn were enrolled in the study. Tangential excision was performed within 24 postburn hours. The same wound of a patient was divided into three areas for harvesting tissue samples, i.e. pre-operation, post-operation and non-operation areas. For each patient, the biopsies from the pre-operation area were harvested before tangential excision, while those from post-operation and non-operation areas were harvested during 5 to 7 postburn days (PBDs). The contents of IL-8, MPO and MDA in wound tissue were determined by tissue culture and chemical colorimetry, respectively. HE and Mason's staining were employed to assess the degree of necrosis of the wound tissue.

RESULTSThe IL-8, MPO and MDA contents in the local wound tissue after tangential excision were 6.83 +/- 1.85 microg/L, 4.07 +/- 0.87 U/g, and 8.94 +/- 5.66 micromol/g, respectively, which were significantly lower than those from non-operation area (P < 0.01). The inflammatory response in the non-operative wound area was distinct with expansion of necrotic tissue area. In contrast, the local inflammatory response of the wound after tangential excision was ameliorated without the enlargement of necrotic tissue area.

CONCLUSIONTangential excision within 24 postburn hours could be beneficial in ameliorating local inflammatory response, and in preventing progressive deepening of the burn wounds, thus it could accelerate wound healing in patients with deep partial thickness burn.

Adult ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Surgical Wound Infection ; Wound Healing